I-Flash - valelisa engxenyeni yomlando we-inthanethi

Ukuphela kwe-Adobe Flash Player (1), isengezo seziphequluli zewebhu, kunikeze amawebhusayithi ukugqwayiza okuningi nokusebenzisana. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-Flash izoba yingxenye yomlando, nakuba kunezinyathelo zokuyilondoloza njengohlobo lokuzilibazisa lokuzijabulisa, olufana namarekhodi e-vinyl.

Ikhishwe ngo-1996, Flash bekungenye yokusakaza kwevidiyo ethandwa kakhulu nobuchwepheshe bokushicilela ngesikhathi sayo. inthanethi imidlalo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokufinyelela esicongweni sokuthandwa, yawela emhlabeni wama-smartphones. Iminyaka eminingi uye waqoqa izinqolobane ezinkulu Ukuphepha kwe-flash. Phela, ngonyaka odlule i-Adobe imemezele ukuthi ngeke isanikeza izibuyekezo zokuphepha zohlelo futhi yanxusa abasebenzisi ukuthi bayisuse kuziphequluli zabo. I-plugin eyake yaba namandla ithole isibuyekezo sayo sakamuva ngoDisemba XNUMX. Iziphequluli zewebhu ezinkulu njenge Apple Safari, Ukusekelwa kwe-Flash kukhutshaziwe ekupheleni konyaka. Umnqamulajuqu wokukhombisa amafilimu nokupopayi ungoJanuwari 12.

Amakhasi okuqala "amagciwane" ku-inthanethi

Ngo-August 1996, ngemva kwemizamo eminingi, iqembu labathuthukisi be-FutureWave, kanye no-Jonathan Gay, obesebenza ngemikhiqizo yezithombe kusukela ngo-1992, wethulwa emphakathini. I-FutureSplash Animator ngenguqulo ye-plug-in yabo yomdlali ngenethiwekhi esekelwe Xaviokungazange kusebenze kahle esipheqululini esasibusa ngaleso sikhathi I-Netscapekodwa kuhle ngokwanele I-Internet Explorerekwazile ukukholisa abasebenzisi be-inthanethi ukuthi bayifake.

Abaphathi be-Microsoft baba nentshisekelo kulo mkhiqizo, futhi bevela kusevisi ye-Disney yokubhalisa i-Daily Blast, ababekholelwa lokho I-FutureSplash kuyoba ephelele izingane zabo okuqukethwe multimedia online. Kubo, nabo, bafunda ngohlelo lweMacromedia, olwavuma ngokushesha ukuthola i-FutureWave. NgoMeyi 1997, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, iMacromedia yangena emakethe. I-Flash 2 - ngokuvumelanisa okulalelwayo, ukungenisa izithombe nokulandela ngomkhondo okuzenzakalelayo (ukuguqula ama-bitmaps abe yifomethi ye-vector) njengesici esivelele.

Nini Flash ithole ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi, abasebenzisi bayo baxhumeke besebenzisa amamodemu ocingo. Ijubane lokudlulisa lesikhathi lalisho ukuthi ukulayisha izithombe ezimile ezijwayelekile kwesinye isikhathi bekuyinkinga. Kwakunzima ukucabanga ngopopayi namafilimu. Ngalo mqondo I-Flash ingenise inkathi entsha wangena kuwo ngaphandle kokufuna okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. "Ingakha upopayi ogcwele wemizuzu emithathu onezinhlamvu eziningi, isizinda, imisindo nomculo ngaphansi kwamamegabhayithi amabili ongabukwa esipheqululini," kuchaza u-animator uDavid Firth embhalweni wesikhumbuzo sokuhamba kweFlash kuwebhusayithi ye-BBC.

Amasayithi anemikhiqizo ye-Flash babengabalingani bokuqala bezinqubo "zegciwane" zanamuhla ezanda emphakathini. Enye edume kakhulu kwakuyisayithi elithi Newgrounds, eliqanjwe ngokuthi "i-YouTube yenkathi yegolide ye-Flash." Babonakala behlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sopopayi kanye imidlalo interactive. “Kwakuyiwebhusayithi yokuqala eyayivumela noma ubani ukuthi athumele okuqukethwe futhi yayitholakala ngesikhathi sangempela,” kuqhuba uFirth.

