Ngabe izimoto zikagesi nezehybrid zizothatha indawo yezimoto ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli?

Uyayikhumbula i-Melex enhle izisebenzi zokuphatha eziyisebenzise ukulungisa umpompi ovuzayo? Ngiseyingane ngangihlale ngizibuza ukuthi kungani iFiat enkulu kababa ibhema ibanga umsindo kodwa iMelex yakho ishayela buthule.

Mina nabangane bami sasingaqondi ukuthi kungani imoto kababa ingaxhunywanga futhi uMelex akazange aye egalaji likaphethiloli. Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe eminyakeni eyi-15-20, izingane ngeke zisaba nayo le nkinga. Bazothula bedlalisa iziphethu esikhundleni sokulingisa imisindo yenjini.

Ama-motors amabili

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, ubuchwepheshe be-hybrid babubonakala bungafinyeleleki. Imizamo yobuthuntu yokwakha izimoto ezixubile ayizange ilethe imiphumela ebilindelekile. Izindleko eziphakeme zezinhlelo zokushayela zokwakha azizange ziholele ekushayeleni ukonga, futhi ama-prototypes afakwe ngogesi avame ukuphuka.

Impumelelo kube yiToyota Prius, imoto yokuqala eyihybrid ekhiqizwa ngobuningi. I-hatchback enezicabha ezinhlanu esekelwe kumodeli ye-Echo (i-American Yaris) ithole injini kaphethiloli engu-1,5-litre enama-58 hp. AbaseJapan bayixhume kuyunithi kagesi yamahhashi angu-40. E-Europe naseNyakatho Melika le moto yaqala ukudayiswa ngo-2000 kodwa yathuthukiswa phambilini. Amandla enjini kaphethiloli akhuphuke afinyelela ku-72 hp, kanti ekagesi yafinyelela ku-44 hp. Imoto edla amalitha angu-5 kaphethiloli ngekhulu edolobheni yayiyisixwayiso esingathi sína kubancintisana nabo ama-subcompacts kaphethiloli adinga okungenani uphethiloli ophindwe kabili kunawo.

Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezi-hybrid akuzange kuthathe indawo yezimoto ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, kodwa inqubekelaphambili ibonisa ukuthi ngokushesha isimo esinjalo sibonakala singokoqobo nakakhulu. Isibonelo? IToyota Yaris entsha, edla amalitha angu-3,1 kuphela kaphethiloli emadolobheni, kanti njengoba kunesiminyaminya esikhulu, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethroli kuyancipha. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Uhlelo lusebenzisa injini kagesi kuphela ngesikhathi sokupaka noma isiminyaminya. Imoto ikwazi ukushayela kuyo ngokuqhubekayo ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, akasebenzisi iconsi likaphethiloli. Kuphela uma amabhethri ekhishwa lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iqala khona.

Amabhethri anganakekeli ashajwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amandla abawadingayo abuyiselwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, isibonelo, lapho bebhuleka. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ibe isima futhi injini kagesi iqala ukushaja.

Indlela yokushayela imoto enjalo? Kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, ukuzizwisa kungase kushaqise. Kungani? Okokuqala, imoto ayinawo ukhiye. Qala injini ngenkinobho eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhundleni seswishi yokuthungela. Nokho, ngemva kokuyicindezela, izinkomba kuphela zikhanyisa, ngakho-ke umshayeli uqala kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo kuqala. Ngaphandle kwesidingo. Imoto, nakuba ingenzi msindo, isilungele ukuhamba. Ayibangi msindo, ngoba uma ucindezela inkinobho, kuqala injini kagesi kuphela. Ukuze ungene emgwaqeni, vele ushintshe umshini ozishintshayo uwubeke endaweni ethi "D" bese ukhulula i-pedal yebhuleki.

Ukusebenza okufanayo

Kamuva, umsebenzi womshayeli ukulawula isiteringi, igesi kanye namabhuleki ama-pedals kuphela. Ukusebenza kwe-hybrid drive kuboniswa esibukweni esikhulu sombala ku-centre console. Ungahlola ukuthi iyiphi injini esebenzayo manje futhi ulungise indlela yakho yokushayela ukuze yonge uphethiloli ngangokunokwenzeka. Siphinde sibe nenkomba yokushaja neyongayo noma eguquguqukayo eduze kwe-speedometer kuphaneli yezinsimbi. Ungashintshela kumodi yedrayivu kagesi ngokucindezela inkinobho eseduze neleva yebhuleki lesandla.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hybrid drive akukhawuli imisebenzi yansuku zonke yemoto. Injini eyengeziwe ifakwa ngaphansi kwe-hood, futhi amabhethri afihliwe ngaphansi kwesihlalo sangemuva. Isikhala esiphakathi nendawo nasesiqwini siyefana nesemotweni enenjini yakudala kaphethroli.

Ububi be-hybrid Toyota, okokuqala, ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwesevisi. Akuwona wonke umakhenikha ozolungisa imoto eyi-hybrid, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka kungasebenzi, ukuvakashela isevisi egunyaziwe kuvame ukushiywa. Amanani ezimoto ezinjalo nawo asephezulu. Isibonelo, i-hybrid ye-Toyota Yaris enguqulweni eshibhe kakhulu ibiza i-PLN 65, kanti inguqulo eyisisekelo yale modeli enenjini kaphethiloli ibiza i-PLN 100.

IToyota Yaris enezinto ezifanayo ne-hybrid, ezishintshayo kanye nenjini engu-1,3 kaphethroli enamandla aqhathaniswa ne-hybrid, ibiza i-PLN 56500, eshibhe ngo-PLN 8 600.

