Abasebenza ngogesi banqoba iNtshonalanga

Uma ubheka nje ukunyuka kokudayiswa kwezimoto zikagesi emazweni acebile aseNtshonalanga, ubuyoba nobunzima bokumelana nokukhula komdlandla kagesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le "nguquko" ibangelwa kakhulu uxhaso lukahulumeni, futhi ngenxa yokuthi sikhuluma ngamazwe acebile.

Idrayivu yemoto kagesi - endala kunenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngenxa yokuthi izicelo zayo zokuqala zavela ku-XNUMXs - ibijabulela ukuvuselelwa eminyakeni yamuva. Yiqiniso, abagxeki bathi ngenxa nje yokwenyuka kwamanani entengo kaphethiloli owuketshezi, akunakwenzeka ukungaqapheli intuthuko enkulu yezobuchwepheshe eyenziwe muva nje ngokuhamba kukagesi. Amanani emvelo wezimoto zikagesi (EVs) nawo abalulekile.

Umfutho onamandla wokuthuthukiswa kokuhamba kukagesi kwakuyisinqumo sakamuva sika-Elon Musk, i-CEO ye-Tesla, ukunikeza imoto kagesi ngentengo engabizi. Isonto lonke, ukuthengiswa kokuqala kwe-Model 3 kufana nezinkulungwane ezingama-325. abantu bafake ku-akhawunti yenkampani inani lokuqala lezimbobo eziyi-1. U-Musk uvumile ukuthi ukubala kulungiselelwe ngesisekelo sokuhlaziywa okubeka inani lentengo eliphakathi lemoto yesine yalo mkhiqizi ku-42 3. umgodi. Inguqulo eshibhe kakhulu ye-Model 35 izobiza ama-ruble angu-30. umgodi. (leli inani elimaphakathi lokuthenga imoto entsha e-US), okuthi ngemva kokudonsa inkokhiso ephakeme kakhulu enikelwe ukuthengwa kwemoto kagesi, linikeze inani nakanjani elingaphansi kwe-PLN XNUMX XNUMX. umgodi.

Ngo-ecstasy, u-Tesla umemezele ukuthi isonto lokuqala lika-April 2016 lizokhunjulwa njengesikhathi lapho izimoto zikagesi zaba umkhiqizo omkhulu. I-Model 3 kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukukhiqizwa ekupheleni kuka-2017, kodwa sekuyaziwa ukuthi ngokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zentuthuko zamanje zenkampani, ingxenye enkulu yamakhasimende kuzodingeka ilinde omunye unyaka, noma ngisho neminyaka emibili, imoto iyathengiswa. aphakanyiswe. Ngakho u-Elon Musk uqinisekise ngokusemthethweni ukuthi uTesla waqala ukufuna izindlela zokwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza.

Ukuphumelela ngosizo lombuso

Cishe wonke abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu njengamanje bathuthukisa lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe. Inani lezimoto zikagesi ezithengiswa emhlabeni wonke likhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuze kube manje, iNissan isaqhubeka nokuba nezimoto ezithengiswa kakhulu ngemodeli yeLeaf.

Ngokwezibikezelo ezishicilelwe ngoMashi nonyaka yinkampani yocwaningo yaseBrithani iFrost & Sullivan, ngemuva kuka-2020, izimoto zikagesi eziyizigidi eziyishumi okulindeleke ukuba zibe semigwaqweni yomhlaba. Ngaleso sikhathi, izimoto eziluhlaza zizobalelwa cishe i-1/3 yezimoto ezithengiswa ezimakethe ezithuthukisiwe kanye ne-1/5 emadolobheni omhlaba asathuthuka. Isikhungo socwaningo samazwe ngamazwe i-Navigant Research ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2023, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kuzoba ngu-2,4% wokudayiswa kwezimoto ezizayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokulandelayo, imakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke ingaqopha ukukhula kokuthengiswa kusuka ezigidini ezingama-2,7 ngo-2014 kuya ezigidini ezi-6,4 ngo-2023.

