Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kokudluliswa kwezandla

Inhloso kanye nedivayisi "yebhokisi" lomshini

I-manual transmission idlulisa i-torque eyakhiwe yinjini emasondweni okushayela ngokusebenzisa ugesi. Kungu-gearbox onezigaba eziningi onegiya eliguquguqukayo.

I-clutch housing (ikesi) ihlanganiswe nenjini ibe yiyunithi eyodwa yamandla, i-front bear ye-input shaft yebhokisi ifakwe ekugcineni kwe-crankshaft yenjini.

I-clutch mechanism ijwayele ukusebenza futhi ihlale ixhuma i-flywheel ye-crankshaft yenjini ku-gearbox input shaft. I-clutch isebenza kuphela uma kushintshwa amagiya, ikhipha injini no-gearbox nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zixhumeke kahle.

Emzimbeni weyunithi yamandla ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, kukhona no-gearbox ohlukanisayo osabalalisa i-torque phakathi kwama-drive shaft of the transmission futhi ovumela amasondo ukuthi ajikelezise ngesivinini esihlukile se-angular.

Ukudluliselwa okwenziwa ngesandla kuhlukaniswe:

- ngenani lezilinganiso zegiya:

• izigaba ezine;
• izigaba ezinhlanu, ezivame kakhulu;
• isivinini esiyisithupha.

- ngokohlelo lwe-kinematic:

• ama-shaft amabili, ku-crankcase yebhokisi le-XNUMX noma emihlanu-speed, kufakwe ama-shafts ayisisekelo kanye nesesibili;
• u-gearbox onamashaft amathathu, u-gearbox uqukethe ama-primary, medium and secondary shafts.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inani lezigaba ze-gearbox alibandakanyi amagiya angathathi hlangothi nahlehlayo, inani lama-shafts alifaki i-reverse gear shaft.

Amagiya anamazinyo ka-gearbox ano-helical ohlotsheni lokuzibandakanya. Amagiya e-Spur awasetshenziswa ngenxa yomsindo owengeziwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Wonke ama-shaft amabhokisi emishini afakwe kuma-rolling bearings, i-radial noma i-thrust, afakwe ngokuhambisana nesiqondiso samandla we-longitudinal okwenzeka ku-helical gearing. Emiklamo emithathu ye-shaft, ama-shafts ayisisekelo nesesibili atholakala nge-coaxially futhi, njengomthetho, anenaliti evamile yokuzala.

Amagiya azungeza futhi aqhubekele ku-shaft kuma-plain bearings - ama-bushings acindezelwe enziwe ngama-alloys ethusi a-low-friction.

Ukuze usebenze ngokushaqisayo, ama-synchronizer afakiwe alingana nesivinini sokujikeleza kwamagiya ngesikhathi sokushintsha.

Izilinganiso zegiya zamabhokisi kagiya ahlanganiswe ngabakhiqizi abakhulu emhlabeni futhi zibukeka kanjena:

• Igiya lokuqala - isilinganiso segiya 3,67 ... 3,63;
• Owesibili - 2,10 ... 1,95;
• Okwesithathu - 1,36 ... 1,35;
• Okwesine - 1,00 ... 0,94;
• Okwesihlanu - 0,82 ... 0,78, njll.
• Igiya elibuyisela emuva - 3,53.

Igiya, lapho ijubane le-crankshaft yenjini lihambisana khona nenani lokuguquguquka kwe-shaft yesibili yebhokisi, libizwa ngokuthi okuqondile (imvamisa yesine).

Kusuka kuwo, ekunciphiseni inani lokuguquguquka kwe-shaft yesibili, ngesivinini esiqhubekayo senjini, ama-downshifts ahamba, ekukhuliseni inani lama-revolutions - amagiya anda.

Indlela yokuguqula igiya

Wonke ama-manual transmissions asebenzisa imiklamo ye-lever-rocker, lapho amagiya ebhokisi, lapho amagiya eshintsha, anyakaziswa amafoloko ahambisana nezinduku ezihambisanayo ngaphansi kwamandla e-lever. Kusukela endaweni engathathi hlangothi, i-lever iphambukiswa ngumshayeli ukuya kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele (ukukhethwa kwegiya) futhi emuva naphambili (ukushintsha).

Izindlela zokushintsha ngokuya ngesimiso sokusebenza zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Okwesiko, noma kwakudala, okukuvumela ukuthi uvule noma yiliphi igiya ukusuka kokuthi "phakathi nendawo".
• Okulandelanayo, okuvumela ukushintsha okulandelanayo kuphela.

