Izinjini zeVolkswagen Passat

IVolkswagen Passat iyimoto ephakathi nendawo engaphansi kwesigaba D. Le moto isisabalele emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphansi kwe-hood yayo ungathola anhlobonhlobo amayunithi amandla. Zonke izinjini ezisetshenzisiwe zithuthukisiwe ngesikhathi sazo. Imoto inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu kanye nokunethezeka okuhle kakhulu kokushayela.

Incazelo emfushane yeVolkswagen Passat

IVolkswagen Passat yethulwa okokuqala ngo-1973. Ekuqaleni ibingenalo igama layo futhi ingene ngaphansi kophawu 511. Imoto ibifana ne-Audi 80. Imoto ithathe indawo yeVolkswagen Type 3 neType 4. Imoto ibihlinzekwe ngemizimba emihlanu:

• i-sedan enezicabha ezimbili;
• i-sedan enezicabha ezine;
• i-hatchback eneminyango emithathu;
• i-hatchback enezicabha ezinhlanu;
• isitimela esinezicabha ezinhlanu.

Isizukulwane sokuqala iVolkswagen Passat

Isizukulwane sesibili iVolkswagen Passat yavela ngo-1980. Ngokungafani nemodeli yangaphambili, imoto yathola izibani ezinkulu zesikwele. Emakethe yaseMelika, iPassat yathengiswa ngaphansi kwamanye amagama: Quantum, Corsar, Santana. Inqola yesiteshi yaqanjwa ngokuthi Okuhlukile.

Isizukulwane sesibili

NgoFebhuwari 1988, isizukulwane sesithathu iVolkswagen Passat yaqala ukudayiswa. Imoto ibingenayo i-radiator grille. Isici esihlukile kwaba ubukhona bamalambu angemuva. Imoto yakhiwe endaweni yokusebenzela yakwaVolkswagen Golf, hhayi i-Audi. Ngo-1989, ukuguqulwa kwamasondo wonke okubizwa ngokuthi i-Syncro kwaqala ukudayiswa.

Volkswagen Passat isizukulwane sesithathu

Isizukulwane sesine savela ngo-1993. Imoto ine-radiator grill futhi. Isibuyekezo sithinte ububanzi bamayunithi amandla. Amaphaneli omzimba nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kushintshe kancane. Iningi lezimoto ezidayisiwe bekungama-station wagon.

Volkswagen Passat isizukulwane sesine

I-Volkswagen Passat yesimanje

Isizukulwane sesihlanu iVolkswagen Passat yethulwa emphakathini ngo-1996. Izinto eziningi zemoto ziphinde zahlanganiswa nezimoto ze-Audi. Lokhu kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa amayunithi amandla anamandla. Maphakathi no-2001, i-Passat yesizukulwane sesihlanu yashintshwa kabusha, kodwa izinguquko zaziyizimonyo.

IVolkswagen Passat yesizukulwane sesihlanu

NgoMashi 2005, iVolkswagen Passat yesizukulwane sesithupha yethulwa eGeneva Motor Show. Emotweni, isiteji seGolf siphinde sakhethwa esikhundleni se-Audi. Imoto inohlelo lwenjini ephambanayo, hhayi eyelongitudinal njengesizukulwane sesihlanu. Kukhona nePassat edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, lapho itorque efika ku-50% ikwazi ukulethwa emasondweni angemuva uma i-asi yangaphambili ishibilika.

Isizukulwane sesithupha

Ngo-Okthoba 2, 2010, iVolkswagen Passat yesizukulwane sesikhombisa yethulwa eParis Motor Show. Imoto iqale ukudayiswa izidumbu ze-sedan kanye ne-station wagon. Imoto ayinakho umehluko ophawulekayo kusukela kumodeli yangaphambilini. I-Passat yesizukulwane sesikhombisa ithole inamba yemisebenzi emisha, eyinhloko yayo yile:

• ukulawulwa kokumiswa okuguquguqukayo;
• ibhuleki eziphuthumayo zedolobha;
• izinkomba ezingabenyezi;
• uhlelo lokubona ukukhathala komshayeli;
• izibani zangaphambili eziguqukayo.

Isizukulwane sesikhombisa iVolkswagen Passat

Ngo-2014, isizukulwane sesishiyagalombili seVolkswagen Passat saqala ukuvela eParis Motor Show. I-VW MQB Modularer Querbaukasten yesikhulumi se-modular transverse matrix sisetshenziswe njengesisekelo. Imoto ithole iphaneli yensimbi entsha ye-Active Info Display, ebonakala ngokuba khona kwesikrini esikhulu esisebenzisanayo. Isizukulwane sesishiyagalombili sinombukiso ohoxiswayo ohoxiswayo. Ibonisa ulwazi lwejubane lwakamuva namathiphu avela ohlelweni lokuzulazula.