Ngo-1998 Flash isivele igxilile kunethiwekhi. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kwakhula phakathi kwabaculi bokudala ababona i-inthanethi njengendlela entsha nethakazelisayo. Isici esibalulekile kanye nokusebenziseka kalula amathuluzi okudweba i ama-plug wesidlali senethiwekhiokuhlangene okwakha umnyombo weFlash kwaba wukusebenziseka kwayo ngezindlela eziningi, ikhono layo lokuhlanganisa okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia nokusebenzisana. Indawo yokuthuthukisa i-Flash ikhule ngokushesha. Omunye wabathuthukisi bokuqala beFlash kwaba UTom Fulp, esebenzisa iwebhusayithi ye-Newgrounds eshiwo ngenhla. “I-Flash kwakuyithuluzi lokudala engangihlale ngiphupha ngalo,” kukhumbula i-Ars Technica Fulp. "Kulula ukuhlanganisa ukugqwayiza nekhodi." Ulimi lokuhlela I-Flash ActionScript (eyakhiwe nguGary Grossman) yavela ngo-2000 okokuqala ngqa I-Flash 5.

Umsebenzi weFlash ubushesha. Abathuthukisi bohlelo bazibuze ukuthi ngabe kudingekile yini ukungena inthanethi isiqophi emhlabeni. Iziqhwaga eziningi zezinkampani sezivele zinezixazululo zazo zevidiyo yenethiwekhi. I-Macromedia wanquma ukungena emakethe yevidiyo, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana wasungula ukubambisana nesiqalo esincane esibizwa YouTubelapho i-Flash bekuyifomethi eyinhloko kuze kube ngu-2015.

Imisebenzi imemezela isahlulelo

Onyakeni wokuqala YouTube IMacromedia neFlash ithengwe ngabakwa-Adobe. Umhlaba wawubonakala uvulekele i-Flash. Nokho, kwakungakabi yizinga le-inthanethi ngomqondo ogcwele wegama. Kancane kancane i-HTML i CSS yakhiqiza kakhulu. Ukuqaliswa kwalezi nezinye izixazululo ze-inthanethi, kuhlanganisa. I-SVG i i-JavaScriptyaba yinto evamile kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Flash yaqala ukulahlekelwa umkhawulo wayo wokuqala wokuncintisana kuwebhu.

Nokho, waqhubeka ethuthuka. Ngaphansi kwe- I-Adobe Flash Player wengeze esiphakamisweni sakhe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukunikezwa kwe-3D, futhi i-Adobe yakwethula lapho Umakhi oguquguqukayo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR), eyenza iFlash yaba indawo egcwele yohlelo lokusebenza esekelwe inqwaba. Amasistimu ekhompyutha i izingcingo. Ngo-2009, ngokusho kwe-Adobe, i-Flash yafakwa ku-99% wamakhompyutha axhunywe ku-inthanethi. Manje sebezobanjwa omakhalekhukhwini...

I-Heavy Flash ayizange isebenze kahle kumadivaysi amancane, ikakhulukazi ashibhile. Inguqulo ehlutshiwe idaliwe I-Flash Light, okuyinto kwezinye izindawo, isibonelo eJapane, yayithandwa kakhulu, kodwa kuze kube manje kube nezinkinga ngokusebenza kwayo okulungile kuma-smartphones nokuhambisana.

Igalelo elingokomlando lawela ku-Apple. ivulwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Thoughts on Flash" lapho achaza khona ukuthi kungani i-Apple ingavumeli uhlelo ukuthi lusebenze ku-iPhone ne-iPad. Kuthiwa kuyakhathaza kakhulu ukubhekana nayo isikrini sokuthinta, ayithembekile, ibeka engcupheni yokuvikeleka, futhi idonsa amabhethri edivayisi. Njengoba afingqa, amamuvi nokugqwayiza kungalethwa kumadivayisi e-Apple kusetshenziswa i-HTML5 nezinye izixazululo ezivulekile, okusho ukuthi ithebhulethi iyisici esingafuneki.

Kukholakala ukuthi isizathu siwujuqu Ukulahlwa kwe-Flash imisebenzi futhi inkampani yakhe kwakungeyona yodwa imibi. Ngaphambilini, i-Adobe inikeze inguqulo entsha yohlelo, eguqulelwe ngokukhethekile kuma-smartphones. Akusizanga. Imisebenzi nayo ayizange imnike ithuba iFlash ngenxa yesu le-Apple, okwathi kusukela ekuqaleni lalihloselwe ukudala i-ecosystem yayo yesicelo, futhi iFlash yayiwumzimba wangaphandle kuyo, umkhiqizo wangaphandle.