Izindlela ezilandelanayo zisetshenziswa ezithuthuthu, ogandaganda, nasemayunithi anamagiya angaphezu kwayisithupha - amaloli nogandaganda.

Ukuphathwa kokudlulisa ngesandla

Umshayeli osemusha kufanele afundiswe lokhu esikoleni sokushayela.

Ukulandelana kwezenzo:

• Ngena emotweni emile injini icishiwe. Vala isicabha somshayeli, ume kahle esihlalweni, bopha ibhande lakho lesihlalo.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ibhuleki lokupaka livuliwe futhi i-shift lever ayithathi hlangothi.
• Qalisa injini.

Qaphela! Kusukela ngesikhathi uqala, ushayela imoto futhi ungumshayeli wemoto.

• Cindezela i-clutch pedal, faka igiya olifunayo (okokuqala noma "kuhlehlisa", ushiya indawo yokupaka).
• Cindezela kancane kuphedali yegesi. Lapho i-tachometer ikhombisa cishe i-1400 rpm, khulula ngobumnene i-clutch pedal, ukhiphe ibhuleki lokupaka. Imoto izoqala ukunyakaza, kodwa i-clutch pedal ayikwazi "ukuphonswa" ngokuzumayo, kufanele iqhutshwe ngokushelelayo kuze kube yilapho ama-disc we-clutch mechanism ehlangene ngokugcwele, ukulungisa isivinini sokunyakaza nge-gas pedal.

Igiya lokuqala liyadingeka ukuze kungagcini nje ukuhambisa imoto endaweni yayo, kodwa futhi ukuyisheshisa ngesivinini lapho, ngaphandle kokuxubha nokumisa injini, kuzokwazi ukuvula "isibili" futhi uqhubeke nokuhamba. ngokuzethemba.

I-Upshifting kufanele yenziwe kancane, ukunyakaza komlenze wesobunxele, olawula i-clutch, kuhamba kancane ngamabomu. Unyawo lwesokudla lukhipha igesi ngokuhambisana nokukhululwa kwe-clutch yesokunxele, isandla sokudla sisebenza ngokuzethemba i-shift lever futhi "sinamathele" igiya ngaphandle kokulinda imoto ukuthi ihambe kancane.

Ngokuhlangenwe nakho, i-algorithm yokulawula "imishini" iya ezingeni lokungazi lutho, futhi umshayeli usebenza ngokunembile nge-clutch "nesibambo" ngaphandle kokubheka izilawuli.

Indlela yokukhetha isivinini kanye nesivinini senjini odinga ukushintsha amagiya ngaso

Ngendlela eyenziwe lula, amandla enjini awumkhiqizo wetorque ethuthukayo kanye nenani lama-revolutions e-crankshaft.

Ngomshini we-clutch osebenza kahle, wonke amandla abonwa nge-input shaft ye-manual transmission futhi adlule kusistimu yegiya futhi adlulele emasondweni okushayela.

Ibhokisi le-gearbox elisebenza ngesandla elithi "mechanical box" liguqula amandla adlulisiwe ngokuhambisana nezifiso zomshayeli, ezingahlali zihambisana namandla emoto kanye nezimo zangempela zokushayela.

Lapho ushintsha amagiya "phezulu", akufanele uvumele ukwehla ngokweqile kwejubane lomshini ngesikhathi sokumiswa.

Uma ushintsha amagiya "phansi", ukubambezeleka kuyadingeka phakathi kokukhipha i-clutch nokuhambisa i-shift lever ukuze izingxenye zebhokisi zehlise ijubane ngandlela-thile ekujikelezeni kwazo.

Lapho uhamba ngamagiya aqondile nangaphezulu, awudingi "ukusonta" injini kuze kube semkhawulweni, uma udinga i-jerk lapho udlula noma unqoba umqansa omude, kufanele ushintshele esinyathelweni noma ezimbili "eziphansi".

Imodi yokushayela yezomnotho

Embhalweni wemibhalo yanoma iyiphi imoto, ungathola "i-torque ephezulu (efana naleyo), ngesivinini (kakhulu)". Lesi sivinini, i.e. inani lama-revolutions e-crankshaft ngomzuzu, futhi kunevelu lapho injini izonikeza khona umzamo omkhulu wokudonsa ngokusetshenziswa okuncane kukaphethiloli.

Isondlo

I-transmission manual, uma isetshenziswe kahle, iyunithi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-gearbox yemishini, idinga uhlobo olulodwa lokunakekelwa - ukushintsha uwoyela.