Isizukulwane sesishiyagalombili iVolkswagen Passat

Uhlolojikelele lwezinjini ezizukulwaneni ezahlukene zezimoto

IVolkswagen Passat isiphenduke enye yezimoto ezidayiswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kwafezwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokusebenzisa inhlobonhlobo yezitshalo eziphehla ugesi. Ngaphansi kwe-hood ungathola kokubili izinjini zikaphethiloli ne-diesel. Ungakwazi ukuzijwayeza ngezinjini ezisetshenziswa kuPassat usebenzisa ithebula elingezansi.

Amayunithi kagesi weVolkswagen Passat

Imodeli yemoto	Izinjini ezifakiwe
Isizukulwane sokuqala (B1)
IVolkswagen Passat 1973	YV WA WB WC
Isizukulwane sokuqala (B2)
IVolkswagen Passat 1981	RF EZ EP SA WV YP NE JN PV WN JK CY WE
Isizukulwane sokuqala (B3)
IVolkswagen Passat 1988	RA 1F I-AAM RP PF PB KR PG 1Y AAZ I-VAG 2E I-VAG 2E 9A AAA
Isizukulwane sokuqala (B4)
IVolkswagen Passat 1993	I-AEK I-AAM ABS AAZ 1Z I-AFN I-VAG 2E I-ABF I-ABF AAA ABV
Isizukulwane sokuqala (B5)
IVolkswagen Passat 1997	Adp I-AHL esithi asifane nesika ANA ARM ADR I-APT I-ARG I-ANQ I-AEB UMZIMBA I-AFN I-AJM I-AGZ I-AFB I-AKN I-ACK I-ALG
Ukulungiswa kabusha kweVolkswagen Passat 2000	ALZ I-AWT I-AWL I-BGC I-AVB AWX I-AVF BGW BHW I-AZM BFF ALT I-BDG I-BDH UKWAKHIWA AMX I-ATQ I-BDN BDP
Isizukulwane sokuqala (B6)
IVolkswagen Passat 2005	IBHOKISI kwe CD I-BSE BSF I-CCSA I-BLF I-BLP I-CAYC I-BZB I-CDAA I-CBDC I-BKP WJEC I-CBBB I-BLR I-BVX I-BVY I-CAB AXZ I-BWS
Isizukulwane sokuqala (B7)
IVolkswagen Passat 2010	IBHOKISI I-CTHD I-CKMA kwe CD I-CAYC I-CBAB I-CBAB I-CLLA I-CFGB I-CFGC CCZB I-BWS
Isizukulwane sesi-8 (B8 kanye ne-B8.5)
IVolkswagen Passat 2014	I-CZCA PURE I-CHEA I-CUK I-CUCB I-CUKC UDADAIST I-DCXA I-CJSA I-CRLB I-CUA I-DDAA I-CHHB CJX
Ukulungiswa kabusha kweVolkswagen Passat 2019	UDADAIST I-CJSA

Izinjini ezithandwayo

Ezizukulwaneni zokuqala zeVolkswagen Passat, iyunithi yamandla ye-VAG 2E yathola ukuthandwa. Uhlelo lwakhe lokuphatha olubanzi lwalungolwesimanje kakhulu ngesikhathi saso. Insiza yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi idlula izinkulungwane ezingama-500 km. I-cast iron cylinder block inikeza umkhawulo omkhulu wokuphepha, ukuze injini ikhuliswe.

Iyunithi yamandla ye-VAG 2E

Enye injini eyayidumile kwakuyinjini ye-CAXA. Ayizange ifakwe kuphela kuVolkswagen Passat, kodwa nakwezinye izimoto zomkhiqizo. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izishaya ngomjovo oqondile kanye ne-turbocharging. Isizinda sikagesi sizwela izinga likaphethiloli.

Injini ye-CAXA

Izinjini zikadizili nazo ziyaduma kwiVolkswagen Passat. Isibonelo esimangalisayo senjini evamile evuthayo yangaphakathi injini ye-BKP. Injini ifakwe ama-piezoelectric pump injectors. Abonisanga ukuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu, ngakho iVolkswagen yawashiya kumamodeli enjini alandelayo.

Imboni yokuphehla udizili i-BKP

Injini ye-AXZ isithole ukuduma kumaVolkswagen Passats adonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Lena enye yezinjini ezinamandla kakhulu ezivuthayo ezisetshenziswa kule moto. Injini inomthamo ongu-3.2 litres. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi inamandla angu-250 hp.

