Ingabe ama-frigates alungele yonke into?
I-frigate ehlome ngendlela efanele futhi ehlomile ingaba yingxenye ebalulekile, ehambayo yohlelo oludidiyelwe lwezwe lethu lokuvikela umoya. Ngeshwa, ePoland, lo mbono awuzange uqondwe abenzi bezinqumo zezombusazwe abakhethe ukuthengwa kwezinhlelo zomhlaba ezivamile, ezinganyakazi ngokusebenza kwemboni. Futhi nokho imikhumbi enjalo ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukulwa nezinhloso zomoya ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana - yebo, kucatshangwa ukuthi indima yezempi yeNavy, egxila ekuvikeleni indawo yethu ngokumelene nobudlova olwandle, akuyona kuphela i-rais d'être yayo. . Isithombe sibonisa i-De Zeven Provinciën LCF yohlobo lwe-Dutch anti-aircraft kanye ne-command frigate edubula umcibisholo we-anti-aircraft webanga elimaphakathi i-SM-2 Block IIIA.
Ama-Frigates njengamanje asakazeke kakhulu e-NATO, futhi ngokuvamile emhlabeni, isigaba semikhumbi yokulwa enezinjongo eziningi ephakathi nendawo. Asetshenziswa cishe wonke amazwe e-North Atlantic Alliance anemikhumbi yempi, kanye namabutho asolwandle amaningi akwamanye amazwe. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi “balungele yonke into”? Azikho izixazululo eziphelele eziphelele. Kodwa-ke, lokho okunikezwa yi-frigates namuhla kuvumela amabutho asolwandle, ezimweni eziningi, ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile ebekwe phambi kwawo ohulumeni bamazwe ngamanye. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi sixazululo siseduze nesilungile kufakazelwa inani elikhulu nelisakhula labasebenzisi balo.
Kungani ama-frigate eyisigaba esithandwa kangaka semikhumbi yempi emhlabeni wonke? Kunzima ukuthola impendulo engacacile. Lokhu kuhlobene nezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zamaqhinga nezobuchwepheshe ezisebenza emhlabeni wonke ezimweni zezwe elifana ne-Poland, kodwa futhi neJalimane noma i-Canada.
Bayisixazululo esihle kakhulu ebudlelwaneni "nomphumela wezindleko". Bangakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi emanzini akude bebodwa noma ngamaqembu emikhumbi, futhi ngenxa yobukhulu nokufuduka kwabo, bangahlonyiswa ngamasethi ezinto ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza nezikhali - okungukuthi uhlelo lokulwa - oluvumela ukuqaliswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona: ukulwa nomoya, indawo engaphezulu, ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye nezinhloso zomhlaba. Endabeni yalokhu kwakamuva, asikhulumi nje kuphela ngokushaya okuhlosiwe ngesibhamu somlilo, kodwa futhi mayelana neziteleka ngemicibisholo ye-cruise ezintweni ezinezindawo ezaziwayo e-hinterland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-frigates, ikakhulukazi lawo aklanywe eminyakeni yamuva nje, angakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi engahlangene nokulwa. Imayelana nokweseka imisebenzi yokusiza abantu noma umsebenzi wamaphoyisa ukuze kusetshenziswe umthetho olwandle.
IGermany ayinciphisi. Ama-frigates ohlobo lwe-F125 afakwa enkonzweni yokuhlola, futhi isiphetho semodeli elandelayo, i-MKS180, isivele ibhalansi. Isifinyezo esithi "imikhumbi yempi yezinhloso eziningi" cishe iyisembozo sepolitiki sokuthengwa kochungechunge lwamayunithi, ukususwa kwawo okungafinyelela kumathani ayi-9000. Lawa akusewona ngisho ama-frigates, kodwa ababhubhisi, noma okungenani isiphakamiso sabacebile. Ezimweni zasePoland, imikhumbi emincane kakhulu ingashintsha ubuso be-Polish Navy, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inqubomgomo yethu yezolwandle.
