I-Frigate F125

I-prototype ye-frigate Baden-Württemberg olwandle ngesinye sezigaba zokuhlolwa kolwandle.

NgoJuni 17 walo nyaka, umcimbi wokuphakamisa ifulegi lase-Baden-Württemberg, okuyisibonelo se-F125 frigate, wenzeka endaweni yezempi yase-Wilhelmshaven. Ngakho-ke, esinye isigaba esibalulekile solunye lwezinhlelo ezihlonishwayo neziphikisanayo zeDeutsche Marine sesiphelile.

Ukuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kwashiya uphawu lwayo ekushintsheni kwezakhiwo zemikhumbi yamazwe amaningi aseYurophu, kuhlanganise neDeutsche Marine. Cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, lokhu kwakheka bekugxile ekulweni ngokubambisana namanye amazwe e-NATO anemikhumbi yempi yamazwe e-Warsaw Pact oLwandle iBaltic, kugcizelelwa ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esentshonalanga nezindlela eziya eDanish Straits, kanye nasezindaweni ezizungezile. ukuvikela ogwini lwayo. Izinguquko ezibucayi kakhulu kuyo yonke i-Bundeswehr zaqala ukushuba ngoMeyi 2003, lapho i-Bundestag yethula idokhumenti echaza inqubomgomo yokuvikela yaseJalimane yeminyaka ezayo - i-Verteidigungspolitische Richtlinien (VPR). Le mfundiso yenqabe izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuvikela indawo okukhulunywe ngazo kuze kube manje ukuze ivune imisebenzi yomhlaba wonke, yezokuvakasha, inhloso yayo enkulu bekuwukulwisana nokuxazulula izinkinga ezifundeni zomhlaba ezidala ukuvuvukala. Njengamanje, iDeutsche Marine inezindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko ezithakaselayo zokusebenza: i-Baltic and Mediterranean Seas kanye ne-Indian Ocean (ikakhulukazi ingxenye yayo esentshonalanga).

Imodeli ye-F125 eyethulwa e-Euronaval 2006 eParis. Inani lezimpondo ze-radar lenyusiwe lafinyelela kwezine, kodwa kusekhona eyodwa kuphela ku-aft superstructure. I-MONARC isasekhaleni.

Emanzini angaziwa

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwesidingo sokuthola imikhumbi evumelaniswe nemisebenzi evela esimweni sezombangazwe esishintshayo emhlabeni kwavela eJalimane ngo-1997, kodwa umsebenzi ngokwawo wathola umfutho kuphela ngokushicilelwa kwe-VPR. I-F125 frigates, ebizwa nangokuthi uhlobo lwe-Baden-Württemberg ngemuva kwegama leyunithi yokuqala yochungechunge, yakha eyesibili - ngemuva kwe-anti-aircraft F124 (Sachsen) - isizukulwane semikhumbi yamaJalimane yaleli klasi, eklanywe ngemuva- isikhathi sempi. Isikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Kakade esigabeni socwaningo, bekucatshangwa ukuthi bazokwazi:

• ukuqhuba imisebenzi yesikhathi eside kude nesisekelo, ikakhulukazi ezokuzinzisa kanye nemvelo yamaphoyisa, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezepolitiki esingazinzile;
• ukugcina ukubusa ezindaweni ezisogwini;
• ukusekela ukusebenza kwamabutho ahlangene, ukuwahlinzeka ngokusekela umlilo nokusebenzisa amabutho akhethekile amisiwe;
• enze imisebenzi yezikhungo zokuyala njengengxenye yemishini kazwelonke neyenhlangano;
• ukunikeza usizo lobuntu ezindaweni zezinhlekelele zemvelo.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinselele, ngokokuqala ngqá eJalimane, kwathathwa umqondo wokusetshenziswa okujulile phakathi nesigaba sokuklama. Ngokwemibono yokuqala (eyahlala ingashintshile phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuklama nokwakhiwa), imikhumbi emisha kufanele iqhubeke yenza imisebenzi yayo iminyaka emibili, ibe selwandle kuze kufike emahoreni angu-5000 ngonyaka. Ukusebenza okunjalo okujulile kwamayunithi kude nezisekelo zokulungisa okuphoqelelwe ukwandisa izikhawu zokugcinwa kwezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu, kuhlanganise nesistimu yokushayela, kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-68. Endabeni yamayunithi asetshenziswe ngaphambilini, njenge-F124 frigates, le mingcele yizinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, amahora angu-2500 nezinyanga ezingu-17. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-frigates amasha kwakudingeka ahlukaniswe ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izisebenzi zehliswe zibe ubuncane obudingekayo.

