Ama-injection enjini

I-fuel injector (TF), noma i-injector, ibhekisela emininingwaneni yesistimu yokujova uphethiloli. Ilawula umthamo nokunikezwa kwamafutha kanye nezinto zokugcoba, okulandelwa ukufutha kwazo ekamelweni elivuthayo nokuhlanganisa nomoya kube yingxube eyodwa.

Ama-TF asebenza njengezigungu eziphezulu ezihambisana nohlelo lomjovo. Ngenxa yazo, uphethiloli ufuthwa ezinhlayiyeni ezincane kakhulu bese ungena enjinini. Imibhobho yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenjini inenhloso efanayo, kodwa iyahluka ngomklamo nangesimiso sokusebenza.

Imijovo ye-Fuel

Lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lubonakala ngokukhiqizwa ngakunye kohlobo oluthile lweyunithi yamandla. Ngamanye amazwi, ayikho imodeli yendawo yonke yale divayisi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuwahlela kabusha kusuka enjini kaphethiloli kuya kwedizili. Okuhlukile, singabala njengesibonelo amamodeli we-hydromechanical kusuka ku-BOSCH, afakwe kumasistimu emishini asebenza ngomjovo oqhubekayo. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumayunithi wamandla ahlukahlukene njengengxenye ebalulekile yesistimu ye-K-Jetronic, nakuba zinokulungiswa okuhlukahlukene okungahlobene.

Indawo nenqubo yokusebenza

Ngokuhlelekile, i-injector iyi-valve ye-solenoid elawulwa isofthiwe. Iqinisekisa ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kumasilinda ngemithamo enqunywe kusengaphambili, futhi uhlelo lomjovo olufakiwe lunquma uhlobo lwemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe.

Njengomlomo

Uphethiloli unikezwa ku-nozzle ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Kulokhu, iyunithi yokulawula injini ithumela ama-impulses kagesi ku-solenoid ye-injector, eqala ukusebenza kwe-valve yenaliti ebhekele isimo sesiteshi (esivulekile / esivaliwe). Inani likaphethiloli ongenayo linqunywa ubude be-pulse engenayo, obuthinta isikhathi lapho i-valve yenaliti ivuliwe.

Indawo yama-nozzles incike ohlotsheni oluthile lwesistimu yomjovo:

• Isikhungo: siphambi kwe-throttle valve endaweni eningi yokudonsa.

• Kuyasatshalaliswa: wonke amasilinda ahambisana nombhobho ohlukile obekwe phansi kwepayipi lokungena kanye nophethiloli ojovayo kanye nezinto zokugcoba.

• I-Direct - nozzles itholakala phezulu kwezindonga ze-cylinder, ihlinzeka ngomjovo ngqo ekamelweni elivuthayo.

Izijovo zezinjini zikaphethiloli

Izinjini zikaphethiloli zifakwe izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-injection:

• Iphuzu elilodwa - ukulethwa kukaphethiloli okutholakala phambi kwe-throttle.

• Amaphoyinti amaningi: Imibhobho eminingana ebekwe ngaphambi kwemibhobho inesibopho sokuletha uphethiloli nezinto zokugcoba kumasilinda.

Ama-TF ahlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kwephethiloli ekamelweni elivuthayo lesikhungo samandla, kuyilapho ukuklanywa kwezingxenye ezinjalo kungenakuhlukaniswa futhi akuhlinzeki ngokulungiswa. Ngezindleko ishibhile kunalezo ezifakwe ezinjinini zikadizili.

ama-injection angcolile

Njengengxenye eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu kaphethiloli yemoto, ama-injection ngokuvamile ahluleka ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwezinto zokuhlunga ezitholakala kuzo ngemikhiqizo evuthayo. Ama-deposit anjalo avimbela iziteshi zokufutha, eziphazamisa ukusebenza kwesici esibalulekile - i-valve yenaliti futhi iphazamise ukunikezwa kwamafutha ekamelweni elivuthayo.

Izijovo zezinjini zikadizili

Ukusebenza okulungile kwesistimu kaphethiloli yezinjini ze-diesel kuqinisekiswa izinhlobo ezimbili zama-nozzles afakwe kuzo:

• I-Electromagnetic, yokulawula ukuphakama nokuwa kwenaliti enesibopho se-valve ekhethekile.

• I-Piezoelectric, i-hydraulically actuated.

Ukusetha okulungile kwama-injection, kanye nezinga lokugqoka kwawo, kuthinta ukusebenza kwenjini ye-diesel, amandla akhiqizwayo kanye nenani likaphethiloli elisetshenzisiwe.

Umnikazi wemoto angabona ukwehluleka noma ukungasebenzi kahle komjovo wedizili ngenombolo yezimpawu:

• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokudonsa okuvamile.