Izindaba zesikhulu
Ngenxa yokuzimela kwawo okuphezulu, ama-frigate angakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo isikhathi eside kude nezisekelo zawo zasekhaya, futhi awavezwa kancane ezimeni ezingezinhle ze-hydrometeorological. Lesi sici sibalulekile kuwo wonke amanzi, kuhlanganise noLwandle iBaltic. Ababhali bemibono yezintatheli ukuthi ulwandle lwethu "luyichibi" nokuthi umkhumbi ongcono kakhulu ongasebenza kuwo yindiza enophephela emhlane, ngokuqinisekile awuzange uchithe isikhashana eBaltic Sea. Ngeshwa, imibono yabo inomthelela ongemuhle ezikhungweni zokwenza izinqumo ezibhekene nokuwa kwamanje, okumangalisayo kwe-Polish Navy.
Ukuhlaziya okwenziwa emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa nesifunda sethu, kukhombisa ukuthi yimikhumbi kuphela enamathani angaphezu kuka-3500 - okungukuthi ama-frigates - angakwazi ukwamukela isethi efanelekile yezinzwa nama-effectors, okuvumela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwemisebenzi ephathisiwe, kuyilapho. ukugcina ukuzulazula okwanele namandla okwenza kube yisimanjemanje . Lezi ziphetho zafinyelelwa ngisho nayiFinland noma iSweden, eyaziwa ngokusebenza kwemikhumbi yokulwa ehlala kancane - abagijimi berokhethi nama-corvettes. I-Helsinki isebenzisa ngokuzinzile uhlelo lwayo lwe-Laivue 2020, oluzoholela ekufakweni kwenyama ye-Pohjanmaa frigates esuswa ngokuphelele cishe ngosayizi woLwandle i-Baltic kanye nogu lwendawo olunama-skerries. Cishe bazophinde babambe iqhaza emisebenzini yamazwe ngamazwe ngaphesheya kolwandle lwethu, imikhumbi yamanje ye-Merivoimatu ebingakwazi ukuyenza. I-Stockholm ihlela nokuthenga amayunithi amakhulu kakhulu kunama-Visby corvettes anamuhla, okuthi, nakuba esimanje, acwaswe ngenani lemikhawulo ngenxa yobukhulu obungenele, ithimba elincane eligcwele imisebenzi, ukuzimela okuphansi, ukulungela ukuhamba olwandle, ukuntuleka kwendiza enophephela emhlane. noma i-anti-aircraft missile system, njll.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi abakhiqizi bemikhumbi abahamba phambili banikeza ama-corvettes anezinjongo eziningi ngokugudluzwa kwamathani angu-1500 ÷ 2500, anezikhali ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngaphandle kokushiyeka okukhulunywe ngenhla okubangelwa usayizi wawo, banamandla aphansi okwenza isimanjemanje. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezimweni zanamuhla, ngisho namazwe acebile athatha impilo yesevisi yemikhumbi yobukhulu kanye nentengo ye-frigate iminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuyodingeka ukuba zenziwe zibe zesimanje ukuze kugcinwe amandla ezingeni elanele nezingokoqobo ezishintshayo, ezingase zisetshenziswe kuphela lapho umklamo womkhumbi uhlinzekela indawo yokugcina indawo yokuthutha kusukela ekuqaleni.
Amafrigates nepolitiki
Lezi zinzuzo zivumela ama-frigates amalungu e-NATO yaseYurophu ukuba abambe iqhaza emisebenzini yesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezikude zomhlaba, njengokweseka imizamo yamazwe ngamazwe yokulwa nobugebengu emanzini oLwandle Lwase-Indian, noma ukubhekana nezinye izinsongo zokuhweba olwandle nemizila yokuxhumana.
