Isibopho sezomthetho esikabili kuseyinkinga
Ingxoxo no-Alexandra Viktorova, umxazululi womshwalense.
Embikweni womsebenzi kaKhomishana Womshwalense wengxenye yokuqala yonyaka sifunde lokho ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 ezikhalazo zihlobene nomshwalense wemoto, iningi lazo elihlotshaniswa nomshwalense wemfanelo wenkampani yangaphandle oyimpoqo.
Yikuphi okubi abashayeli abakhala ngakho?
- Ngo-2011, ihhovisi le-ombudsman yomshwalense lathola izikhalazo ezibhaliwe ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-14 ngamacala ngamanye emkhakheni womshuwalense webhizinisi, futhi engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka kwakukhona i-7443 yazo. Ngempela, ngaphezu kwesigamu sazo sihlobene nomshwalense wemoto - ikakhulukazi umshwalense wesibopho somphakathi oyimpoqo kubanikazi bezimoto kanye nomshwalense wemoto wokuzithandela. umshwalense wemoto.
Abanikazi bezinqubomgomo bavame ukukhononda ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi. umshwalense wesibopho esiphindwe kabili, isicelo senkampani yomshwalense sokukhokhwa kwamaphrimiyamu ngenxa yokubalwa kabusha, kanye namaphrimiyamu esikhathi esidlule okufanele akhokhelwe, kanye nezinkinga zokuthola imbuyiselo yengxenye yenkokhelo engasetshenziswanga ngemva kokudayiswa kwemoto.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abafuna isinxephezelo kubadayisi bomshwalense babonisa ezikhalazo zabo ukwenqaba ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ethile ukukhokha isinxephezelo, ukubambezeleka ezinqubweni zokuvalwa kwezimali, ubunzima ekuhlinzekeni ukufinyelela kwezinto eziphathelene nesinxephezelo somonakalo, ulwazi olwanele mayelana nemibhalo edingekayo mayelana nokuchithwa kwempahla. isimangalo, kanye nokuthethelelwa ngokungathembeki ngabadayisi bomshwalense bezikhundla zabo kukho kokubili ukwenqatshwa kanye nenani lesinxephezelo. Izinkinga ezibikiwe zihlanganisa, kodwa azikhawulelwe ekuhlukaniseni okungagunyaziwe kokulimala kwemoto njengengqikithi, ngisho noma izindleko zokukhanda zingadluli inani layo lemakethe, ukulinganisa kancane kwemoto esimweni sayo sangaphambi komonakalo kanye nokweqiwa kwenani lezingozi, inani lesinxephezelo esimweni sokulimala komuntu, ukubuyiselwa kwezindleko zokuqashisa esikhundleni semoto, ilungelo lesisulu lokunquma uhlobo lwezingxenye ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa imoto, ukuba semthethweni kwabadayisi bomshwalense abasebenzisa ukuguga nokudabuka kwezingxenye, izindaba zokukhokhwa kwemoto. isinxephezelo sokulahlekelwa kwenani lezentengiselwano lemoto, edinga ukwethulwa kwama-invoyisi ayisisekelo abonisa uhlobo nomthombo wokuthengwa kwezingxenye eziyisipele, ukuncishiswa kwamazinga omsebenzi womzimba nokupenda kanye nokungabandakanyi i-VAT njengengxenye yesinxephezelo.
Bheka futhi: Ukuphela kwezimangalo eziphindwe kabili. Umhlahlandlela
Izinkampani zomshwalense zisasebenzisa ezinye ezishibhile lapho zibhekana nokulahlekelwa. Unobhala wezindaba ukubheka kanjani lokhu?
- Endabeni yomshwalense wesikweletu somuntu wesithathu, inkampani yomshwalense ingaphansi komthetho wesinxephezelo esigcwele somonakalo ovela ku-Civil Code. Njengomthetho, umuntu olimele unelungelo lokubuyisela into eyonakele esimweni sayo sangaphambili, okungukuthi, ukulungiswa kwemoto kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe obuhlinzekwe umenzi wayo, ngendlela eqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi efanele yemoto. ukusebenza kwayo okwalandela. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusekela umbono, oyinhloko emthethweni wecala lezinkantolo zomthetho, ukuthi umuntu olimele unelungelo lokufuna isinxephezelo ngokusekelwe kumanani entengo yezingxenye zangempela ezivela kumkhiqizi wemoto uma izingxenye ezinjalo zonakalisiwe futhi. lokhu kuyadingeka. esikhundleni sazo. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokulungisa imoto azikwazi ukweqa inani layo lemakethe ngaphambi komonakalo, futhi lokho kulungisa akumele kuphumele ekunothisweni kwesisulu.
Ngiyathokoza ukwazi: Ilungele bani imoto yokushintsha??
