Ukugibela kwe-Electrochemical - "Engasebenzi" zinc

I-Zinc ibhekwa njengensimbi esebenzayo. Amandla ajwayelekile angemahle aphakamisa ukuthi izosabela ngobudlova ngama-asidi, isuse i-hydrogen kuwo. Ukwengeza, njengensimbi ye-amphoteric, iphinde ihlangane nezisekelo ukwenza usawoti oyinkimbinkimbi ohambisanayo. Kodwa-ke, i-zinc ehlanzekile imelana kakhulu nama-acids nama-alkali. Isizathu ukutholakala okukhulu kwe-hydrogen evolution ebusweni bale nsimbi. Ukungcola kwe-Zinc kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwama-microcell e-galvanic futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuqedwa kwawo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala uzodinga: i-hydrochloric acid HCl, ipuleti le-zinc nocingo lwethusi (isithombe 1). Sifaka ipuleti esitsheni sePetri esigcwele i-dilute hydrochloric acid (isithombe 2), bese sifaka ucingo lwethusi kuso (isithombe 3), okuyinto i-HCl ngokusobala ayithinti. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-hydrogen ikhishwa ngamandla endaweni yethusi (izithombe 4 no-5), futhi amabhamuza egesi ambalwa kuphela angabonwa ku-zinc. Isizathu siwukugcwala okukhulu okukhulu kwe-hydrogen evolution ku-zinc, enkulu kakhulu kunethusi. Izinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe zifinyelela amandla afanayo ngokuphathelene nesisombululo se-asidi, kodwa i-hydrogen ihlukaniswa kalula phezu kwensimbi nge-overvoltage ephansi - ithusi. Kuseli elakhiwe igalvanic elinama-electrode e-Zn Cu amafushane, i-zinc iyi-anode:

(-) Izimfuneko: Zn⁰ → zinc²⁺ +2e^-

futhi i-hydrogen iyancipha ku-cathode yethusi:

(+) Isikhathi: 2h⁺ +2e^- → N₂­

ukuhlanganisa ndawonye zombili izilinganiso zezinqubo ze-electrode, sithola irekhodi lokusabela kokuchithwa kwe-zinc ku-asidi:

I-Zinc + 2H⁺ → zinc²⁺ + H₂­

Ekuhlolweni okulandelayo, sizosebenzisa isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide, ipuleti le-zinc nesipikili sensimbi (isithombe 6). Njengasesivivinyweni sangaphambilini, ipuleti le-zinc lifakwa kusixazululo se-NaOH esihlanjululwe esitsheni sePetri bese kufakwa isipikili kuso (insimbi ayiyona insimbi ye-amphoteric futhi ayiphenduli ngama-alkali). Umphumela wokuhlolwa uyafana - i-hydrogen ikhishwa ebusweni bezipikili, futhi ipuleti le-zinc limbozwe amabhamuza ambalwa kuphela wegesi (izithombe 7 no-8). Isizathu salokhu kuziphatha kwesistimu ye-Zn-Fe futhi ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-hydrogen evolution ku-zinc, enkulu kakhulu kune-iron. Futhi kulokhu kuhlolwa, i-zinc iyi-anode:

(-) Izimfuneko: Zn⁰ → zinc²⁺ +2e^-

futhi ku-iron cathode amanzi ayancipha:

(+) Isikhathi: 2h₂O + 2e^- → N₂+ 2 ON^-

Ukwengeza kokubili izilinganiso ezinhlangothini futhi kucatshangelwa indlela yokusabela kwe-alkaline, sithola irekhodi lenqubo yokuchithwa kwe-zinc ngokomgomo (i-tetrahydroxyincide anions kwakhiwa):

Zinc + 2OH^- + 2 amahora₂O → [Zn(OH)₄]^2- + H₂