Le nqubomgomo yayiyisisekelo sokuguqulwa kwamabutho asolwandle njengemikhumbi esondelene ngokwendawo yase-Denmark noma i-Federal Republic of Germany. Eyokuqala eminyakeni eyishumi nambili edlule, ngokwemishini, kwakuyiMpi Yempi Yasolwandle evamile enemikhumbi eminingi yokuvikela ugu emincane enenhloso eyodwa - abagijimi berokhethi nama-torpedo, abavukuzi kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya. Izinguquko zezombangazwe kanye nezinguquko ze-Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Denmark ngokushesha zalahla ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 zalezi zingxenye ukuthi zingabi khona. Ngisho namandla angaphansi kwamanzi aphelile! Namuhla, esikhundleni senqwaba yemikhumbi engadingekile, umnyombo we-Søværnet uqukethe amafrigate amathathu e-Iver Huitfeldt kanye nemikhumbi emibili yezinto eziningi, ama-quasi-frigates ekilasi lika-Absalon, esebenza cishe njalo, phakathi kwabanye. emisebenzini e-Indian Ocean nasePersian Gulf. AmaJalimane, ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, akha enye yamafrigate "ezokuvakasha" eziphikisana kakhulu zohlobo lwe-F125 Baden-Württemberg. Lawa makhulu - amathani asuka ku-7200 - imikhumbi eklanyelwe ukusebenza isikhathi eside kude nezisekelo, enezinsiza zokwakha imikhumbi ezinomkhawulo. Yini etshela omakhelwane bethu baseBaltic ukuthi bathumele imikhumbi "ekugcineni komhlaba"?
Ukukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka kwezohwebo kunomthelela omkhulu esimweni somnotho wabo. Ukuncika ekuthuthweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo eshibhile eqediwe evela e-Asia kubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi babheka ukuguqulwa kwemikhumbi, ukwakhiwa kwamafrigate amasha kanye nomzamo ohlangene wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe njengoba kufanele, nakuba kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi esimweni sabo. indawo yokusebenza yamasosha olwandle inkulu kunasezweni lethu.
Kulo mongo, iPoland ayisona isibonelo esihle kakhulu, njengoba umnotho wayo okhulayo awuxhomekile kuphela ekuthuthweni kwempahla olwandle, kodwa futhi - futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwakho konke - ekuthuthweni kwemithombo yamandla. Isivumelwano sesikhathi eside ne-Qatar sokuhlinzekwa kwegesi ewuketshezi esikhumulweni segesi e-Świnoujście noma ukuthuthwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe ukuya endaweni yokugcina e-Gdańsk sibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphepha kwabo olwandle kungaqinisekiswa kuphela yimikhumbi emikhulu ngokwanele enabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kahle. Imicibisholo yesimanje ye-Naval Missile Unit, noma i-Hurricane Missile Unit yamathani angama-350, ngeke ikwenze. Impela, uLwandle iBaltic akulona ichibi lesaga, kodwa indawo ebalulekile emnothweni womhlaba. Njengoba izibalo zibonisa, ithonywa omunye wemikhumbi emikhulu yamabhokisi emhlabeni, ngenxa yalokho ukuxhumana okuqondile kwezohwebo phakathi kwePeople's Republic of China kanye, isibonelo, iPoland (ngetheminali ye-DCT eGdańsk) okungenzeka. Ngokwezibalo, imikhumbi eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ihamba kuyo nsuku zonke. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani lesi sihloko esibalulekile singekho engxoxweni mayelana nokuvikeleka kwezwe lethu - mhlawumbe kubangelwa ukuchazwa kabi "kokubaluleka" kokuhweba olwandle? I-akhawunti yokuthutha ngomkhumbi i-30% yezohwebo zasePoland ngokwesisindo sempahla, okungenzeka zingadonseli ukunaka ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa izimpahla ezifanayo zifinyelela ku-70% yenani lohwebo lwezwe lethu, okubonisa ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwalesi simo umnotho wasePoland.