Umbuzo wokuthi kunqunywa kanjani inani lesinxephezelo somonakalo wemoto efunwa ngaphansi komshwalense wesibopho somphakathi oyimpoqo nawo uhlobene nombuzo wokuthi ingabe umshwalense angakwazi yini ukwehlisa izintengo zezingxenye ezisele ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa imoto eyonakele. yemoto ngenxa yobudala bayo, empeleni okubizwa ngokuthi ukwehla. INkantolo Ephakeme, ngokuphendula isicelo sami, yamukela isinqumo kuleli cala ngo-April 12, 2012 (No. III ChZP 80/11) sokuthi inkampani yomshwalense ibophekile, ngesicelo somuntu ohlukunyeziwe, ukukhokha isinxephezelo esihlanganisa amabomu. kanye nezindleko ezigunyazwe ngokwezomnotho zezingxenye ezintsha nezinto zokwakha zokulungisa imoto eyonakele, futhi kuphela uma umshwalense efakazela ukuthi lokhu kuzonyusa inani lemoto, isinxephezelo singancishiswa ngenani elihambisana nalokhu kunyuka. Isekela lesi sinqumo, iNkantolo Ephakeme yagcizelela ukuthi izinhlinzeko ezisebenzayo azinikezi izizathu zokunciphisa isinxephezelo ngomehluko phakathi kwezindleko zengxenye entsha nezindleko zengxenye eyonakele. Umuntu olimele unelungelo lokulindela ukuthola kumshwalense inani elimboza izindleko zezingxenye ezintsha, ukufakwa kwazo okudingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe imoto esimweni eyayikuso ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo.
Abadayisi bomshwalense bavame ukukhononda ngezenzo zokholo olubi ezimweni zokulahlekelwa okuphelele. Abadayisi bomshwalense bakhokha isinxephezelo kukhishwe izindleko zemoto ecekeleke kakhulu noma ingozi. Ucabanga ukuthi abahlinzeki bomshwalense kufanele bathathe imoto “ehloliwe” futhi bakhokhe isinxephezelo esigcwele? Kukhona nezokuphepha. Cishe zonke izimoto ezithathwa njengokulahlekelwa okuphelele ngabashwalensi zibuyiselwa emigwaqweni. Ingabe lezi yizinqubo ezifanele?
- Uma kuziwa kumshwalense wesikweletu, ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwemoto kwenzeka lapho imoto ilimele kangangokuthi ayikwazi ukulungiswa noma inani layo lidlula inani lemoto ngaphambi kokushayisana. Inani lesinxephezelo linani elihambisana nomehluko yenani lemoto ngaphambi nangemuva kwengozi. Umshwalense unesibopho sokunquma ngokuthembekile inani lesinxephezelo futhi akhokhe inani elifanele. Lokhu kungase kumsize noma kungasiza umuntu olimele ukuthola umthengi wemoto yakhe. Ukushintsha umthetho ukuze itayitela lemoto eyonakele idluliselwe kumshwalense ngenxa yesenzo ngokwaso kungaba yisixazululo esingalungile, hhayi nje ngenxa yokugxambukela kwayo kude nelungelo lobunikazi elivikelwe ngokomthethosisekelo, kodwa nangenxa yezingxabano ezivamile. mayelana nokuthi lokhu kulahlekelwa kufanele kufaneleke njengengqikithi, futhi izinhlangothi ezilimele zinokungabaza mayelana nokunemba kwezilinganiso ezilungiselelwe umshwalense.
Bheka futhi: Izinkinga nge-appraiser
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi, ngokwemithetho yamanje, umnikazi wemoto lapho kulungiswa khona izakhi zomthwalo othwalayo, amabhuleki noma uhlelo lokuqondisa, olwavela ngenxa yomcimbi ohlanganiswe umshwalense wezimoto noma umphakathi. inkontileka yomshwalense wesikweletu, unesibopho sokwenza ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe okwengeziwe ngesaziso esilandelayo sale nkampani yomshuwalense. Ukusetshenziswa okuqinile kwalesi sihlinzeko kuzovimbela ukubuyela emigwaqweni kwalezo zimoto ezike zabandakanyeka ezingozini zomgwaqo futhi isimo sazo esingesihle esibeka engcupheni ukuphepha emgwaqeni.
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha isipho somshwalense wesibopho somphakathi kubanikazi bezimoto, okuthiwa. Umshwalense wesikweletu esizenzakalelayo?
