Zenziwa kuphi izimoto ze-hydrogen
Hamba ngesitshalo sokukhiqiza i-hydrogen. IToyota Mirai
Ulapha. Ngempela. Uyamamatheka ngendlela enobungani neyangempela. Kepha akasho lutho. U-Akio Toyoda, ongusihlalo webhodi labaqondisi bakwaToyota, njengamanje ongumakhi wezimoto ngobukhulu emhlabeni, kuyaqabukela ekhuluma. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe yinkampani ibaluleke ngaphezu kwamagama futhi inika okuqukethwe okuningi esithombeni.
Lapho ungafaka khona isenzo esingokomfanekiso namanzi ethu ahlongozwayo, ahlanganiswe ne-hydrogen. Kuthiwa inomthelela wesiphuzo esine-caffeine futhi njengamanje iyathandwa eJapan. Kodwa-ke, sesivele sijabule kakhulu ukuthi sisesitshalweni seMotomachi eToyota City, esakhiwa ngo-1959 futhi esisendaweni engama-40 km eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNagoya. Njengamanje, lapha enkabeni yeJapane, izimo zezulu ziya ziqala ukusondela ezimweni zokugeza umusi, futhi ngaphakathi kwenkampani, lapho siyizivakashi ezinomusa, abantu abanjengamabutho akhethekile omsebenzi okhathazayo. Kulapha lapho kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2010 kuya ku-2014, kwakhishwa amakhophi ayi-500 e-Lexus LFA supercar, enziwe ngama-polymer aqiniswe nge-carbon-fiber, imoto yephupho le-CEO. Uzibandakanye mathupha nemodeli eqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile emjahweni wamahora angama-24 eNurburgring.
Izimoto kusukela manje zen
Kodwa-ke, manje sekuhluke ngokuphelele futhi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Mirai. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwenzeka buthule, ngohlobo lwengadi yeZen maphakathi nefektri enkulu. Abasebenzi abangama-50 bahlanganisa izimoto eziyi-13 ngosuku, noma ama-250 ngenyanga. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesandla eziteshini zokusebenza ezinhlanu futhi kuqala ngecala elipendiwe. Lesi sakamuva senziwa naseMotomachi, egumbini elihluke ngokuphelele. Ngisho ne-glue yezingilazi enephunga elithile isetshenziswa ngesandla, ngoba kungaba yinzuzo yerobhothi. Futhi ukuze abasebenzi bakwazi ukusebenzisa imisipha yabo, njengomphathi wephrojekthi kaMirai uYoshikatsu Tanaka. Ubheka ikusasa ngaphandle kwamahlaya, ethi eminyakeni emihlanu inkampani izokhiqiza amayunithi aphindwe kayishumi kunemodeli ye-hydrogen. Uyanezela: "Kulokhu sizosebenzisa inqubo entsha ngokuphelele yokukhiqiza bese sihlanganisa imoto entsha ngokuphelele." unomsebenzi omningi.
Efektri, kuzwakala umsindo ongaconsi phansi womculo onamathoni wezitho zikagesi zeBontempi, izipikha ezihlanekezelwe kancane. Amaholide abasebenzi? Cha, hhayi manje, ngoba njengamanje imoto ifika kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umshado", umzuzu lapho yonke indlela yamandla ixhunywe emzimbeni. Amadoda amabili amletha ngaphansi kwawo esebenzisa inqola yesandla, ngemuva kwalokho konke ukufakwa "kwamakhemikhali", kanye namasilinda e-hydrogen, kuphakanyiswa kusetshenziswa isikhwama sikathayela esifuthekayo.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibizayo
Isici esinqunyelwe emakethe ye-Mirai akukona nje ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen nengqalasizinda ye-powertrain yayo, kodwa futhi iqiniso lokuthi izinto ezibizayo nezingavamile ezifana ne-platinum zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imoto ngokwayo. Lapho sithola lokhu, kuba nenjabulo encane, ngoba sivimbe indlela yendlela engavamile yokuthutha izingxenye ezincane - inqola ependwe ngotshani obuluhlaza nomhlophe, iqhutshwa umJapane obonakala enolwazi kakhulu, owakhethwa nguzakwabo ngokucophelela. phezulu. . Eqinisweni, namuhla siwela umzila izikhathi eziningana futhi sihlangane naye. Okwamanje, i-154 hp unomphela uzibuthe kagesi ehambisanayo injini ifika ukuze ibekwe ngaphansi endaweni yokusebenza efanayo. Futhi ukuze kugcinwe izisebenzi zingajuluki, imifanekiso yezikibha eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuphaphathekile ezingabonakala emotweni, umoya opholile opholile uthunyelwa esiteshini ngasinye ngamapayipi esiliva agobile akhethekile.
