GESI

Okuqukethwe UmsunguliEmblemUmlando wezimoto ze-GAZ I-Gorky Automobile Plant (isifinyezo se-GAZ) ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu embonini yezimoto yaseRussia. Ukucaciswa okuyinhloko kwenkampani kugxile ekukhiqizeni izimoto, amaloli, amabhasi amancane, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinjini. Indlunkulu itholakala Nizhny Novgorod. Ibhizinisi livela ezikhathini ze-USSR. Lesi sitshalo sasungulwa ngo-1929 ngomthetho okhethekile kahulumeni waseSoviet wokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zezwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isivumelwano senziwe nenkampani yaseMelika i-Ford Motor Company, okwakufanele ihlomise i-GAZ ngokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kusungulwe ukukhiqizwa kwayo. Inkampani inikeze ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe iminyaka emi-5. Njengesibonelo sesampula sokudala izimoto ezizayo, i-GAZ yathatha amasampula omlingani wayo wangaphandle njenge-Ford A ne-AA. Abakhiqizi sebebonile ukuthi naphezu kokuthuthuka ngokushesha kwemboni yezimoto kwamanye amazwe, kuzodingeka basebenze kanzima futhi benze izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile. Ngo-1932, kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo se-GAZ. I-vector yokukhiqiza yayigxile kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamaloli, futhi kakade ekuphenduleni kwesibili - ezimotweni. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifushane, kwakhiqizwa inqwaba yezimoto zabagibeli, ezazisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izikhulu zikahulumeni. Isidingo sezimoto sasikhulu, eminyakeni embalwa, siphumelele idumela elibalulekile njengomenzi wezimoto wasekhaya, i-GAZ yakhiqiza imoto yayo engu-100. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili (Great Patriotic War), uhla lwe-GAZ lwaluhloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zamasosha angaphandle komgwaqo, kanye namathangi ebutho. "Ithangi likaMolotov", imodeli ye-T-38, T-60 ne-T-70 yasungulwa esitshalweni se-GAZ. Ekuphakameni kwempi, kwaba nokunwetshwa kokukhiqizwa ekwakhiweni kwezikhali nezikhali. Izimboni zibe nomonakalo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu, okuthathe isikhathi eside ukubuyisela, kodwa umsebenzi omningi. Kuphinde kwaba nomthelela ekumisweni kwesikhashana ukukhiqizwa kwamanye amamodeli. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kabusha, yonke imisebenzi yayihloselwe ukuqalisa kabusha ukukhiqiza. Kwahlelwa amaphrojekthi okukhiqizwa kweVolga neChaika. Kanye nezinguqulo zesimanje zamamodeli amadala. Ngo-1997, isenzo saphothulwa nabakwaFiat ukuze bavumelane nokwakhiwa kwebhizinisi elihlangene elinegama elithi Nizhegorod Motors. Ukucaciswa okuyinhloko okwakungumhlangano wezimoto zabagibeli bezinhlobo ze-Fiat. Ekupheleni kuka-1999, inani lezimoto ezithengisiwe leqe amayunithi angama-125486. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elisha, kube namaphrojekthi amaningi wokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, futhi inani elikhulu lezinkontileka lisayinwe nezinkampani ezihlukahlukene embonini yezimoto. Uhlelo lwezezimali aluzange luvumele i-GAZ ukuthi ibone zonke izinhlelo zayo, futhi umhlangano wezimoto eziningi waqala ukwenziwa emagatsheni atholakala kwamanye amazwe. Futhi, ngo-2000 kwaphawula inkampani omunye umcimbi: amasheya amaningi atholwe yi-Basic Element, futhi ngo-2001 i-GAZ yangena ku-RussPromAvto ephethe. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-4, igama lokubamba lashintshwa laba yi-GAZ Group, okuthi ngonyaka ozayo ithenge inkampani yokukhiqiza iveni yesiNgisi. Eminyakeni eyalandela, kwasayinwa izivumelwano ezimbalwa ezibalulekile nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe njengeVolkswagen Group kanye neDaimler. Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izimoto zemikhiqizo yangaphandle, kanye nokwandisa isidingo sabo. Umsunguli we-Gorky Automobile Plant yasungulwa nguhulumeni wase-USSR. Uphawu Uphawu lwe-GAZ i-heptagon enohlaka lwensimbi olusiliva olunenyamazane ebhaliwe yombala ofanayo, otholakala kungemuva elimnyama. Ngezansi kukhona umbhalo othi "GAS" onefonti ekhethekile. Abantu abaningi bayamangala ukuthi kungani inyamazane idwetshwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto ze-GAZ. Impendulo ilula: uma ufunda indawo yaseNizhny Novgorod, lapho inkampani yavuselelwa khona, ungaqonda ukuthi indawo enkulu ingamahlathi, ahlala kakhulu amabhere nezinyamazane. Yizinyamazane eziyizimpawu zengubo yezingubo zikaNizhny Novgorod futhi nguyena owanikezwa indawo yokuhlonishwa ku-radiator grille yamamodeli we-GAZ. Uphawu oluyisimo senyamazane enezimpondo eziphakanyiswe ngokuziqhenya phezulu lufanekisela ukufisa, isivinini kanye nobukhulu. Emamodeli okuqala, kwakungekho logo enenyamazane, futhi ngesikhathi sempi i-oval yayisetshenziswa nombhalo othi "GAS" obhalwe ngaphakathi, owenziwe ngesando nesikela. Umlando wezimoto ze-GAZ Ekuqaleni kuka-1932, imoto yokuqala yenkampani yakhiqizwa - kwakuyimodeli yohlobo lweloli ye-GAZ-AA enesisindo sethani elilodwa nesigamu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwehla ibhasi elihlala abantu abangu-17 entanjeni yomhlangano, ifreyimu nesikhumba sayo okwakukhona ikakhulukazi ngokhuni, kanye ne-GAZ A. Imodeli ye-M1 enenjini engu-4-cylinder yayiyimodeli yabagibeli futhi inokwethenjelwa. Wayeyimodeli ethandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Esikhathini esizayo, kwakukhona ukuguqulwa okuningi kwalesi modeli, isibonelo, iloli yeveni 415, futhi umthamo wayo wokuthwala wawungaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-400. Imodeli ye-GAZ 64 yakhiqizwa ngo-1941. Imoto engekho emgwaqeni enomzimba ovulekile kwakuyimoto yamasosha futhi inamandla akhethekile. Imoto yokuqala yangemva kwempi eyakhiqizwa kwakuyiloli engu-51, eyakhululwa ehlobo lika-1946 futhi yaziqhenya ngendawo, enokwethenjelwa okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle. Yayineyunithi yamandla yamasilinda ayi-6, athuthukisa isivinini esingafika ku-70 km / h. Kuphinde kwaba nokuthuthukiswa okuningi okuhambisana namamodeli angaphambilini futhi umthamo wokuthwala imoto ukhuliswe isikhathi esisodwa nesigamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yenziwa yesimanje ezizukulwaneni eziningana. Ngenyanga efanayo yonyaka ofanayo, "Ukunqoba" okudumile noma imodeli ye-M 20 sedan, eyaduma emhlabeni wonke, yaphuma emgqeni womhlangano. Idizayini entsha ngokuphelele yayikhanya ngokwangempela futhi yayingafani namanye amamodeli. Imodeli yokuqala ye-GAZ enomzimba othwala umthwalo, kanye nemodeli yokuqala yomhlaba onomzimba "ongenamaphiko". Ububanzi bekhabhinethi, kanye nemishini enesondo elizimele langaphambili lokumiswa, kwenze kwaba umsebenzi wobuciko embonini yezimoto yaseSoviet. Imodeli yemoto yomgibeli 12 "ZIM" yakhululwa ngo-1950 ngeyunithi yamandla angu-6-cylinder, eyayinamandla aqinile futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi imoto esheshayo yenkampani, ekwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-125 km / h. Izinqubo ezintsha eziningi zobuchwepheshe nazo zethulwe ukuze zikhululeke kakhulu. Isizukulwane esisha seVolga sashintsha i-Pobeda ngo-1956 ngemodeli ye-GAZ 21. Idizayini engenakuqhathaniswa, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, injini efinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-130 km/h, amandla amakhulu kanye nedatha yobuchwepheshe ingatholwa yisigaba sikahulumeni kuphela. Esinye isibonelo seNqobile kwakuyi-Seagull. Imodeli ye-premium ye-GAZ 13 eyakhululwa ngo-1959 yayinezici ezifanayo ne-GAZ 21, isondeza ekunethezekeni okuphezulu nendawo yodumo phezu kwesisekelo semboni yezimoto yangaleso sikhathi. Inqubo yesimanje nayo yadlula emalolini. Amamodeli we-GAZ 52/53/66 afanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Amamodeli asetshenziswe ngokuphelele ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lomthwalo, elathuthukiswa abakhiqizi. Ukuthembeka kwalawa mamodeli kusasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Ngo-1960, ngaphezu kwamaloli, ukulungiswa kwesimanje kwafinyelela eVolga naseChaika, futhi imodeli ye-GAZ 24 yakhishwa ngomklamo omusha neyunithi yamandla ne-GAZ 14, ngokulandelana. Futhi ngawo-80, kwavela isizukulwane esisha sesimanje seVolga esinegama elithi GAZ 3102 elinamandla akhuphuka kakhulu weyunithi yamandla.