Isikhathi samathangi angavamile
Isikhathi samathangi angavamile
Amathangi okuqala abhalwe uMark I asetshenziswa ekulweni ngo-1916 amaNgisi eMpini YaseSomme ukuze asekele amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo. Ukuhlasela kwethangi kokuqala okukhulu kwenzeka ngesikhathi seMpi yaseCambrai ngo-1917. Ngesikhathi sokugubha iminyaka engu-XNUMX kwalezi zenzakalo, ake ngethule amamodeli angaziwa kancane nemiqondo yamathangi - imiklamo eyingqayizivele neyindida.
Izimoto zokuqala ezihlome ngezikhali zangempela kwakuyizimoto ezihlomile ezakhiwe eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, imvamisa zihlome ngesibhamu somshini noma inganono ekhanyayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezimotweni ezinkulu nezisindayo, inani lezikhali nezinga eliphezulu liyenyuka. Ngaleso sikhathi, babeshesha futhi bevikela kahle izisebenzi ekuqhumeni kwezibhamu neziqhumane. Kodwa-ke, babe ne-drawback ephawulekayo: basebenze kabi kakhulu noma abazange basebenze nhlobo.
ngaphandle kwemigwaqo egandayiwe...
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1914, eGreat Britain, kwenziwa imizamo yokuqinisekisa izikhulu zeHhovisi Lezempi LaseBrithani ngesidingo sokwakha izimoto zokulwa ezihlomile, ezihlome ngezikhali ezisekelwe kogandaganda bokulima bamacimbi. Imizamo yokuqala kule ndlela yenziwa ngo-1911 (ngu-Austrian Gunther Burstyn kanye ne-Australian Lancelot de Molay), kodwa ayizange ibonwe abenzi bezinqumo. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kwasebenza, kwathi ngemva konyaka abaseBrithani, uLieutenant Colonel Ernest Swinton, uMajor Walter Gordon Wilson noWilliam Tritton, baklama futhi bakha i-prototype yethangi lika-Little Willie (Little Willie), kanye nemisebenzi ngokwayo - ukufihla. zazifihlwe ngaphansi kwegama lekhodi elithi Tank. Leli gama lisasetshenziswa ezilimini eziningi ukuchaza ithangi.
Endleleni yokuvela komqondo kuze kube nguJanuwari 1916, ama-prototypes amathangi anjengedayimane aziwa kakhulu uMark I (Big Willie, Big Willy) akhiwa futhi avivinywa ngempumelelo. Babengabokuqala ukubamba iqhaza eMpini YaseSomme ngoSepthemba 1916, baphinde baba ngolunye lwezimpawu zokubamba iqhaza kweBrithani eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala. Amathangi kaMark I kanye nabalandela akhiqizwa ezinguqulweni ezimbili: "owesilisa" (Owesilisa), ehlome ngezibhamu ezi-2 nezibhamu ezi-3 (2 x 57 mm no-3 x 8 mm Hotchkiss) kanye "nowesifazane" (Owesifazane), ehlome nge-5 izibhamu zomshini (1 x 8 mm Hotchkiss kanye 4 x 7,7 mm Vickers), kodwa ezinguqulweni ezalandela, imininingwane yezikhali yashintsha.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Mark I zinesisindo esihlanganisiwe samathani angama-27 namathani angama-28, ngokulandelana; isici sabo sesici sasiyigobolondo elincane, elilenga phakathi kwezakhiwo ezinkulu ezimise okwedayimane ezinama-sponson ahlomile emaceleni, ayehlanganiswe ngokuphelele amacimbi. Isambatho sokuzivikela esihlanjululwe sasingu-6 kuya ku-12 mm ubukhulu futhi sivikelwe kuphela emlilweni wesibhamu. Isistimu yokushayela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ehlanganisa injini ye-Daimler-Knight engu-16-cylinder enamandla angu-105 hp. kanye namasethi amabili ka-gearbox nama-clutches, kwakudinga abantu abane ukuthi basebenze - ingqikithi yabasebenzi abangu-4 - 8 kuthrekhi ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, ithangi lalilikhulu kakhulu (ubude obuyi-2 m "nomsila" osiza ukulawula nokunqoba imisele, ububanzi obuyi-9,92 m nama-sponsons no-4,03 m ukuphakama) nesivinini esiphansi (isivinini esiphezulu sifika ku-2,44 km / h), kodwa kwakuyindlela ephumelelayo yokusekela amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo. Kwalethwa amathangi angu-6 Mark I, futhi amamodeli amaningi, amaningi alandela ukuthuthukiswa kwawo.