Amafutha egiya asetshenziselwa ukugcoba, okuthi, ngaphezu kwe-viscosity ephezulu, abe nezindawo ezithile zokulwa nokubamba kanye ne-anti-wear, ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa, amandla acindezelayo wefilimu kawoyela kanye ne-coefficient ephansi ye-top tension, engavumeli uketshezi luphume. kusuka ezindaweni ezigcotshisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uwoyela wegiya kumele ungathathi hlangothi ku-asidi, uvimbele ukuguguleka kwezingxenye zebhokisi lamagiya ezenziwe ngezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni.

Uhlobo lwamafutha okuhambisa kanye nesikhawu phakathi kwezinguquko kukhonjisiwe emiyalweni yokusebenza kwemoto.

U-gearbox uyiyunithi ebizayo, lapho usetshenziswa, sebenzisa uwoyela onconyiwe kuphela.

Qaphela! Ungakholelwa "ama-hacks okuphila" njengokuthi "ungathola kanjani uhlobo lwamafutha ngephunga, ukunambitheka nombala usebenzisa ucezu lwephepha."

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uwoyela wegiya wehla ngevolumu kuphela ngenxa yokuhwamuka, awushisi futhi awundizeli "phansi kwepayipi" njengamafutha enjini, kodwa ungcoliswa yimikhiqizo yokungqubuzana futhi ube mnyama ngokuguga.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

Iningi lokungasebenzi kahle okucatshangwa ukuthi ukudluliswa kwemishini ngesandla kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-clutch. Okuvame kakhulu:

• Igiya elibuyela emuva livulwa nge-"crunch", amanye amagiya ashintshwa kanzima - ukulungiswa kwedrayivu kuphulwa, i-clutch "lead".
• Umsindo we-monotonous noma ukubhuza lapho ucindezela i-clutch pedal - ukuguga kwe-bearing bearing.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla iyonke:

Umsindo ogqamile uma ugudla igiya elibanjiwe futhi i-clutch icindezelekile - i-gearbox engaphambili ehambisana ne-crankshaft yenjini ihlulekile.

Ukungasebenzi kahle "ebhokisini" lemishini kuvame ukwethulwa ngumnikazi wemoto noma abanduleli bakhe, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlotshaniswa nokugqokwa okujwayelekile nokukhala ngenxa yokusebenza isikhathi eside:

• Ukuklolodela lapho wehla. Ukugqoka noma ukwehluleka kwama-synchronizers amile.
• Ukuhlehla akuvuli - igiya licekeleke phansi noma imfoloko yokushintsha ikhubazekile ngenxa yemizamo “yokuvula ireverse” ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi imoto ime ngokuphelele.
• Kunzima ukukhetha ukudlulisela. I-shift lever ehlanganisiwe yebhola.
• Ukusebenzelana okungaphelele kwamagiya, ukungakwazi ukusebenzisana noma ukukhipha elinye lawo, ukunqanyulwa okungenangqondo kwamagiya lapho igesi ikhishwa. Ukugqokwa kwezivimbeli zebhola noma izinduku zomhlahlandlela, ukuwohloka kwezimfoloko zamashifu. Akuvamile - ukubhujiswa kwamazinyo egiya.

Izinzuzo zokudluliswa kwezandla ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zomgwaqo

Emotweni ene-"mechanics", umshayeli akazizwa ekhululekile ekulawuleni imoto.

Njengoba ulwazi lutholwa, amakhono awusizo namasu avela futhi athuthuke:

• Ukubhuleka kwenjini. Kuyadingeka lapho ushayela eqhweni, ngesikhathi sokwehla okude kwentaba nakwezinye izimo lapho udinga ukusebenzisa ibhuleki elide nelibushelelezi ngaphandle kokushisa amabhuleki nokulahlekelwa ukuthintana kwamasondo nomgwaqo.
• Ukugibela "ukwelula" ne-clutch ecindezelekile kancane. Iwusizo lapho uhamba endaweni enzima futhi unqoba izithiyo ngazinye ngesivinini ngaphandle kwemithwalo ethusayo ekudluliseni.
• Amashifu asheshayo "okokuqala, ukuhlehlisa, kuqala." Kwenza kube nokwenzeka "ukunyakazisa" imoto futhi ngokuzimela ukushayela iphume exhaphozini noma snowdrift lapho ubhajwe.
• Ikhono lokugudla, ukudonsa nokudonsa ozakwenu emgwaqeni ngokwakho
• Okonga amafutha. Kunoma yiliphi igiya, ungakhetha imodi yokushayela eyonga kakhulu.

Futhi, inzuzo engenakuqhathaniswa yokudlulisa ngesandla ukugcinwa okulula, impilo ende yesevisi, ukutholakala kokulungiswa kanye nezindleko eziphansi zezinto ezisetshenziswayo.