Imizamo yokuqala yokuklama i-frigate entsha yenziwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-2005. Bakhombisa umkhumbi 139,4 m ubude kanye 18,1 m ububanzi, efana amayunithi F124 usuzophela. Kusukela ekuqaleni, isici sesici sephrojekthi ye-F125 kwakuyiziqhingi ezimbili ezihlukene ze-superstructures, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi nezikhungo zokulawula, okwandisa ukuphelelwa yisikhathi (kucatshangwa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwamanye amakhono abo uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka noma ukulimala) . Lapho kucatshangelwa ukukhethwa kokucushwa kwedrayivu, onjiniyela baqondiswa indaba yokuthembeka nokumelana nomonakalo, kanye nesidingo esishiwo kakade sokuphila kwesevisi okwandisiwe. Ekugcineni, kwakhethwa uhlelo oluxubile lwe-CODLAG (okuhlangene udizili-ugesi kanye ne-gas turbine).

Mayelana nokwabiwa kwemisebenzi kumayunithi amasha e-Primorsky Theatre, kwakudingeka kufakwe izikhali ezifanele ezikwazi ukusekela umlilo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezikhali ezinkulu ze-caliber (amaJalimane asebenzisa i-76 mm eminyakeni yamuva) noma izikhali ze-rocket zacatshangelwa. Ekuqaleni, ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezingavamile kakhulu kwakucatshangelwa. Esokuqala kwakuyisistimu yezikhali ze-MONARC (Modular Naval Artillery Concept), eyathatha ukusetshenziswa kwe-155-mm PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer turret ngezinjongo zezempi. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kumafrigate amabili e-F124: Hamburg (F 220) ngo-2002 kanye no-Hessen (F 221) ngo-Agasti 2005. Esimweni sokuqala, i-PzH 76 turret eguquliwe ifakwe kusibhamu se-2000 mm, okwenza kube lula ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlanganiswa ngokomzimba kwesistimu emkhunjini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cannon howitzer yonke, exhunywe ku-helipad, yashaya u-Hesse. Ukudubula kwenziwa ezindaweni ezihloswe olwandle nasemhlabeni, kanye nokuhlola ukusebenzisana nohlelo lokulawula umlilo lomkhumbi. Uhlelo lwesibili lwezikhali olunezimpande zomhlaba lwaluzoba isiqalisi serokhethi esiphindwe kabili se-M270 MLRS.

Le mibono ye-avant-garde ngokungenakuphikwa yalahlwa ekuqaleni kuka-2007, isizathu esikhulu kuyizindleko eziphakeme zokuyijwayelanisa nemvelo yasolwandle eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kungadingeka ukuthi kucatshangelwe ukumelana nokugqwala, ukudambisa amandla ezibhamu ezinkulu, futhi ekugcineni, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlamvu ezintsha.