ICensuswide ijube iGo Ultra Low, umkhankaso wokugqugquzela ukuthengwa kwezimoto ezinekhabhoni ephansi, ucwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi intsha yaseNtshonalanga eneminyaka engu-14 kuya ku-17 ihlela ukuthenga imoto kagesi njengemoto yayo yokuqala. Okungenani abayisishiyagalombili kwabayishumi abaneminyaka engu-81 ubudala - 50% ukuba babe ncamashi - bafuna imoto kagesi. Yize leli phesenti lehla kancane ngokwenyuka kweminyaka yabaphendulile, lisahleli lingaphezulu kuka-XNUMX%.

E-UK, isilinganiso sezimoto zikagesi ze-2016 zabhaliswa nsuku zonke engxenyeni yokuqala ka-115. Lona umphumela omuhle kakhulu kusukela ngoJanuwari 2011, lapho uhulumeni wasekhaya enquma ukweseka ukudayiswa kwalolu hlobo lwemoto ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lomxhaso. Inani lezimoto zikagesi ezithengwe ngoxhaso eziqhingini lidlula i-60. I-UK isiphenduke imakethe enkulu yalesi sigaba, nakuba isala ngemuva kweNetherlands encane mayelana nokubhaliswa.

Lokhu kungenxa yokwethulwa komthetho ozovumela izimoto zikagesi kuphela ukuthi zinikezwe emakethe yaseDutch kusukela ngo-2025. Ulwazi mayelana nalokhu lunikezwe iwebhusayithi csmonitor.com. Lo mbono uhlongozwe yiLabour Party yendawo, okusalungiswa kwayo okuhlinzekela ukuvinjelwa kokwethulwa kwezimoto ezinophethiloli nezinjini zikadizili emakethe yasekhaya kusukela ngo-2025. Izimoto ezinalolu hlobo lokushayela, ebezizobhaliswa ngesikhathi kwethulwa ukuvinjelwa, zingahlala zisebenza futhi “zife” ngokuthula.

Lapho uthenga izimoto zikagesi, amaDashi angakwazi ukubala, ikakhulukazi, ekukhululweni ezintela zomgwaqo nezokubhalisa (kufika ku-5,3 ayizinkulungwane zama-euro esewonke kubantu ngabanye kanye nama-euro ayizinkulungwane ezingu-19 ezinkampanini eminyakeni emine yokuqala yokusetshenziswa). Umnikelo ohehayo ulindele abanikazi bezinkampani ezidilivayo nabashayeli bamatekisi abanquma ukuguqula imoto enenjini yakudala ibe yimoto kagesi. Lapho uthenga imoto enjalo, bazothola inkokhiso efika kuma-euro angu-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi zaseRotterdam zingasebenzisa izindawo zokupaka enkabeni yedolobha mahhala unyaka wonke ngemva kokubhalisa imoto. Ukufinyelela kumatheminali ashaja ngokushesha ezweni lonke nakho kumahhala.

IGermany ilinganisela ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2020 kuzoba nezimoto zikagesi ezilinganiselwa esigidini emigwaqeni. Ukuze kufezwe lo mgomo, ngo-2010 kwethulwa uhlelo olukhethekile lukahulumeni lokukhuthaza izimoto ezikhipha umoya omncane emigwaqweni yaseJalimane. Le phrojekthi ihlinzeka, phakathi kokunye: ukukhululwa enteleni yomgwaqo yonyaka yezimoto zikagesi nama-plug-in hybrids isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu kusukela ngosuku lokubhaliswa kokuqala (ePoland intela enjalo ifakiwe enanini likaphethiloli), isizakala. yesilinganiso sentela esikhethekile salabo abasebenzisa ibhizinisi lezimoto ngezinjongo zomuntu siqu, kanye nokwanda okunamandla kwenethiwekhi yeziteshi ezishaja ngokushesha ezweni lonke.