• Imoto ayifuni ukuhamba futhi iyabhema.

• Injini yemoto iyandindizela.

Izinkinga nokungasebenzi kahle kwama-injection enjini

Ukugcina ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesistimu kaphethiloli, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ama-nozzles ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inqubo kufanele yenziwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20-30, kodwa ekusebenzeni isidingo somsebenzi onjalo sivela ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10-15. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphansi likaphethiloli, isimo esingesihle somgwaqo kanye nokungakhathalelwa kahle kwemoto ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu ngama-injection anoma yiluphi uhlobo zihlanganisa ukubonakala kwamadiphozi ezindongeni zezingxenye, okuwumphumela wokusebenzisa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi. Umphumela walokhu ukubonakala kokungcola ohlelweni lokuphakela uketshezi oluvuthayo kanye nokuvela kokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni, ukulahlekelwa amandla enjini, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezibaseli nezinto zokugcoba.

Izizathu ezithinta ukusebenza kwama-injection kungaba:

• Okuqukethwe kwesibabule ngokweqile ezibaseli nasezintweni zokuthambisa.

• Ukugqwala kwezakhi zensimbi.

• Iletha.

• Izihlungi zivaliwe.

• Ukufakwa okungalungile.

• Ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

• Ukungena komswakama namanzi.

Inhlekelele ezayo ingabonakala ngezimpawu ezimbalwa:

• Ukwenzeka kokuhluleka okungahleliwe uma uqalisa injini.

• Ukwenyuka okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elincane.

• Ukubukeka kwe-black exhaust.

• Ukubukeka kokwehluleka okwephula isigqi senjini ngokungenzi lutho.

Izindlela zokuhlanza izijovo

Ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingenhla, ukushaywa ngezikhathi ezithile kwama-injection kaphethiloli kuyadingeka. Ukususa ukungcola, ukuhlanza kwe-ultrasonic kusetshenziswa, kusetshenziswa uketshezi olukhethekile, ukwenza inqubo ngesandla, noma izithasiselo ezikhethekile zengezwe ukuhlanza ama-injection ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini.

Gcwalisa indawo yokulahla ethangini likaphethiloli

Indlela elula futhi emnene kakhulu yokuhlanza imibhobho engcolile. Umgomo wokusebenza kokwakheka okungeziwe uwukusebenzisa ukuncibilikisa amadiphozithi akhona ohlelweni lomjovo, futhi futhi ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwawo esikhathini esizayo.

sula umlomo ngezithasiselo

Le ndlela ilungele izimoto ezintsha noma eziphansi. Kulesi simo, ukungeza i-flush ethangini likaphethiloli kusebenza njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela ukugcina indawo yokuphehla amandla yomshini nesistimu kaphethiloli ihlanzekile. Ezimotweni ezinamasistimu kaphethiloli angcoliswe kakhulu, le ndlela ayifaneleki, futhi kwezinye izimo ingaba yingozi futhi yandise izinkinga ezikhona. Ngenani elikhulu lokungcola, ama-deposit ahlanziwe angena emibhobho, ewavala nakakhulu.

Ukuhlanza ngaphandle kokudiliza injini

Ukushisa kwe-TF ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini kwenziwa ngokuxhuma i-flushing unit ngqo enjinini. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ugeze ukungcola okunqwabelene kuma-nozzles kanye nesitimela sikaphethiloli. Injini iqala ngokungenzi lutho isigamu sehora, ingxube inikezwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

ukuhlanza imibhobho ngomshini

Le ndlela ayizifanele izinjini ezigqokwa kakhulu futhi ayizifanele izimoto ezine-KE-Jetronik efakiwe.

Ukuhlanza nge-disassembly of nozzles

Uma kwenzeka ukungcola okunzima, injini ihlakazwa endaweni ekhethekile, ama-nozzles ayasuswa futhi ahlanzwe ngokwehlukana. Ukukhwabanisa okunjalo futhi kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuba khona kokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwama-injection ngokushintshwa kwawo okulandelayo.

ukususwa nokugeza

Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Ultrasonic

Imibhobho ihlanzwa endaweni yokugeza ye-ultrasonic ukuze ithole izingxenye ebezihlakazwe ngaphambilini. Inketho ifanele ukungcola okunzima okungenakususwa ngokuhlanza.

Ukusebenza kokuhlanza ama-nozzles ngaphandle kokuwakhipha enjini kubiza umnikazi wemoto isilinganiso samadola ayi-15-20 aseMelika. Izindleko zokuxilonga ngokuhlanzwa okulandelayo komjovo kuskena se-ultrasound noma esitendi zingaba ngu-4-6 USD. Umsebenzi ophelele wokushibilika nokushintsha izingxenye ngazinye kukuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki kwesistimu kaphethiloli ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha, wengeze amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-15 ku-mileage.