Kwaba yisinqumo. Okunye okuhle Netflix i YouTubebaqale ukusakaza amavidiyo abo kuma-smartphone ngaphandle kwe-Flash. Ngo-2015, i-Apple yakhubaza i-plugin ngokuzenzakalelayo kusiphequluli sayo se-Safari, kuyilapho i-Chrome I-Google iqale ukuvimba okunye okuqukethwe kwe-Flash Ngezizathu zokuphepha. I-Adobe ngokwayo ivumile ukuthi obunye ubuchwepheshe obufana I-HTML5, bakhule ngokwanele ukuba babe "okuhlukile kweqiniso" ngaphandle kokudinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake futhi babuyekeze i-plugin ethile, futhi ekugcineni ngo-2011 bashiya ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi eselula futhi bawathuthela ku-HTML5. NgoJulayi 2017, inkampani yamemezela ukuthi izoqeda ukusekelwa kweFlash ngo-2020.

Ukuphila ngemva kokufa

Ukufa kweFlash lokhu akusona isizathu sokulila okukhulu. Sekuyiminyaka, i-plug-in yaziwa ngokuphahlazeka, ukudala ubungozi, nokwenza amawebhusayithi agcwale ngokungenasidingo. Nokho, abanye bayayidabukela iFlash. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekunovalo lokuthi ingobo yomlando yezithombe ezinyakazayo, imidlalo namawebhusayithi asebenzisanayo aqoqwe eminyakeni edlule azolahleka, njengokuthi "impumelelo" yabadlali ababedumile ku-Facebook eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Umdlalo wevidiyo weFarmVille (3) selokhu umthuthukisi wayo uZynga wayivala ekupheleni kuka-2020.

3. I-Farmville ingenye yemidlalo ye-flash edume kakhulu

Kulabo abadabukela i-Flash, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke okudaliwe okudalwe kuyo, isiqalo esijwayelekile sabathuthukisi siqoqwe kuphrojekthi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ruffle ithuthukiswe futhi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isofthiwe yokulingisa engadlala okuqukethwe kwe-Flash kusiphequluli sewebhu ngaphandle kwesidingo se-plug-in. Le software isetshenziswa kuwebhusayithi enikeza umlando we-inthanethi - I.ingobo yomlando ye-inthanethi.

Okomnikazi Ikhompyutha yeWindows indlela engcono kakhulu yokudala kabusha okuqukethwe okudala I-Flashpoint yi-Flashpoint, uhlelo lwamahhala olunokufinyelela kumidlalo ye-inthanethi engaphezu kuka-70 nemifanekiso engu-8, iningi layo elisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Flash. (Izinguqulo zokuhlola ze-Mac ne-Linux nazo ziyatholakala, kodwa kunzima ukuzisetha.) Inguqulo evamile yohlelo Iphoyinti le-Flash ikuvumela ukuthi ulande noma yimuphi umdlalo ngokufunwa ohlwini oluyinhloko, kodwa futhi ungalanda yonke ingobo yomlando ngesikhathi esisodwa uma unememori engu-532 GB.

I-FlashPoint isebenzisa i-Flash "projector" ezimele engafakiwe ekufakweni okujwayelekile kwe-Adobe futhi ayixhumeki ku-inthanethi, ngaphandle kwalapho igeyimu ilayishwa ukuze idlalwe. Emidlalweni edinga ukuxhumeka kumasayithi ayo omthombo, i-FlashPoint isebenzisa iseva elibamba lasendaweni elikhohlisa imidlalo ukuthi icabange ukuthi iku-inthanethi. Le nqubo iphephe kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-Flash ngendlela evamile, futhi ayizange ithintwe ukukhubaza ukwesekwa kwe-Flash kwe-Adobe. Olunye uhlelo "nostalgic", isihlahla se-conifer, ikuvumela ukuthi uqalise isiphequluli esine-Flash esidala kukhompuyutha ekude, ehlukanisa umsebenzisi kunoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka. Ihlinzekwa i-Rhizome, iqembu lamaciko eliyisebenzisela ngokuyinhloko ukudala ukusebenzelana ne-Flash illustration.

Izindawo Ezintsha Ezintsha ikhiphe i-Flash Player yayo ye-Windows, elayisha ngokuvikelekile okuqukethwe okuvela kusayithi yayo, ngakho-ke usenolwazi olugcwele lokusebenzisa kahle i-Newgrounds inikezwe ilayisense yi-Adobe ukusabalalisa enye yezinguqulo zohlelo. Flash Player naphezu kokuphela kokusebenza kwayo.

Kufanele kwengezwe ukuthi, ngobuchwepheshe, i-Flash njengesixazululo sokuthuthukisa izoqhubeka nokusebenza. Ithuluzi lokuthuthukisa i-Flash liyingxenye yohlelo I-Adobe Animatekuyilapho injini enikezelayo iyingxenye yohlelo I-Adobe AIRizothathwa yinkampani yakwa-Enterprise electronics, i-Harman International, ukuze iqhubeke nokulungiswa njengoba isaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yamabhizinisi.