I-Norway iyizwe lapho izimoto zikagesi ziqondiswe ngendlela ehlukile - ngonyaka odlule, kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-5, kakade bekukhona i-50 yazo. izimoto zikagesi ezibhalisiwe. Abantu baseNorway abashayela izimoto zikagesi abakhokhi intela yokuthenga imoto (okuhlanganisa ne-VAT), intela yomgwaqo yonyaka, nezindleko zokupaka nezomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangasebenzisa imizila yamabhasi.

Ngokufanayo, uhulumeni uklomelisa abaseSweden ngokusebenzisa izimoto zikagesi. Lapho uthenga imoto kagesi, bakhululwa ngokuzenzekelayo enteleni yokuthutha yonyaka iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala ngemva kokubhaliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi nezikhungo zaseSweden zingathembela kuxhaso lwe-PLN 40 18,5. ama-kroons (cishe ama-zloty ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40) ukuze kuthengwe "abasebenza ngogesi". Inzuzo yesithathu iwukuncishiswa kwentela ngo-XNUMX% uma usebenzisa imoto yenkampani ngezinjongo zomuntu siqu.

Amanye amazwe ase-Europe nawo aseqalile ukugxila ekufakeni ugesi embonini yezimoto. Abantu base-Ireland nabaseRomania bafika kwabangu-5 lapho bethenga imoto ekhipha umoya omncane. i-co-financing ngama-euro, abaseBrithani bafika kumaphawundi angu-5, abaseSpain bafika kuma-euro ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6, amaFulentshi afinyelela kuma-euro ayizinkulungwane ezingu-7, kanti izakhamuzi zaseMonaco zifinyelela kuma-euro ayizinkulungwane ezingu-9.

Njengoba ubona, ukwanda kwenani lezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kubangelwa kakhulu uxhaso. E-Poland, lapho uxhaso lubi kakhulu, izimoto ezingamakhulu amaningana zalolu hlobo zithengiswa minyaka yonke. Lokhu kungaphansi ngokuphindwe kayisishiyagalolunye kunaseJalimane. Okokuqala, sidinga ukwandisa inethiwekhi yokushaja. Njengamanje, sinamaphuzu anjalo angaba ngu-150 ezweni.

Ama-pantographs wesikhathi esizayo

Inguquko kagesi isekelwe ocwaningweni nasekusesheni izixazululo ezintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, abaseSweden basanda kuqala ukuhlola iloli lokuqala likagesi. Amamodeli anama-pantograph azohlolwa eminyakeni emibili ezayo engxenyeni engamakhilomitha amabili yomgwaqo u-E16 enyakatho yeStockholm. Lezi zimoto eziwuhlobo lwe-hybrid zakhiwe ngabakwaScania kanti manje sebesebenzisana nabakwaSiemens ukuzifanisa nokudonsa.

Iloli ye-scania ene-pantograph

Isikhathi sokufunda seminyaka emibili siwukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo, olubizwa nge-E-Highway, luzonwebeka futhi lube yisixazululo esisebenzayo esikhathini esizayo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi uhlelo ngokwamandla kufanele lusebenze ngokuphindwe kabili kunalolu olusetshenziswa njengamanje. Isici sayo esiyinhloko i-pantograph ehlakaniphile ehlanganiswe ne-hybrid drive, eyivumela ukuthi ihambe ngesivinini esifika ku-90 km/h. Lesi yisixazululo esisekelwe kukho kokubili ibhethri negesi yesistimu ye-hybrid drive yeloli, ukuze imoto ikwazi ukuhamba ngisho noma inqanyuliwe emugqeni ongaphezulu.

I-Siemens isebenza ohlelweni olufanayo eCalifornia ngokubambisana neVolvo. Ngo-2017, amaloli anengqalasizinda yokudonsa yomgwaqo omkhulu kagesi osafufusa azohlolwa eduze kwamachweba aseLos Angeles naseLong Beach.