Bangaphezu kwesigamu abantu abaseqenjini elisebenza lapha ababambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi ye-LFA ngenkathi bekhiqiza imoto eyodwa ebiza kakhulu enenjini yayo enejubane le-V10 enesivinini esikhulu. Enye yazo isemnyango wehholo, futhi inhlonipho ngaye nokuziqhenya ngokuthi benze lo mshini omangalisayo uyabonakala emehlweni abanye. Ngisho nombusi nomkakhe, abavakashela eMotomachi, bahlonipha isikhungo sobuchwepheshe obuphakeme ne-avant-garde, no-Akio Toyoda uqobo lwakhe njengomqondisi womuntu siqu.
Ukuhlushwa ngicela
Namuhla ayikho imikhosi enjalo efemini, wusuku olujwayelekile lokusebenza. Ngakho, singabona konke okwenzekayo kuyo - isibonelo, iloli elithwala ugesi elihambisa izingxenye ezindaweni zokusebenza. Iloli likagesi incazelo eyiyo, kodwa ayiphelele uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi iyimoto yamaseli kaphethiloli njenge-Mirai. Ngo-2020, zonke lezi zimoto ezingu-170 kufanele zibe njalo. Bayasichazela ukuthi bathule ikakhulukazi, ngoba umshayeli kumele agxile kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe. UNkulunkulu makakwenqabele ukuthi uhambise ipulaki ngephutha futhi ulimaze okuthile emotweni noma endaweni ezungezile - ngoba yonke into ezungezile ibiza kakhulu.
Mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokukhumbula ukuthi i-fuel cell iyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi elikhiqiza amandla kagesi ngokusekelwe enqubweni yamakhemikhali lapho umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni uhlangana ne-hydrogen ngaphandle kokuba khona kokuvutha kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. E-Mirai, okuthiwa i-fuel cell package itholakala ngaphansi kwezihlalo zangaphambili. Ixhaswe ngamathangi amabili amakhulu e-hydrogen - amabili azofakwa emotweni elandelayo okwamanje ahlolwa ukuthi awavuzi yini ukuze kubonakale ukuthi awonakele yini endleleni esuka kumnikezeli wempahla eya efemini. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhumbi ehlanganisiwe ye-cylindrical, okumele igcine i-hydrogen ekucindezelweni kwe-700 bar, ijojowe nge-helium ngokucindezela kwe-900 bar. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa, esimweni esibi kakhulu, isisebenzi singase siqale ukukhuluma ngezwi eliguquguqukayo elizwakalayo, kodwa ayikho ingozi yemishini endizela emoyeni. Njengomthetho, inqubo eqediwe endaweni ngayinye yokusebenzela idinga ukugunyazwa kuthebhulethi ekhethekile, futhi uma kunenkinga, usizo lungacelwa - olufana nenqubo evamile yokukhiqiza iToyota.
Ukunakwa, ukuzivocavoca umzimba
Kuvela isitimela esincane esithwala impahla, umshayeli nonogada basasebenza. Into eyodwa icacile: ukukhiqizwa kweMirai kuzophela. Isizukulwane esilandelayo sizosuselwa ohlelweni lwezimo zeToyota TNGA, kepha luzokhiqizwa endaweni yokusebenzela ehlukile futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, kwesinye isitshalo. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba kuhlangane ngokwengeziwe, ngoba idrayivu idinga isikhala esiningi. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwayo kuzosebenza kangcono njengokuhlelwa kwendawo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezihlalo ezinhlanu esikhundleni sezine zamanje.
Umshayeli akaqondi lutho ngawo wonke lomlingo wamakhemikhali. Imoto ende ngamamitha angu-4,89 yandiza yangena phakathi kwefektri yama isikhashana. Singaphinde silayishe kule ndawo ebizwa nge-Ecofuel Town eToyota City iphrojekthi yentuthuko ekhombisa ikhaya lekusasa.
Yilokho kuphela okwamanje. Ugqoke i-tracksuit, u-Akio uyaqhubeka nokuma ekhoneni ngaphandle kokukhuluma. Kubukeka njengencwadi yamahlaya. Mhlawumbe ngoba ungumlingiswa wencwadi yamahlaya. Yenziwe ngamakhadibhodi, ukuphakama kwemitha elilodwa. Halala! Amanzi e-hydrogen.
Umbhalo: UJens Drale
Isithombe: Wolfgang Gröger-Mayer
UMirai njengeqembu labezimo eziphuthumayo
Zonke izimoto zikaMirai ezithengiswa eJapan zinendawo kagesi esiqwini. Amandla aphezulu akhishwa ngama-kilowatts ayisishiyagalolunye ancishisiwe aba ngu-4,5 kW kusuka ku-converter engu-500 yen (000 euros). Ngakho-ke, imoto ekhokhiswa i-hydrogen inganikeza ugesi kumndeni ojwayelekile isonto lonke ngokusetshenziswa okuphakathi kwe-3800 kW. Kungani konke lokhu kudingeka? EJapane, lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kuvame khona, ukucishwa kukagesi amahora amaningi kuyinsakavukela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uMirai uba i-generator esizayo, okudingayo ukunakekelwa okuncane. Akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi lesi sici sizosetshenziswa yini phesheya kwezilwandle.
