I-ECU iyini? Iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi yenjini yemoto
Ukusebenza kwemishini

I-ECU iyini? Iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi yenjini yemoto

27.06.2022 /

I-ECU iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi yenjini yemoto, elinye igama layo isilawuli. Ithola ulwazi oluvela kuzinzwa eziningi, ilucubungule ngokuya ngama-algorithms akhethekile futhi, ngokusekelwe kudatha etholiwe, inikeza imiyalo kuma-actuator wesistimu.

Iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yenethiwekhi yemoto ebhodini, ihlale ishintshanisa idatha nezinye izingxenye zesistimu: i-anti-lock braking system, ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqiniswa kwezimoto kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha, ukulawulwa kwe-cruise control, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu.

Ukushintshaniswa kolwazi kwenziwa ngebhasi le-CAN, elihlanganisa zonke izinhlelo zikagesi nezedijithali zemoto yesimanje zibe yinethiwekhi eyodwa.

I-ECU iyini? Iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi yenjini yemoto

Ngenxa yale ndlela, kungenzeka ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenjini: ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukunikezwa komoya, amandla, i-torque, njll.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-ECU yile:

  • ukuphathwa nokulawula umjovo kaphethiloli ezinjinini zokujova;
  • ukulawula ukuthungela;
  • ukulawulwa kwesikhathi se-valve;
  • ukulawulwa kanye nokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa ohlelweni lokupholisa injini;
  • ukulawulwa kwe-throttle position;
  • ukuhlaziywa kokubunjwa kwamagesi okukhipha umoya;
  • ukuqapha ukusebenza kwe-exhaust gas recirculation system.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilawuli sithola ulwazi mayelana nendawo kanye nesivinini se-crankshaft, isivinini samanje semoto, kanye ne-voltage kunethiwekhi yemoto esebhodini. I-ECU iphinde ifakwe uhlelo lokuxilonga futhi, uma kwenzeka kutholwa noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukwehluleka, yazisa umnikazi ngakho kusetshenziswa inkinobho ethi Hlola-Injini.

Iphutha ngalinye linekhodi yalo futhi lawa makhodi agcinwa kudivayisi yememori.

Lapho kwenziwa ukuxilonga, ochwepheshe baxhuma idivayisi yokuskena kusilawuli ngokusebenzisa isixhumi, esikrinini lapho wonke amakhodi ephutha aboniswa khona, kanye nolwazi mayelana nesimo senjini.

I-ECU iyini? Iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi yenjini yemoto

Iyunithi yokulawula injini ye-elekthronikhi.

Isilawuli siyibhodi le-elekthronikhi eline-microprocessor kanye nedivayisi yememori evalelwe epulasitiki noma ikesi lensimbi. Ekesini kunezixhumi zokuxhuma kunethiwekhi yemoto esebhodini kanye nedivayisi yokuskena. I-ECU ivamise ukufakwa endaweni yenjini noma kudeshibhodi yangaphambili ohlangothini lwabagibeli, ngemuva kwegumbi lamagilavu. Imiyalelo kumele ikhombise indawo yesilawuli.

Ukuze usebenze okuvamile, izinhlobo eziningana zememori zisetshenziswa kuyunithi yokulawula:

  • I-PROM - inkumbulo ehlelekayo yokufunda kuphela - iqukethe izinhlelo eziyinhloko nemingcele yenjini;
  • I-RAM - inkumbulo yokufinyelela okungahleliwe, esetshenziselwa ukucubungula lonke uhlu lwedatha, londoloza imiphumela ephakathi;
  • I-EEPROM - idivayisi yenkumbulo ehlelwa kabusha ngogesi - isetshenziselwa ukugcina ulwazi oluhlukahlukene lwesikhashana: amakhodi okufinyelela nezingidi, futhi ifunda ulwazi mayelana nemayela, isikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Isoftware ye-ECU inamamojula amabili: ukusebenza nokulawula. Owokuqala unesibopho sokuthola idatha nokuyicubungula, ithumela ama-pulses kumadivayisi akhiphayo. Imojula yokulawula inesibopho sokulunga kwamasiginali angenayo avela kuzinzwa futhi, uma kwenzeka kutholwa noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana namapharamitha acacisiwe, ithatha izinyathelo zokulungisa noma ivimbe injini ngokuphelele.

I-ECU iyini? Iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi yenjini yemoto

Izinguquko kusofthiwe ye-ECU zingenziwa kuphela ezikhungweni zesevisi ezigunyaziwe.

Isidingo sokuhlela kabusha singase siphakame lapho i-chip ishuna injini ukuze ikhulise amandla ayo futhi ithuthukise izici zobuchwepheshe. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa kuphela nge-software eqinisekisiwe. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bezimoto bayanqikaza kakhulu ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi, ngoba akusiyo intshisekelo yabo ukuthi abasebenzisi baziguqule izilungiselelo ngokwabo.

Ukulungiswa kwekhompyutha nokushintshwa.

Uma isilawuli sihluleka noma singasebenzi kahle, khona-ke okokuqala kukhonjiswa ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwenjini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ekuvinjweni kwayo okuphelele. I-Check Engine ingase ibonise iphutha elingenakususwa. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehluleka kwe-ECU yilezi:

  • ukulayisha ngokweqile, umthelela wesifunda esifushane;
  • ithonya lezici zangaphandle - umswakama, ukugqwala, ukushaqeka, ukudlidliza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma iyiphi i-microprocessor ishisa kakhulu uma isistimu yokupholisa ihluleka.

Ukulungisa, kanye nokushintshwa kweyunithi yokulawula ngeke kushibhile. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukuthenga iyunithi entsha. Ukuyilanda, udinga ukwazi yonke imingcele yomshini. Kubalulekile futhi ukwenza izilungiselelo ezifanele. Ikhompyutha izosebenza ngokujwayelekile inqobo nje uma ithola amasignali kuzo zonke izinzwa futhi igcina ileveli evamile kagesi kunethiwekhi.




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