Izimoto ze-Ground Rapid Transport ezihloselwe izakhamuzi zaseSingapore.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, i-Singapore-based SMRT Services (inkampani ethwala umphakathi yesibili ngobukhulu emakethe yendawo), kanye nozakwabo waseDashi i-2 Getthere Holding, iletha amatekisi kagesi azimele ngokugcwele emigwaqweni yaseSingapore, ngaleyo ndlela ithatha eyokuqala. indawo. umnyakazo wokushintsha ngokuphelele indlela abantu abahamba ngayo. Azohambisana nengqalasizinda ekhona yezokuthutha zomphakathi, okukuvumela ukuthi ufike lapho uya khona ngaphandle kokudluliselwa. Izinqola ze-GRT (Ground Rapid Transport) zifana namabhasi amancane. Izicabha ezizenzakalelayo ezibanzi nhlangothi zombili zemoto zivumela ushintsho olusheshayo lwabagibeli. Ingaphakathi elenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo lingakwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abangafika kwezi-24 kanye nezikhundla zokuma. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngenxa yesistimu ye-GRT uzokwazi ukuthutha abagibeli abangafika kwabayi-8 ngehora, ngesivinini esiphezulu se-40 km / h.

Iyashaja ayifaki amafutha

Izizukulwane ezilandelayo zezimoto zikagesi zifana nezimoto ezivuthayo ezivamile ngokuya ngokusebenza. I-assortment yabo iyathuthuka, okwakukhulunywa ngayo futhi kusakhulunywa ngayo njengenye yezinkinga ngokombono wabathengi abangahle. I-Tesla Model S ivumela, isibonelo, ukushayela cishe amakhilomitha angama-500 ngaphandle kokushaja. Ngakho-ke, uma ukumbozwa kungaseyona inkinga, kuyini?

Lapho igeji likaphethiloli noma likadizili libonisa uphethiloli ophansi, siyama esiteshini futhi ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa singaphinde sishayele. Ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi, lapho amandla eshoda lapho sishayela, kufanele sizibekele isikhathi sokuphumula isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuthatha amahora amaningi ukugcwalisa amabhethri ku-100%.

Nokho, kukhona imibono yokuthi amabhethri akufanele ashajwe kabusha, kodwa ashintshwe, okuzonciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphumula, kodwa kuze kube manje lezi ziyizixazululo ze-prototype. Futhi zidinga abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlele kabusha imiqondo yokuklama ukuze inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni ingadli isikhathi esiningi futhi ihluphe. Kumakholomu wezindaba zobuchwepheshe, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nemibiko yezixazululo "eziguqukayo" ezinciphisa izikhathi zokushaja kwebhethri zibe imizuzu embalwa. Kodwa-ke, njengoba abasebenzisi bama-smartphones, athandwa kakhulu kunezimoto zikagesi, bazi kahle, izindlela ezinjalo zokushaja okusheshayo azikakabonwa emakethe yabathengi.

Ibhande Lokudonsa - Iyalayisha

Kwesinye isikhathi imibono yochwepheshe iqhubekela phambili, ibheke ekushajweni okungenantambo ngisho nasezixazululweni ezifana nemigwaqo edonsa ngogesi ezokwazi ukuqhubekisela phambili izimoto. I-Qualcomm isinesikhathi eside isebenza kuphrojekthi yokushaja imoto engenantambo (WEVC) isikhathi eside. Isebenzisana neziphathimandla zase-UK, ihhovisi likaMeya waseLondon kanye ne-ejensi ebhekele ezokuthutha. Nokho, ukuqaliswa kwezixazululo ezinjalo kuwukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukagesi wezimoto luzoba yingxenye yengqalasizinda yemigwaqo yomphakathi lapha.

