Fisker Karma 2011 Obzor
Uma uHenrik Fisker ethola indlela yakhe, imoto yezinkanyezi zaseHollywood eziqaphela imvelo izoba imoto yakhe entsha kagesi. Kuthiwani ngeToyota Prius, edume ngokufana noGeorge Clooney noJulia Roberts? Nah, kuyisicefe kakhulu. Futhi i-Chevy Volt? Entula isitayela.
Zitholele i-Fisker Karma entsha, imoto kagesi yokuqala emhlabeni enebanga elide. Futhi-ke, le nsizwa enamakhono amaningi yayisesimweni esiyingqayizivele.
I-limousine yaseMelika entsha ayigabisi nje kuphela ngokunethezeka kwezinga le-Mercedes kanye nokubamba okusezingeni le-BMW esongwe ngengaphandle elibushelelezi elifanele ibheji ye-Maserati, futhi iziqhayisa ngokusebenza okuvumelana kakhulu nemvelo.
Ngamandla angu-300kW, le sedan enezihlalo ezi-4 enezicabha ezi-4 ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-CO02 ehlanzekile nemayela elingcono kune-Prius. Futhi siseNingizimu California libalele ukuze sisingathe izinhlelo zokuqala.
Pho lenzeka kanjani leli phuzu lokuncenga? Ngo-2005, isikhulu esiphezulu senkampani eyazalelwa eDenmark uHenrik Fisker kanye nozakwabo kwezamabhizinisi uBernhard Köhler baqala ukubuyisela izinto ezishintshwayo zeMercedes neBMW kwaFisker Coachbuild, kwaze kwaba umhlangano wethuba neQuantum Technologies washintsha yonke into. Uhulumeni unikeze enye inkampani yamandla inkontileka yokwakha imoto "eyimfihlo" yamasosha ase-US engahlehliswa ngemuva kwemigqa yezitha, iqhubekele phambili kuphela "ngemodi yobuqili" kagesi bese ihlehla inikwe amandla.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi sihambe phambili, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi uFisker akagcini nje ngokuhola inkampani njenge-CEO yayo. Yena, kuvela, futhi ungumklami oyinhloko. Futhi uma ubheka ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wangaphambilini uhlanganise ukwakhiwa kwe-Aston Martin DB9, i-V8 Vantage kanye ne-BMW Z8, kulula ukubona ukuthi i-flash yedizayini ye-Karma yaseYurophu yavelaphi. Ngamacebo athile omklamo avela kwa-Aston Martin kanye ne-Maserati, okuvelayo kokuqala ukuthi le moto ingase ibe i-sedan enhle kakhulu ebhalwe emhlabathini waseMelika kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-70s.
Kodwa-ke, i-sheet metal iwuqweqwe oluncane lwekhekhe. Okufakwe ku-chassis ye-Karma aluminium spaceframe eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iphusha imingcele ye-electric vehicle drivetrain. Imoto, ethuthukiswe ngokubambisana ne-Quantum Technologies, isebenzisa i-powertrain ephefumulelwe izimoto zamasosha ezicashile esizishilo ngenhla: ama-twin 150kW amamotho kagesi angemuva kanye nebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Ngemva kokukhipha ibhethri, ngemva kwebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-80, injini engu-4-cylinder 255-litre turbocharged kaphethiloli ene-2.0 hp. ekhiqizwa yi-GM ishayela ijeneretha eshaja kabusha amabhethri. Isilungiselelo sikaFisker esinelungelo lobunikazi elithi "EVer" (Imoto Enwetshiwe Yokuhamba Ngogesi) siqinisekisa ibanga elingafika ku-80 km emotweni kagesi iyodwa kanye nebanga elingu-400 km elinenjini, ingqikithi yebanga elingaphezu kuka-480 km.
Kuthrekhi, kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi iqembu likaFisker lalizimisele. Chofoza inkinobho yokuqala, khetha u-D ephiramidi encane ye-PRNDL ku-centre console, futhi imoto izokufaka kumodi ezenzakalelayo noma ye-EV-only "Stealth". Unenketho yokuqhweba uhlaka ukuze ukhethe "Ezemidlalo" futhi uvule injini ukuze uthole amandla engeziwe, kodwa okwengeziwe ngalokho kamuva.
Ngesikhathi singena emzileni ngesivinini esingu-30km/h, siqaphele (njengoba kwenza iNissan Leaf) ukuthi uFisker ufake umsindo wokwenziwa ukuze uxwayise abahamba ngezinyawo ngokuba khona kweKarma. Phola. Sabe sesicindezela i-gas pedal. I-torque engu-100% etholakala ngokushesha. Lokho kungu-1330 Nm we-torque, isibalo esisithwe yi-Bugatti Veyron enamandla kuphela. Akukona ukusheshiswa kweziqhumane, kodwa kuyashesha ngokwanele ukujabulisa abashayeli abaningi. Yize iKarma inesisindo esingaphusile esingu-2 tons, kodwa ijubane layo eliphezulu ligcina ku-100 km/h ngemizuzwana engu-7.9 kanti ijubane layo eliphezulu ligcina ku-155 km/h (in Stealth mode).
