Ishunqa injini yedizili - intuthu emnyama, emhlophe nempunga

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi ingxube ye-fuel-air iyasha kuyo, futhi, njengoba wazi, intuthu nomlotha kuwumkhiqizo wokuvutha. Uma injini ye-diesel noma kaphethiloli isebenza ngokujwayelekile, khona-ke ayikho imikhiqizo eminingi evuthayo eyakhiwe, intuthu ecacile ngaphandle kwanoma yimiphi imithunzi ephuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya.

Uma sibona intuthu emhlophe-grey noma emnyama, lokhu kakade kuwubufakazi bokungasebenzi kahle enjinini.

Ngokuvamile ungafunda ezihlokweni zezimoto ukuthi omakhenikha abanolwazi sebengakwazi kakade ukunquma imbangela yokuphuka ngombala we-exhaust. Ngeshwa, lokhu akulona iqiniso, umbala wentuthu uzotshela kuphela isiqondiso esijwayelekile sokusesha, futhi ukuxilongwa okuphelele kuphela kuzosiza ukuthola imbangela yangempela yokwanda kwentuthu enjini ye-diesel.

Akufanele kushiwo ukuthi akufanele kubambezeleke nge-diagnostics, ngoba ukuguqulwa kombala we-exhaust kubonisa izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwenjini, uhlelo lukaphethiloli, i-turbine, futha futha noma ezinye izinhlelo.

Ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe kuzoholela ezindlekweni zokulungisa ezingalindelekile.

Izimo ezikahle zokushiswa kwengxube ye-fuel-air

Ukuze ukhiqize imikhiqizo evuthayo emincane ngangokunokwenzeka, lezi zimo ezilandelayo kufanele zifezeke ku-cylinder block yenjini kadizili:

• ikhwalithi ye-atomization kaphethiloli we-diesel ofakwe ekamelweni elivuthayo ngokusebenzisa imibhobho yomjovo;
• ukuhlinzekwa kwenani lomoya elidingekayo;
• izinga lokushisa laligcinwa ezingeni elidingekayo;
• ama-piston adala ingcindezi edingekayo yokushisa umoya-mpilo - isilinganiso sokucindezela;
• izimo zokuhlanganisa uphethiloli nomoya.

Uma noma iyiphi yalezi zimo ingahlangatshezwana nayo, khona-ke ingxube ngeke ishise ngokuphelele, ngokulandelana, kuzoba nokuqukethwe okuphezulu komlotha nama-hydrocarbon ekuphumeni.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwanda kwentuthu enjinini kadizili yilezi:

• umoya ophansi;
• i-lead angle engalungile;
• uphethiloli awenziwanga kahle nge-athomu;
• uphethiloli we-diesel wekhwalithi ephansi, enokungcola nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesibabule, inombolo ye-cetane ephansi.

Ukuxazulula inkinga

Ngokuvamile ngokwanele ukuxazulula inkinga buyisela isihlungi somoya. Isihlungi somoya esivalekile sivimbela umoya ukuthi ungangeni endaweni eningi oyithathayo ngokugcwele.

Intuthu emnyama evela epayipini lokukhipha umoya izobonisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha, noma okungenani ukushaya, isihlungi somoya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhula kakhulu, ngoba iphesenti elithile alishisi ngokuphelele, kodwa likhishwa kanye namagesi okukhipha umoya. Futhi uma une-turbine, khona-ke ukushintshwa okungazelelwe kwesihlungi somoya kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwayo, ngoba zonke lezi zinhlayiya ezingashiswanga ngokuphelele zizohlala ku-turbine ngendlela ye-soot.

Ukushintsha isihlungi somoya ezimweni eziningi yisona sixazululo kuphela senkinga. Ngemva kwesikhashana, i-exhaust iphenduka isuka emnyama futhi ibe cishe engenambala. Uma lokhu kungasizi, udinga ukubheka ngokujulile imbangela.

Ngokunikezwa kwegesi okubukhali, umbala we-exhaust ungashintsha ube mnyama. Kungenzeka ukuthi lobu ubufakazi bokuthi imibhobho ivalekile futhi ingxube kaphethiloli ayifuthwanga ngokuphelele. Kuphinde kube wubufakazi bokuthi umjovo ufika ngesikhathi. Esimweni sokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza i-injector, esimweni sesibili, hlola ukuthi izinzwa zikaphethiloli zisebenza kahle yini. Ngenxa yezinkinga ezinjalo, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha, okungaholela ekushiseni okusheshayo kwama-pistons, amabhuloho nama-prechambers.

Intuthu emnyama kungase futhi kubonise ukuthi amafutha avela ku-turbocharger angena kumasilinda. Ukungasebenzi kahle kungase kulele ku-turbocharger ngokwayo, ekugqokeni kwezigxivizo ze-turbine shaft. Intuthu enengxube kawoyela ingathola umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukushayela isikhathi eside enjini enjalo kugcwele izinkinga ezinkulu. Ungakwazi ukunquma ukuba khona kwamafutha ekukhipheni ngendlela elula - bheka ipayipi yokukhipha, kufanele ihlanzeke, inani elincane le-soot livunyelwe. Uma ubona i-oily slurry, khona-ke amafutha angena kumasilinda futhi kufanele kuthathwe isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Uma yehla epayipini intuthu empunga futhi kukhona ama-dip in traction, ngakho-ke inkinga ihlobene nepompo ye-booster, inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli osuka ethangini ukuya ohlelweni lukaphethiloli lweyunithi yedizili. Intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingase futhi ibonise ukuthi enye yamasilinda ayisebenzi kahle, ukucindezela kuyancipha.

Uma iphuma epayipini Intuthu emhlophe, khona-ke cishe isizathu siwukungena kokupholisa amasilinda. I-Condensation ingakheka ku-muffler, futhi ngokuhambisana nokunambitha kwayo unganquma ukuthi i-antifreeze noma cha. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuxilongwa okugcwele kuyoba yisixazululo esihle.

Iyalayisha...