Eminyakeni embalwa nje

I-Faraday Future ethathwa njengeqhudelana naye enkulukazi yakwaTesla Motors, ithole imvume yokuhlola isibonelo sayo semoto kagesi ezimele emigwaqweni yaseCalifornia. Abaphathi bakhe banethemba lokuthi ngonyaka ozayo bazoqala ukukhiqiza nokudayisa izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, kodwa azikho izinhlelo zezimoto ezizimele esezidaluliwe okwamanje.

2016 Faraday Future FFZERO1 - Concept Car

I-Faraday Future ingesinye seziqalo eziningi ezixhaswe ngamaShayina ezifuna ukuncintisana noTesla emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi zesimanje. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, inkampani ayizimisele ukuveza noma yimiphi imininingwane mayelana nohlelo lokushayela oluzimele ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo luzohlinzeka ngezithuthukisi ezifana nalezo ezinikezwe uTesla. I-Faraday Future akuyona ukuphela kwenkampani engahlola izimoto zayo emigwaqweni yaseCalifornia. Imvume efanayo inikezwe abanye abancintisana nabo abayishumi nantathu embonini, okuhlanganisa iTesla, Nissan, Volkswagen, Ford, Honda, Mercedes-Benz kanye neBMW.

Abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bamemezela izizukulwane ezintsha zamamodeli ezimoto zikagesi, abalinga abathengi ngezindlela ezahlukene. NgoDisemba, iPorsche ikuqinisekisile ukuthi itshale imali engaphezu kuka-$3,5 billion ukuvula izintambo zokukhiqiza ezizokhiqiza izimoto zokuqala zikagesi emlandweni womkhiqizo. I-Mission E - Shesha ufike "ekhulwini" ngemizuzwana engu-80 futhi ufakwe umsebenzi okuvumela ukuthi ushaje ibhethri ngo-15% ngemizuzu engu-6 nje. Abakwa-Audi bahlela ukuqala ukukhiqiza iSUV yabo kagesi yakamuva, i-2018 Audi Q500, ekuqaleni konyaka. I-prototype, eyethulwe eBrussels, ifakwe amamotho kagesi amathathu namabhethri, anele ibanga elingaphezu kuka-2018 km. AbakwaMercedes bahlela ukukhipha iSUV yokuqala yebanga elide ngaphambi kuka-2020. Ngo-500, inkampani ihlela ukunikela ngezinhlobo ezine zezimoto zikagesi. AbakwaMercedes bazokwethula i-prototype yokuqala embukisweni wezimoto iParis ngo-Okthoba ozohamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-XNUMX, ngokusho kweReuters.

I-Porsche Mission E - ukubuka kuqala

Kukhona nemoto yakwa-Apple ecishe ibe “yedume”, i-iCar, nakuba namanje akwaziwa ukuthi izobukeka kanjani nokuthi le nkampani izobheja yini emakethe yezimoto zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi i-Apple ibisebenza kanzima ifuna onjiniyela abanamakhono nochwepheshe abahlobene nama-autopilots. Abezindaba baseJalimane baphinde bathi imoto ye-Apple izovela emigwaqweni yaseJalimane ekuqaleni kuka-2019 no-2020. Okwamanje, ukukhuluma komkhiqizi wezingxenye zezimoto iMagna International njengozakwethu wokuklama izimoto kusho lukhulu ngenqubekelaphambili yalo msebenzi.

Njengoba ungabona, emhlabeni wezimoto zikagesi, sinemiqondo eminingi enesibindi, izimemezelo eziningi, ukuthengisa okuphelele kakhulu okuxhaswe nguhulumeni, kanye nemikhawulo embalwa yobuchwepheshe okusamele kubhekwane nayo ngendlela egculisayo. Ngakho ungabona umkhathizwe, kodwa futhi inkungu ezungezile.

Ukuhlola amaloli kagesi eSweden:

Amalungiselelo okugcina okwakhiwa komgwaqo osebenza ngogesi wokuqala emhlabeni