Injini enamandla ye-AXZ

Enye yezinjini zesimanje kakhulu iyunithi yamandla ye-DADA. Injini ikhiqizwa kusukela ngo-2017 futhi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu. I-motor inesimo esihle kakhulu semvelo. Impilo yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ithintwa yi-aluminium cylinder block. Ngakho-ke, akuwona wonke amayunithi wamandla e-DADA akwazi ukumboza izinkulungwane ezingama-300+ km.

Injini yesimanje ye-DADA

Iyiphi injini engcono ukukhetha iVolkswagen Passat

Lapho ukhetha i-Volkswagen Passat esetshenzisiwe kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhiqiza, kunconywa ukuba unake imoto enenjini ye-VAG 2E. Injini ingenye ethembekile esigabeni sayo. Ukwehluleka, naphezu kweminyaka yobudala yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, akuvamile. Ukuvuza kukawoyela namasongo episton abambekile kungaqedwa kalula kusetshenziswa i-bulkhead, eqondiswa ukwakheka okulula kwenjini.

IVolkswagen Passat enenjini ye-VAG 2E

IVolkswagen Passat esekelwayo enenjini ye-CAXA nayo ingaba yisinqumo esihle. Ukuduma kwenjini kuqeda izinkinga ngokuthola izingxenye eziyisipele. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi inomklamo olula, ngakho ukulungisa okuncane kulula ukuzenza ngokwakho. Injini izwela ngezikhathi zokunakekela.

Injini ye-CAXA

Lapho ukhetha i-Volkswagen Passat enenjini ye-BKP, udinga ukuqaphela ngokukhethekile. Ama-injection epompo e-piezoelectric azwela ikhwalithi yamafutha. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa imoto kude negalaji elihle likaphethiloli, kutuswa ukushiya inketho yemoto nge-BKP. Noma kunjalo, ngokulungiswa okufanele kanye nophethiloli ojwayelekile, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izikhombisa ukuthi ithembekile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.

Injini ye-diesel BKP

Uma ufuna ukuba nemoto enamandla edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, kuyanconywa ukuthi uyibhekisise i-AXZ. Amandla enjini aphezulu akhuthaza ukushayela okunemidlalo. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayibonisi ukuphuka okungalindelekile. Kubalulekile futhi ukubheka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuka kakhulu kuma-AXZ asekelwayo.

I-AXZ powerplant

Lapho ukhetha i-Volkswagen Passat kusukela eminyakeni yakamuva yokukhiqiza, kunconywa ukuba unake imoto enenjini ye-DADA. Injini izofanela ngokuphelele abantu abakhathalela imvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ikhiqiza amandla amangalisayo. Isikhungo sikagesi sizwela izinga likaphethiloli othelwayo.

Injini ye-DADA

Ukukhethwa kukawoyela

Lapho ukhetha uwoyela, kutuswa ukugxila esizukulwaneni semoto. Ama-Volkswagen Passat akudala anezinjini ezigugayo zangaphakathi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukhethe okokugcoba okujiyile. Ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, amafutha angu-5W30 no-5W40 alungile. Le nto yokugcoba ingena kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlikihla bese yenza ifilimu ethembekile.

Ukugcwalisa injini yeVolkswagen Passat, abathengisi abasemthethweni batusa ukusebenzisa uwoyela onophawu kuphela. Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukwengeza noma yiziphi izithasiselo. Lapho ezisebenzisa, umnikazi wemoto ulahlekelwa iwaranti yemoto yakhe. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha avela kubakhiqizi bezinkampani zangaphandle kuvunyelwe, kodwa i-lubricant kufanele ibe yokwenziwa futhi ihambisane ne-viscosity.

Lapho ukhetha uwoyela, kubalulekile ukucabangela isifunda sokusebenza kweVolkswagen Passat. Ezimweni ezibandayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-viscous lubricant encane. Kuzokwenza kube lula ukuqala injini emakhazeni. Ezimweni ezishisayo, kunconywa ukuthi wengeze amafutha aminyene. Kulesi simo, ifilimu enokwethenjelwa kakhulu izokwakhiwa kuma-friction pair, futhi ingozi yokuvuza kwamafutha kanye nama-gaskets avuzayo izoncishiswa.