– Izimiso zomshwalense oyimpoqo wesibopho somphakathi sabanikazi bezimoto kanye nobubanzi balo mshwalense kulawulwa Umthetho Womshwalense Oyimpoqo. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi inkampani yomshuwalense umnikazi wemoto enquma ukuthatha, uzothola umshwalense ofanayo. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi umbandela kuphela ohlukanisa ukunikezwa komshwalense ngamunye yintengo, okungukuthi, ubukhulu benkokhelo. Nokho, ezinye izinkampani zomshwalense zinikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe njengebhonasi kumshwalense oyimpoqo, njengomshwalense wosizo. Ukwengeza, izinqubo zokwenziwa kwenkontileka zabadayisi bomshwalense ngabanye zingahluka, futhi amaphrimiyamu aphansi, ngeshwa, awahlali ehlanganiswa nesevisi yekhwalithi ephezulu. Imibiko yezikhathi engiyishicilelayo ibonisa ukuthi inani lezikhalazo ezifakwe kwezinye izinkampani zomshwalense lidlula kude isabelo sazo semakethe. Lezi zikhalazo azigcini nje ngokubukelwa phansi kokulahlekelwa ngenxa yephutha lesisulu, kodwa futhi nezinkinga zokunqanyulwa kwenkontileka noma izingxabano mayelana nenani lenkokhelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha umshwalense, akufanele ucabangele intengo yomshuwalense kuphela, kodwa futhi nedumela lenkampani yomshuwalense noma umbono wabangane abanolwazi oluningi mayelana nalokhu.
Ithini inqubo yokufaka isikhalazo ku-ombudsman womshwalense?
– Umxazululi wezikhalazo zomshwalense umele izintshisekelo zabanikazi bamapholisi, abantu abanomshwalense, abahlomulayo noma abahlomulayo ngaphansi kwezinkontileka zomshwalense, amalungu ezikhwama zempesheni, ababambiqhaza ezinhlelweni zempesheni yobungcweti kanye nabantu abathola impesheni enkulu noma abahlomuli babo. Laba bantu bathole ithuba lokungithinta ngesikhalo ngodaba lwabo. Ukuze ungenelele, kufanele uthumele isikhalazo esibhaliwe ehhovisi lika-ombudsman womshwalense ekhelini: st. Ierusalimskie 44, 00-024 Warsaw. Isikhalazo kufanele sifake imininingwane yakho, sikhombise inhlangano esemthethweni isimangalo esihlobene nalo, sikhombise inombolo yomshwalense noma yepholisi, futhi sisho ngamaqiniso ngamafuphi amaqiniso ahlobene necala, siphinde sikhombise izimangalo ezibhekiswe kumshwalense kanye nezimpikiswano. ukusekela isikhundla sakho. . Kufanele futhi ubeke okulindelekile mayelana nendlela icala elizoxazululwa ngayo, okungukuthi noma kuzoba ukungenelela ezindabeni zenkampani yomshwalense noma isitatimende sesikhundla ecaleni. Ikhophi yencwadi yokuxhumana nenkampani yomshwalense kanye neminye imibhalo efanele kufanele ifakwe esikhalweni. Uma umfakisicelo emelela omunye umuntu, amandla ommeli amgunyaza ukuthi amele lowo muntu kufanele afakwe.
Ihhovisi lika-Ombudsman lihlinzeka ngolwazi lwamahhala nezeluleko ngocingo kanye nokuphendula imibuzo nge-imeyili. Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalolu daba lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi ethi www.rzu.gov.pl.
Ngonyaka odlule, ngesicelo sikanobhala wezezindaba, iNkantolo Ephakeme yakhipha isinqumo sokuthi kuqashwe imoto eshintshayo yezisulu. Uyini umphumela walokhu?
- Esinqumweni sangomhla ziyi-17 kuNovemba 2011 (ngaphandle kweNo. III ChZP 05/11 - inothi lomhleli), iNkantolo Ephakeme yaqinisekisa ukuthi lapho ifaka umshwalense wemfanelo ezinkampanini zangaphandle, isibopho somshwalense ngomonakalo noma ukucekelwa phansi kwemoto engasetshenziswanga. Izinjongo zebhizinisi yizindleko zamabomu nezomnotho ezinengqondo zokuqasha imoto eshintshwayo ziyakhava, kodwa azincikile ekungakwazini kohlukunyezwa ukusebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, iphuzu lokuqasha imoto eshintshwayo akukhona nje ukuqhuba ibhizinisi, njengoba izinkampani zomshuwalense zishilo ngaphambili, kodwa futhi ukuyisebenzisela ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Inkantolo iphinde yabelana ngombono wethu wokuthi ukubuyiselwa kwezindleko zokushintsha imoto angeke kube nemibandela kumuntu olimele okufakazela ukuthi akakwazi noma akakhululekile ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi. Ngokusho kweNkantolo Ephakeme, ukuqasha imoto eshintshwayo akulungile uma umuntu olimele enenye imoto, yamahhala futhi esebenzisekayo, noma engahlosile ukuyisebenzisa ngokuqasha enye imoto, noma engazange ayisebenzise ngesikhathi sokukhanda. Kufanele futhi ukhumbule ukuthi imoto eqashwayo kufanele ibe yezinga elifanayo nemoto eyonakele, futhi amanani okuqasha kufanele ahambisane namanani angempela akhona emakethe yendawo.