Kuthathe umzuliswano owodwa kuphela ukuzungeza umjikelezo womgwaqo ozinikele ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-Karma iphathwa njengemoto yezemidlalo enekhono. Ukumiswa kwe-double wishbone enezingalo ze-aluminium efojiwe kanye nokushaqeka kwangemuva okuzilungisayo kusiza i-Fisker EV ithathe indawo yokuqala ekilasini layo lokuphatha emgwaqweni. Ikhona licijile futhi linembayo, linesiteringi esinesisindo esihle futhi cishe alikho ngaphansi komkhawulo.
I-extra-long wheelbase (3.16m), ithrekhi ebanzi yangaphambili nangemuva, indawo ephansi ye-gravity kanye namathayi amakhulu angu-22 inch we-Goodyear Eagle F1 asebenzisana kahle ukugcina i-Karma flat emakhoneni kuyilapho ibangela ukugoqeka okuncane komzimba ngaphansi kwe-braking. Uhlobo lokubamba lubalulekile, kodwa ingemuva lizoshelela futhi kube lula ukulibamba. Oh yebo, futhi i-47/53 yesisindo sayo esingaphambili nengemuva ngeke ilimaze isibalo sokubamba.
Inkinga esasinayo kwakunomsindo. Ukucindezela umoya nomsindo womgwaqo kusetshenziswe kahle. Eqinisweni, zifakwe kahle kangangokuthi ungezwa imisindo evela emzimbeni njengoba imoto ijika emakhoneni. Manje ukuthi siphinde sishayele nge-silent Stealth mode kubukeka sengathi kwenza le misindo ibe mibi kakhulu size siguqule isiteringi sisuke ku-Stealth siye ku-Sport. Kungazelelwe, ukuthula kunqanyulwa injini, ephila nomsindo we-exhaust onomsindo omkhulu, uphuma ebomvu emapayipini angemuva nje kwamasondo angaphambili.
Into yokuqala ozoyiqaphela, ngaphandle komsindo we-exhaust ozwakalayo kanye nekhwela le-turbo, amandla engeziwe. I-alternator ene-injini ayishajeli ibhethri kuphela, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, ekwandisa ukusheshisa ngo-20-25%. Lokhu kushintshela kuSport mode manje kwenza imoto ikwazi ukusuka ku-zero iye ku-100 km/h ngemizuzwana engu-5.9, kanti ijubane layo eliphezulu linyukela ku-200 km/h.
I-Brembo 6-piston brake system enama-piston angu-4 ngemuva, idonsa ngamandla futhi imelana nokugqokwa. Ukuqina kwe-brake pedal kuqinile futhi kuyaqhubeka, kuyilapho ukucindezela isigwedlo esingakwesokudla kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imodi ye-Hill futhi ukhethe kumaleveli amathathu okubhuleka okuvuselelayo, isici esilingisa imiphumela ye-downshifting.
Ukufakwa kwezigidi ezingu-529 zamaRandi okuvela eMnyangweni wezaMandla kwamvumela ukuthi athenge imboni yangaphambili ye-GM eDelaware, lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona imoto elandelayo, i-Nina eshibhile futhi ehlangene kakhudlwana. Kuzophinde kuvumele u-Fisker ukuthi andise endikimbeni yakhe "yokunethezeka okunomthwalo wemfanelo", nale nkampani eluhlaza isebenzisa izinkuni ezibuyisiwe ezivela emlilweni waseCalifornia futhi kusukela phansi kweLake Michigan, kanye nesikhumba esonakele.
Okunye okusha yisikhungo somyalo sikaFisker ku-centre console. Inesikrini esikhulu esingu-10.2 inch force-feedback touchscreen esifaka phakathi zonke izilawuli zemoto. Futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhungo somyalo singabonisa ukugeleza kwamandla, okuhlanganisa amandla avela kumaphaneli elanga ophahleni angakhiqiza amandla anele okushayela imoto 300 km ngonyaka.
Idalwe eceleni kwePorsche Caymans eFinland, iKarma ingase ikhishwe eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kodwa izimpawu zicacile. Yenziwe kuphela kudrayivu engakwesokunxele, imodeli yokuqala ye-Fisker ngeke ibone ugu lwethu. Kuzodingeka silinde imoto yakhe elandelayo kagesi, i-Nina encane, okulindeleke ngabo-2013. Ukushayela kwethu okufushane kwasenza saqiniseka ukuthi i-Karma inezinzuzo eziningi, kusukela ekubukekeni okumangalisayo, ubunjiniyela obuchwepheshile obuhlukile, ukuphatha okumangalisayo kanye nesitimela samandla esivumelana nemvelo esibeka izindinganiso ezintsha ekukhiqizweni kwe-CO2 namamayela. Ukukhala kwangaphakathi okuzwakalayo nomsindo wokukhipha umoya omkhulu kudinga ukulungiswa, kodwa lokhu kufanele kuxazululwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Iqiniso lokuthi le moto engu-$3,000 (inani eliyisisekelo) isivele ithole ama-oda angaphezu kuka-96,850 ibonisa imakethe engase ibe khona kumakhasimende kusukela kubathengi be-Porsche ne-Mercedes kuya kubathandi be-eco-driving njengoLeonardo noCameron , uGeorge noJulia noBrad noTom. Hmmm, ngiyazibuza ukuthi ubani ozoba ngowokuqala ukuhamba kukhaphethi obomvu ngobusuku be-Academy ngemodi eyimfihlo.
