Ubude bayo buyi-limiter

I-limiter, noma i-limiter, ibhekwa njengenkosi yawo wonke amaphrosesa abhekene nokuguquguquka nomsindo wesiginali. Futhi hhayi ngoba kuwuhlobo oluthile oluyinkimbinkimbi noma okunzima ukulisebenzisa (yize kwenzeka), kodwa ngoba lunquma ukuthi umsebenzi wethu uzozwakala kanjani ekugcineni.

Iyini i-limiter? Ekuqaleni, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu emsakazweni, kwase kuba kuthelevishini, iziteshi zokusakaza, ivikela ama-transmitter esignalini enamandla kakhulu eyayingase ivele ngokufaka kwayo, okubangele ukugunda, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kulimaze umthumeli. Ngeke wazi ukuthi yini engenzeka ku-studio - imakrofoni iyawa, umhlobiso uyawa, ithrekhi enezinga eliphakeme kakhulu ingena - i-limiter ivikela kukho konke lokhu, okusho ukuthi, ngamanye amazwi, imisa izinga lesignali embundwini obekwe kuwo. futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwayo okwengeziwe.

Kodwa i-limiter, noma i-limiter ngesi-Polish, akuyona nje i-valve yokuphepha. Abakhiqizi ezindlini zokuqopha ngokushesha babona amandla akhe emisebenzini ehluke kakhulu. Ezinsukwini zamanje, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuphatha esixoxile ngaso kuziqephu eziyishumi nambili ezedlule, sisetshenziswa ukukhulisa umthamo ozwakalayo wengxubevange. Umphumela kufanele ube phezulu, kodwa uhlanzeke futhi ube nomsindo wemvelo wezinto zomculo, uhlobo lomsindo ongcwele wonjiniyela abayizingcweti.

I-Compressor counter limiter

I-delimiter ngokuvamile iphrosesa yokugcina efakwe kurekhodi eliqediwe. Lolu uhlobo lokuqeda, ukuthinta kokugcina kanye nongqimba lwe-varnish olunikeza konke ukukhanya. Namuhla, imikhawulo ezingxenyeni ze-analog isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengohlobo olukhethekile lwe-compressor, i-limiter yayo inguqulo eguquliwe kancane. I-compressor iqaphela kakhulu ngesignali, izinga layo elidlula umkhawulo othile obekiwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ikhule ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa ngokuncibilika kakhulu, isilinganiso esinqunywa ukulawulwa kwe-Ratio. Isibonelo, isilinganiso esingu-5:1 sisho ukuthi isignali eyeqa umkhawulo wokucindezela ngo-5 dB izokhuphula ukuphuma kwayo ngo-1 dB kuphela.

Akukho ukulawulwa kwe-Ratio ku-limiter, njengoba le pharamitha igxilile futhi ilingana no-∞: 1. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni, ayikho isignali enelungelo lokudlula umkhawulo omisiwe.

Ama-compressor/limiters e-Analog anenye inkinga - awakwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha esignali. Kukhona njalo ukubambezeleka okuthile ekusebenzeni (kumadivayisi angcono kakhulu kuzoba amashumi amaningana ama-microseconds), okungase kusho ukuthi izinga "lokubulala" lomsindo linesikhathi sokudlula kuphrosesa enjalo.

Izinguqulo zesimanje zemikhawulo yakudala ngendlela yamapulaki e-UAD asekelwe kumadivayisi we-Universal Audio.

Ngalesi sizathu, amathuluzi edijithali asetshenziselwa le njongo ekuphatheni kahle naseziteshini zokusakaza zesimanje. Basebenza ngokubambezeleka okuthile, kodwa empeleni, ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe. Lokhu kungqubuzana okubonakala kungachazwa kanje: isignali yokufaka ibhalwa ku-buffer futhi ivela ekuphumeni ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngokuvamile ama-millisecond ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, umkhawulo uzoba nesikhathi sokuwuhlaziya futhi ulungiselele kahle ukuphendula ukwenzeka kwezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Lesi sici sibizwa ngokuthi i- lookahead, futhi yikho okwenza imikhawulo yedijithali isebenze njengodonga lwezitini—yingakho igama lazo elisetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi: udonga lwezitini.

Ukuncibilika ngomsindo

Njengoba sekushiwo, ukusika ngokuvamile kuyinqubo yokugcina esetshenziswa kusignali ecutshunguliwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-dithering ukuze kuncishiswe ukujula kancane kusuka kumabhithi angu-32 ngokuvamile asetshenziswa esigabeni sokuphatha kahle ukuya kumabhithi ajwayelekile angu-16, nakuba ngokwandayo, ikakhulukazi uma okokusebenza kusatshalaliswa ku-inthanethi, kugcina kumabhithi angu-24.