Umdwebo wokukhethwa kwamafutha kuye ngezinga lokushisa elizungezile

Ukuthembeka kwezinjini kanye nobuthakathaka bazo

Izinjini eziningi zakwaVolkswagen Passat zinomshini wokulinganisa isikhathi. Ngokugijima kwe-100-200 km, i-chain ilula. Kukhona ingozi yokuthi igxume, okuvame ukuholela ekutheni ama-piston ashaye ama-valve. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha idrayivu yesikhathi futhi esikhundleni seketanga ngesikhathi esifanele.

Uchungechunge lunwebeka enjini yeVolkswagen Passat

Elinye iphuzu elibuthakathaka lezitshalo zamandla zakwaVolkswagen Passat ukuzwela kuphethiloli. EYurophu, uphethiloli usezingeni eliphezulu kunezimo zasekhaya. Ngakho-ke, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni akha ezinjinini zeVolkswagen. Kubangela ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.

Nagar

Inkinga evamile izinjini zakwaVolkswagen Passat ezihlangabezana nazo ukwehla kokucindezelwa. Isizathu salokhu silele ekuphekeni izindandatho zepiston. Ukwenzeka kwazo kungaqedwa ngokulungisa kabusha futhi kufakwe izingxenye ezingenasici. Ukuxazulula izinkinga zezinjini zangaphakathi ezivuthayo kulula kakhulu ngenxa yobulula bomklamo.

Amasongo episton aphekiwe

Izikolo nokuguga okwedlulele kwamasilinda kuvame ukutholakala ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezigciniwe. Endabeni ye-cast iron block, inkinga ingaqedwa ngokubhoreka nokusebenzisa ikhithi yokulungisa eyenziwe ngomumo. Kulokhu, ukulungiswa akunconywa kumabhulokhi we-aluminium cylinder. Azinawo umkhawulo owanele wokuphepha futhi azikwazi ukuphinda zifakwe imikhono.

Ukuhlolwa kwesibuko sesilinda senjini yeVolkswagen Passat

Izinjini zesimanje zakwaVolkswagen Passat zinogesi osezingeni eliphezulu. Ivamise ukubhidlika. Ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuthola inkinga ngokuzihlola wena. Ikakhulukazi, izinzwa ezithile ziba nephutha.

Ukugcinwa kwamayunithi amandla

Izinjini zesizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili seVolkswagen Passat zinokugcinwa okuhle kakhulu. Iwa kancane kancane ngokukhululwa kwesizukulwane esisha ngasinye sezimoto. Isizathu salokhu sisebunzimeni bomklamo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside kanye nezidingo ezikhulayo zokunemba kobukhulu obuthile bezingxenye. Ukufika kwezinto zikagesi kube nomthelela othize ekuwohlokeni kokugcinwa kahle.

Ukulungiswa okuncane kwezinjini zeVolkswagen Passat, kukhona izinto zokulungisa esezilungile. Akhiqizwa ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi bezinkampani zangaphandle, kodwa ungathola izingxenye ezisele ezinophawu. Isibonelo, ukwakha kabusha idrayivu yesikhathi ngeke kube nzima ngisho nasezinjinini lapho uchungechunge lwenzelwe yonke impilo yesevisi yenjini. Ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi ekushayeleni isikhathi kuvame ukuqeda izinkinga ezinkulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuthi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza kanjani.

Lungisa ikhithi yokushayela isikhathi iVolkswagen Passat

Ukulungiswa okuncane, isibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kwekhanda le-cylinder, kuphathwa cishe yibo bonke ochwepheshe beziteshi zesevisi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ezizukulwaneni zokuqala, akunzima ukwenza ukulungisa okunjalo ngokwakho. Ukugcinwa kwezinjini zeVolkswagen Passat akuvamile ukuhambisana nobunzima. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ukuklama kwenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo.

I-cylinder head bulkhead

Ukulungisa okukhulu akuyona inkinga ezinjinini ezine-cast iron cylinder block. Lezi ikakhulukazi izinjini zeVolkswagen Passat eziyisizukulwane esingu-1-6. Izimoto zesimanje zifakwe izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ezithathwa ngokusemthethweni njengezilahlwayo. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwasebenzisa, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, kutuswa ukuba esikhundleni sazo ngenjini yenkontileka.

Ukushintshwa kwenjini ye-CAXA

Izinjini zeVolkswagen Passat azivamile ukuba nezinkinga ezinkulu nge-electronics. Ukuzihlola ngokuvamile kusiza ukulungisa ngokuhlonza inzwa enephutha. Kulokhu, ukuwohloka kwe-elekthronikhi kuqedwa ngokufaka esikhundleni sesici esihlulekile, kunokuba silungise. Ukuthola izingxenye ezisele ezifanele ezithengiswayo ngokuvamile akunzima, ngoba izinjini zeVolkswagen Passat zivame kakhulu.

