amafrigates eBundesmarine
Imikhumbi yangaphambili yaseBrithani njengamafrigate okuqeqesha eBundesmarine "yahamba kancane emhlabeni." Isithombe nguGraf Spee eVancouver ngo-1963. Okwe-Walter E. Frost/City of Vancouver Archives
I-Bundesmarine ngokushesha ngemva kokuvukela kwayo yafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokugcwala ngemikhumbi yezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu. Nakuba kwakunzima ukwandisa leli khono ngobuningi eminyakeni eyalandela, kwenziwa yonke imizamo ukuze kugcinwe izinga eliphezulu, okungenani ngokwekhwalithi, ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kube nezizathu ezimbalwa zokwanda okubalulekile kweBundesmarine. Okokuqala, ngokuvamile, iJalimane yayingelinye lamazwe amakhulu eYurophu ngaleso sikhathi, futhi isizinda sezimboni, esibuyiselwe ngokushesha ngemva kwempi - ngenxa yosizo lwezezimali lwaseMelika - sanikeza isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwebutho eliqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yamasu olwandle olubili kanye nendima yohlobo lwesango e-Danish Straits kwakudinga ukunakekelwa kwamandla olwandle afanelekile egatsha lamabutho ahlomile.
Ukuba khona kwamasu lapha nalaphaya
Indima ye-FRG yayiwujuqu emfundisweni yokuma okungenzeka kwamasosha e-USSR kanye nezifundazwe ze-European socialist entshonalanga yeYurophu. Ngenxa yesimo sesu, ingaphambili lempi engase ibe khona phakathi kwamazwe amabili aphikisanayo kwadingeka idlule emazweni aseJalimane. Ngakho-ke isidingo sokuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kwenani lamabutho asemhlabeni nawomoya, ngaphezu kwalokho ahlinzekwa amabutho ahlalayo, yiqiniso, ikakhulukazi aseMelika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona kwezindawo ezisogwini oLwandle iBaltic kanye neNyakatho nokulawulwa kwemizila yemikhumbi yamasu ehlanganisa amanzi omabili (i-Kiel Canal kanye ne-Danish Straits) kwakudinga ukunwetshwa okuhambisanayo kwemikhumbi, okujwayelane nemisebenzi ehleliwe kokubili ezindaweni ezivaliwe nezivaliwe. izilwandle ezivulekile. amanzi olwandle.
Futhi kwakuyiBundesmarine, ngokusekelwa kwemikhumbi yamazwe amancane (iDenmark, iNorway, iNetherlands neBelgium), ngakolunye uhlangothi, okwakudingeka ivimbele amabutho e-Warsaw Pact oLwandle iBaltic, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. isikhathi silungele ukuvikela umkhumbi we-Atlantic. Lokhu kwakudinga ukuthunyelwa okufanayo kokuphelezelwa, ukuhlasela okulula, ukulwa nemayini namabutho ahamba ngaphansi kolwandle. Ngakho-ke uhlelo lokuqala olusemthethweni lokuthuthukiswa kwamabutho asolwandle eBundesmarine "lwanqanyulwa". Masikhumbule kuphela ukuthi uhlelo lokunwebeka olunebhongo kakhulu, olwasungulwa ngo-1955, luhlinzekele ukugunyazwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto: ababhubhisi abangu-16, abaphathi abangu-10 (kamuva ababizwa ngokuthi ama-frigates), izikebhe ezingu-40 ze-torpedo, imikhumbi-ngwenya eyi-12, abavukuzi abangu-2, abavukuzi abangu-24, abangu-30 izikebhe.
Bekucatshangwa ukuthi izokwakhiwa yimboni yayo yokwakha imikhumbi. Njengoba ubona, lolu hlelo lwalunokulinganisela, lusungula ukunwetshwa kwazo zonke izigaba zemikhumbi yempi ezazidingeka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube yilapho uhlaka lokuqala lwezingxenye zenziwa, kwakudingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe okwesikhashana i-Kriegsmarine eyayitholakala futhi isakhumbula impi, noma ukuthatha imikhumbi "esetshenzisiwe" ehlinzekwa ngabalingani be-NATO.
Yiqiniso, ukuvala i-Danish Straits ngemikhumbi emincane kwakulula kakhulu kunokuthumba nokugcina ababhubhisi noma ama-frigate amaningi esebenza. Ekuxazululeni umsebenzi wokuqala, imikhumbi yamazwe amancane, ngokuyinhloko iDenmark neNorway, yasiza ekwandiseni amaqembu abo ezikebhe ze-torpedo nabashayi bezimayini.
Ngo-1965, i-Bundesmarine yayinezikebhe ze-torpedo ezingu-40, i-minelayers engu-3 kanye ne-65 base kanye nabasebenzi bezimayini. I-Norway ingathumela izikebhe ze-torpedo ezingu-26, i-minelayers engu-5 kanye nabavukuzi bezimayini abangu-10, kuyilapho iDenmark ingathumela izikebhe ezingu-16 ze-torpedo, i-minelayers endala engu-8 kanye nezikebhe eziphikisana nemayini ezingu-25 ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene (kodwa ikakhulukazi ezakhiwe eminyakeni engu-40). Bekukubi kakhulu njengoba kunezibhubhisi ezibizayo namafrigate. Bobabili iDenmark neNorway bakha amafrigate abo okuqala ngemva kwempi ngaleso sikhathi (imikhumbi emi-2 neye-5 ngokulandelana). Kungakho kwakubaluleke kakhulu hhayi eJalimane kuphela, kodwa futhi naku-NATO iyonke, ukuthi iBundesmarine ibe neqembu lokuphelezela elithuthuke ngokwanele.
Imikhumbi yezitha zangaphambili
Ngo-1957, ngokuhambisana nezingxoxo nabaseMelika mayelana nababhubhisi, ubuholi boMnyango Wezokuvikela WaseJalimane babuxoxisana ngokwamukelwa kwemikhumbi esetshenziswayo futhi evela kumaNgisi. Izingxoxo ngale ndaba zaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-1955. Kuwo wonke u-1956, imininingwane yabhalwa, kuhlanganise nokusungulwa kwamanani okuthengisa. Kakade ngoMeyi, amagama amayunithi aqokelwe ukudluliswa ayaziwa. AbaseBrithani kwadingeka bakhokhele kanzima ababhubhisi abangu-3 ababephelezelwa kanye nama-frigates angu-4, okwakungamayunithi okwakhiwa kwezempi kuphela. Futhi ngakho-ke ama-hulls ngokwawo bacela amapondo ayizigidi ezingu-670. 1,575 wezindleko zokunakekelwa nokulungiswa okudingekayo kanye namanye amaphawundi ayizigidi ezingu-1,05 wezikhali nemishini yawo, okwanikeza ingqikithi yamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingu-3,290, noma cishe izigidi ezingu-40 zaseNtshonalanga. Amamaki aseJalimane ngenkathi.