Ukwakhiwa ngezithiyo

Olunye lwezinhlelo ezihlonishwayo zeDeutsche Marine ludale izingxabano eziningi kusukela ekuqaleni, ngisho nasezingeni longqongqoshe. Kakade ngoJuni 21, 2007, i-Federal Audit Chamber (Bundesrechnungshof - BRH, okulingana ne-Supreme Audit Office) yakhipha ukuhlolwa kokuqala, kodwa hhayi okokugcina, okungalungile kohlelo, ixwayisa kokubili uhulumeni wobumbano (Bundesregierung) kanye ne-Bundestag. Ikomidi Lezezimali (Haushaltsausschusses) ngokumelene nokwephulwa. Embikweni wayo, i-Tribunal ibonise, ikakhulukazi, indlela engaphelele yokwenza inkontileka yokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, eyayizuzisa kakhulu umkhiqizi, njengoba ihilela ukukhokhwa kwemali efinyelela ku-81% yesikweletu sonke ngaphambi kwe- ukulethwa kwe-prototype. Noma kunjalo, iKomidi Lezezimali lanquma ukugunyaza lolu hlelo. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kamuva, i-ARGE F125 (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fregatte 125) ye-thyssenkrupp Marine Systems AG (tkMS, umholi) kanye no-Br. ULürssen Werft usayine inkontileka neHhovisi Likahulumeni Lobuchwepheshe Bezokuvikela kanye Nokuthengwa Kwempahla e-BwB (Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung) ukuze kuklanywe futhi kwakhiwe amafrigate amane ohambo lwe-F125. Inani lenkontileka ngesikhathi isayinwa lalicishe libe ngama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,6, elinikeze inani leyunithi lama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-650.

Ngokusho kwedokhumenti eyasayinwa ngoJuni 2007, i-ARGE F125 bekufanele ihambise iyunithi ye-prototype ekupheleni kuka-2014. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwavela kamuva, lo mnqamulajuqu awukwazanga ukufinyelelwa, kusukela ekusikeni amashidi okwakhiwa kwekusasa. I-Baden-Württemberg yabekwa phansi kuphela ngoMeyi 9, 2011., Futhi ibhulokhi yokuqala (ubukhulu obuyi-23,0 × 18,0 × 7,0 m nesisindo esingamathani angama-300), okwenza i-keel engokomfanekiso, yabekwa cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva - ngoNovemba 2.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2009, iphrojekthi yabuyekezwa, yashintsha isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesikebhe, yanda, phakathi kwezinye izinto, indawo yezimpahla nezikhali zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Zonke izichibiyelo ezenziwe ngaleso sikhathi zandisa ukufuduka nobude bomkhumbi, ngaleyo ndlela zamukela amanani okugcina. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuphoqe i-ARGE F125 ukuthi ixoxisane kabusha ngemibandela yenkontileka. Isinqumo sika-BwB sinikeze i-consortium ezinye izinyanga eziyi-12, ngaleyo ndlela sandise uhlelo kuze kube nguDisemba 2018.

Njengoba indima ehamba phambili ku-ARGE F125 idlalwe yi-tkMS ephethe (80% yamasheya), nguyena okwakudingeka anqume ngokukhethwa kosonkontileka abathintekayo ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloki amasha. Indawo yemikhumbi umsebenzi wayo kwakuwukwakha ngaphambili ingxenye ephakathi nendawo nengemuva, ukuhlanganisa amabhulokhi wemikhumbi, okokugcina, ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu nokuhlolwa okwalandela kwakuyi-Blohm + Voss yase-Hamburg, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiphethwe yi-tkMS (ephethwe yi-Lürssen kusukela ngo-2011). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo yemikhumbi yaseLürssen eVegesack eduze kwaseBremen yayibhekele ukukhiqizwa kanye nokugqoka kokuqala kwamabhulokhi omnsalo angama-62 m ubude, okuhlanganisa i-bow superstructure. Ingxenye yomsebenzi we-hull (izingxenye ze-bow block, kuhlanganise namapheya emikhumbi yokuqala) yathunyelwa isitshalo se-Peenewerft e-Wolgast, ngaleso sikhathi esasiphethwe ngu-Hegemann-Gruppe, bese kuba ngu-P + S Werften, kodwa kusukela ngo-2010 uLürssen. Ekugcineni, kwakuyile ndawo yemikhumbi eyakhiqiza amabhulokhi aphelele e-frigates yesithathu neyesine.