Ingabe kufanelekile ukukhokhela imoto eluhlaza? Ngokusho komkhiqizi wezimoto, nakanjani yebo. Ochwepheshe bakwaToyota babale ukuthi ngebanga lika-100 km, nenani likaphethiloli lika-PLN 000, i-hybrid izokonga i-PLN 5,9. Njengoba i-generator ingekho, i-starter nama-V-belt, futhi ama-brake pads aguga kancane kakhulu, ungaphonsa ngisho nangaphezulu ebhange le-piggy.

Eco-friendly kodwa ngomlilo

Kodwa ukonga akuyona yonke into. Njengoba isibonelo sakwaHonda sibonisa, imoto eyi-hybrid ingaba mnandi ukuyishayela njengemoto yezemidlalo. Okunye ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwaseJapan kunikeza imodeli ye-CR-Z enezihlalo ezine.

Imoto ine-3-mode drive system ekuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ezindleleni ezintathu zokushayela. Ngayinye isebenzisa isethingi ehlukile ye-throttle, isiteringi, isimo somoya, isikhathi sokuvala injini evuthayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-powertrain kagesi. Ngenxa yalokho, umshayeli angakhetha ukuthi ufuna ukuhamba ngokonga kakhulu noma ujabulele ukusebenza kwezemidlalo. 

I-Peugeot 508 RXH — isivivinyo se-Regiomoto.pl

Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi kakhulu okungu-4,4 wamalitha ngekhulu kutholakala kumodi ye-ECON. Imodi ye-NORMAL iwukuyekelela phakathi kokushintshashintsha kokushayela kanye nomnotho. Kuzo zombili izimo, i-tachometer ikhanyiswa ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa lapho umshayeli eshayela ngokwezomnotho, iphenduka ibe luhlaza. Ngakho, siyakwazi ukushayela imoto ukuze sisebenzise uphethiloli omncane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kumodi ye-SPORT, i-tachometer ikhanyiswa ngokubomvu okuvuthayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impendulo ye-throttle iba ngokushesha futhi ibukhali, uhlelo lwe-IMA hybrid lunikeza ukudluliswa kwamandla okusheshayo, futhi ukuqondisa kusebenza ngokumelana okwengeziwe.

IHonda CR-Z hybrid itholakala ngenjini engu-1,5 litre kaphethroli elekelelwa ngogesi we-IMA. Amandla kanye ne-torque enkulu yale duo ngu-124 hp. kanye 174 nm. Amanani aphezulu atholakala ekuqaleni kuka-1500 rpm, njengasezimotweni ezimbili zikaphethiloli ezicindezelayo noma ezinjinini ze-turbodiesel. Iphinde futhi isebenze ngendlela efanayo neyeHonda Civic kaphethiloli engu-1,8, kodwa i-hybrid ikhipha i-CO2 encane kakhulu.. Futhi, injini ye-Civic kufanele ivuselelwe phezulu.

I-Citroen DS5 - i-hybrid entsha evela eshalofini eliphezulu

Ku-Honda CR-Z, ukudluliswa kusebenza ngokuhlukile kancane. Injini kagesi ingafaniswa ne-turbocharger esekela ukusebenza kweyunithi kaphethiloli. Ukushayela ngogesi ngokuphelele akunakwenzeka lapha. Omunye umehluko i-sporty manual transmission (ama-hybrids amaningi asebenzisa ama-automatic transmissions).

Amafutha asuka kusokhethi

Ochwepheshe bemakethe yezimoto babikezela ukuthi eminyakeni engama-20-30 izimoto ezihlanganisiwe zinethuba lokuthatha ingxenye yesithathu yemakethe yezimoto. Abakhiqizi bazosebenzisa lolu hlobo lokushayela ngenxa yokuqinisa izindinganiso zokukhipha umoya. Kungenzeka ukuthi izimoto ezinikezwa i-hydrogen noma ugesi nazo zizoba umdlali oqinile emakethe. I-Honda FCX Clarity yokuqala enamandla kafuel cell isivele isetshenziswa e-US. Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-Poland ingase yethule uxhaso lwezimoto eziyingxubevange

Imoto yokuqala ekhiqizwe ngobuningi balolu hlobo yiMitsubishi i-MiEV eyethulwe ngonyaka odlule ePoland. Ngokuklama, imoto isekelwe kumodeli "i" - imoto yedolobha elincane. Injini kagesi, isiguquli, amabhethri nayo yonke enye idrayivu eco-friendly drive ifakwe ngemuva naphakathi kwama-ekseli. Ukushajwa kwebhethri ngesikhathi esisodwa kukuvumela ukuthi ushayele cishe u-150 km. Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion itholakala ngaphansi kwesitezi.

I-Mitsubishi i-MiEV ingashajwa ngezindlela eziningi. Ekhaya, kusetshenziswa isokhethi engu-100 noma engu-200 V. Amabhethri angashajwa futhi eziteshini zokushaja ezisheshayo, ezixhunywe kunethiwekhi emhlabeni jikelele. Isikhathi sokushaja kusuka kusokhethi engu-200V amahora angu-6, futhi ukushaja okusheshayo kuthatha ingxenye yehora kuphela.

I-innovative drive yiyona kuphela into ehlukanisa iMitsubishi kagesi ezimotweni zakudala. Njengabo, i-iMiEV ingathatha abantu abadala abane. Inezicabha ezine ezivuleka kakhulu, kanti indawo yemithwalo ithwala amalitha angama-227 wempahla. Ekupheleni kuka-2013, i-Poland izoba nenethiwekhi yezindawo zokushaja ezingu-300 ezitholakala kuma-agglomerations angu-14 amakhulu asePoland.

Governorate Bartosz

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