I-Dithering akuyona into engaphezu kokwengeza inani elincane kakhulu lomsindo esignali. Ngoba uma impahla engu-24-bit idinga ukwenziwa ibe into engu-16-bit, amabhithi ayisishiyagalombili abalulekile (okungukuthi lawo abangela umsindo othule kakhulu) avele asuswe. Ukuze lokhu kususwa kungezwakali ngokucacile njengokuhlanekezela, imisindo engahleliwe ifakwa esignali, okuthi, njengokungathi, "incibilikisa" imisindo ethule kakhulu, okwenza ukusika kwezingcezu eziphansi kucishe kungezwakali, futhi uma kakade, khona-ke amavesi athule noma ukuphindaphinda, lona umsindo ocashile womculo.

Bheka ngaphansi kwesivalo

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imingcele eminingi isebenza ngomgomo wokukhulisa izinga lesignali, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo icindezela amasampuli ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu okwamanje ngokulingana kwenzuzo kukhishwe ileveli ephezulu ebekiwe. Uma usetha okuthi Gain, Threshold, Input in the limiter (noma yiliphi elinye inani “lokujula” komkhawulo, okuyizinga lenzuzo lesignali yokufaka, evezwa ngama-decibel), ngemva kokukhipha kuleli nani izinga elichaziwe. njengePeak , Umkhawulo, Okukhiphayo, njll. .d. (lapha, futhi, i-nomenclature ihlukile), ngenxa yalokho, lezo zimpawu zizocindezelwa, izinga layo lethiyori lingafinyelela ku-0 dBFS. Ngakho-ke inzuzo ye-3dB kanye -0,1dB okukhiphayo kunikeza ukuncishiswa okungokoqobo kwe-3,1dB.

Imikhawulo yesimanje yedijithali ingabiza kakhulu, kodwa futhi isebenze kakhulu, njengeFab-Filter Pro-L eboniswe lapha. Kodwa-ke, zingaba mahhala ngokuphelele, zibukeke zibe nesizotha, futhi ezimweni eziningi ziphumelele njengoThomas Mundt Loudmax.

I-limiter, okuwuhlobo lwe-compressor, isebenza kuphela kumasiginali ngaphezu komkhawulo oshiwo - esimweni esingenhla, izoba -3,1 dBFS. Wonke amasampuli angaphansi kwalelivelu kufanele akhuliswe ngo-3 dB, okungukuthi lawo angaphansi komkhawulo, empeleni, azocishe alingane nezinga lomsindo omkhulu kakhulu, omanzi. Kuzophinde kube neleveli yesampula ephansi ngisho nangaphezulu, efinyelela ku -144 dBFS (yezinto ezingu-24-bit).

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, inqubo ye-dithering akufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kwenqubo yokugcina yokudonsa. Futhi kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abakhawulisi banikeza i-dithering njengengxenye yenqubo yokukhawulela.

Impilo eyisibonelo

Esinye isici esibalulekile hhayi kakhulu kusignali ngokwayo, kodwa ekwamukelweni kwayo ngumlaleli, yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi amazinga e-intersample. Iziguquli ze-D/A, esezivele zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zabathengi, zivame ukuhluka komunye nomunye futhi zihumushe isiginali yedijithali ngendlela ehlukile, okuyisignali enyathelwe kakhulu. Uma uzama ukushelela lezi “zinyathelo” ngasohlangothini lwe-analogi, kungase kwenzeke ukuthi isiguquli sihumushe isethi ethile yamasampuli alandelanayo njengezinga le-voltage ye-AC ephakeme kunevelu yegama elingu-0 dBFS. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugunda kungenzeka. Ngokuvamile kufushane kakhulu ukuba izindlebe zethu zikwazi ukukuthatha, kodwa uma la masethi ahlanekezelwe emaningi futhi evame, angaba nomthelela ozwakalayo emsindweni. Abanye abantu basebenzisa lokhu ngenhloso, bedala ngamabomu amanani aphakathi kwamasampula ahlanekezelwe ukuze bathole lo mphumela. Kodwa-ke, lesi yisimo esingesihle, okubandakanya. ngoba impahla enjalo ye-WAV/AIFF, eguqulelwe ekubeni i-MP3 elahlekile, i-M4A, njll., izohlanekezelwa nakakhulu futhi ungase ulahlekelwe ukulawula umsindo ngokuphelele. Ayikho Imikhawulo Lesi isingeniso esifushane sokuthi siyini isikhawuli nokuthi singayidlala yiphi indima - elinye lamathuluzi angaqondakali asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni komculo. Imfihlakalo, ngoba iqinisa futhi icindezele ngesikhathi esifanayo; ukuthi akufanele iphazamise umsindo, futhi inhloso wukuyenza ibe sobala ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa abantu abaningi bayishune ngendlela yokuthi iphazamise. Okokugcina, ngenxa yokuthi umkhawulo ulula kakhulu ekwakhiweni (i-algorithm) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ungaba iphrosesa yesignali eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, inkimbinkimbi engakwazi ukuqhathaniswa kuphela nezaga ze-algorithmic.

Ngakho-ke, sizobuyela kuyo ngemva kwenyanga.