Ukucushwa kwenjini yeVolkswagen Passat

Iningi lamandla kagesi wakwaVolkswagen Passat ajwayele ukushajwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinjinini ezine-cast iron cylinder block. Kodwa izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi eziphonswe ku-aluminium nazo zinemikhawulo eyanele yokuphepha ukuze zilethe amandla amahhashi amaningana ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwempilo yesevisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho mingcele ekukhetheni indlela yokulungisa iyunithi yamandla.

Enye yezindlela ezidume kakhulu zokwandisa amandla enjini ukucushwa kwayo kwe-chip. Ukukhuphula ngokukhanyisa kufanelekile ezizukulwaneni zakamuva zeVolkswagen Passat. Izinjini zabo ziklinywe imithetho yemvelo. I-chip tuning ikuvumela ukuthi uvule amandla aphelele enjini.

I-chip tuning ingaba nenye injongo ngaphandle kokwandisa amandla enjini. Ukukhanyisa kabusha i-ECU kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amanye amapharamitha wesikhungo samandla. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwe-chip tuning, ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto ngaphandle kokuwohloka kakhulu amandla. Ukukhanyisa kabusha kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi futhi kuyivumelanisa nesitayela sokushayela somnikazi wemoto.

Ukwenyuka kancane kwamandla, ukushuna okukha phezulu kusetshenziswa. Kulokhu, ama-pulleys alula, isihlungi esingamelana ne-zero kanye nesistimu yokukhipha okuqondile okugeleza kuyasetshenziswa. Ukushuna ukukhanya kwengeza i-5-20 hp. Ithinta amasistimu ahlobene, hhayi injini ngokwayo.

Ukuze kubonakale ukwanda kwamandla, ukushuna okujulile kuyanconywa. Kulokhu, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishintshiwe futhi ezinye izakhi zithathelwa indawo izingxenye ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ukushuna okunjalo kuhlala kuhambisana nengozi yokulimaza ngokungenakulungiseka iyunithi yamandla. Ukuze uthuthukise, kungcono ukhethe injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-cast iron cylinder block. Ukwandisa amandla kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-pistons akhiwe, i-crankshaft nezinye izakhi.

Isethi yamapiston esitokwe ukuze ashunwe

Shintshanisa izinjini

Ukushintshashintsha kwezinjini kusukela ezizukulwaneni zakuqala zeVolkswagen Passat kuya kuncipha njalo ngonyaka. Ama-motor awanakho ukusebenza okwanele okuguquguqukayo nokusebenza kahle. Ukushintshana kwabo kuvame ukwenzeka ezimotweni zeminyaka efanayo zokwakhiwa. Amamotho afaneleka kahle ukushintshaniswa njengoba anomklamo olula.

Shintshanisa amasheya VAG 2E

Izinjini zezizukulwane zakamuva zeVolkswagen Passat zidume kakhulu ngokushintshaniswa. Zithembekile futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Ubunzima ngokuvamile buvela kuma-electronics. Ngemva kokushintshana, ingxenye yephaneli yezinsimbi ingase iyeke ukusebenza.

I-injini yeVolkswagen Passat inkulu kakhulu, esiza ukushintshanisa ezinye izinjini. Ubunzima ngokuvamile buhlotshaniswa nendawo engavamile yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kwezinye izizukulwane zeVolkswagen Passat. Naphezu kwalokhu, abanikazi bezimoto bavame ukusebenzisa izinjini ze-1JZ ne-2JZ ukushintshanisa. Lezi zinjini ziboleka kahle ekushuneni, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze iVolkswagen Passat ibe namandla kakhulu.

Ukuthengwa kwenjini yenkontileka

Kunenqwaba yezinjini zenkontileka yakwaVolkswagen Passat zazo zonke izizukulwane ezidayiswayo. Izinjini ezivela ezimotweni kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhiqiza zinokugcinwa okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngisho nekhophi "ebulewe" ingabuyiselwa. Noma kunjalo, akufanele uthathe injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-cylinder block ephukile noma eshintshe i-geometry yayo. Intengo elinganiselwe yama-motor esizukulwane sokuqala ingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60-140.

Injini yenkontileka

Amayunithi kagesi ezizukulwaneni zakamuva zeVolkswagen Passat athathwa njengalahlwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga injini yenkontileka enjalo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuxilongweni kokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuhlola kokubili i-electronics kanye nengxenye yemishini. Izindleko ezilinganiselwe zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi iVolkswagen Passat ifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200.