Izinjini zeToyota Nadia
Okuqukethwe
Ngo-1998-2003, i-auto giant yaseJapane iToyota yajabulisa isifunda saseMpumalanga Ekude, "esilungiselelwe" ukushayela kwesokudla, ngokukhululwa kwe-minivan enhle ye-Nadia. Abathandi bezimoto baseYurophu abazange babe nethuba lokuthenga le moto ezindaweni ezithengisa izimoto, ngoba yayikhiqizelwa imakethe yezimoto yaseJapane kuphela. Kunalokho, izakhamuzi Russian Trans-Urals bakwazi ukwazisa ubuhle kanye lula imoto Nadiya (noma Nadya, njengoba amaRussia ngokuthi kafushane futhi ngothando). Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezimoto zabagibeli eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude zihamba kwesokudla.
Umlando wokudalwa nokukhiqiza
Imoto yomndeni ehlala abantu abahlanu uNadia yaklanywa ithimba labaklami beToyota automaker ngo-1998. Isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwayo kwaba ngabanduleli ababili - inkundla ye-Ipsum enemigqa emithathu eyavela eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili (kubathengi baseYurophu - iToyota Picnic), neGaia. Uma uthi nhlá isithombe semoto entsha ucabange ukuthi, njengoba iyiveni elincane ngokwesakhiwo, ifana kakhulu nenqola yesiteshi.
I-Nadia ilungele ukuhamba komndeni. Imoto ifakwe ingaphakathi elivulekile, eliguquleka kalula. I-rationalism yaseJapane yenza kube nokwenzeka ukufaka enye ingxenye enkulu yemithwalo ophahleni.
Kulabo abahlezi okokuqala esihlalweni esingenalutho ngokungavamile kwesokunxele emgqeni ongaphambili, kwakumangaza ukubona indawo ephansi ye-cabin, efana ne-tram yesimanje.
Ukuphakama kwayo ngokweqile kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile. Kodwa lezi zinto ezincane ziphaphathekile uma ziqhathaniswa nokunethezeka okungavamile kwengaphakathi kanye nobukhulu beminyango nezihlalo. Izinto zokuqedela ezingabizi kanye nepulasitiki efakwe ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izindawo ihambisana ngokuvumelana ukunambitheka okwenziwe ngayo umklamo.
AmaJapane enza okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe bemodeli ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nendlela okwenziwa ngayo izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu:
- isiteringi samandla;
- ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu;
- izesekeli zamandla ezigcwele;
- ukukhiya okuphakathi nendawo;
- isistimu yomsindo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-TV (nesidingo sezilungiselelo ezengeziwe zohlelo lwe-Secam DK).
Imoto yangena ochungechungeni lwe-SU ngezinguqulo ezimbili:
- wonke amasondo;
- i-front-wheel drive.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesikhungo samandla, wonke ama-minivans e-Nadia ayefakwe umshini ozenzakalelayo kuphela. Ababe nenjabulo yokubona le moto emigwaqeni yase-Europe yaseRussia bazwakalise ukudideka kwabo ngokungabi bikho kwe-analogue yase-Europe.
Izinjini zeToyota Nadia, nokunye
"Inhliziyo" yesikhungo sikagesi saseNadi iyinjini engu-2,0-litre inline four-cylinder kaphethiloli. Kusetshenziswe ukuguqulwa okuthathu kwezinjini:
| Ukumaka | Ivolumu, l. | Thayipha | Ivolumu, | Amandla amakhulu, kW / hp | Isistimu yamandla |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cm 3 | |||||
| 3S-FE | 2 | uphethiloli | 1998 | 99/135 | I-DOHC |
| I-3S-FSE | 2 | -: - | 1998 | 107/145 | -: - |
| 1AZ-FSE | 2 | -: - | 1998 | 112/152 | -: - |
Ukuqala ngokuguqulwa kwe-3S-FSE, injini isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bomjovo oqondile wokuguqula izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi - D-4. Ingqikithi yayo isethubeni lomjovo we- layer-by-layer kanye nokusebenza kwengxube kaphethiloli engenawo amandla. Uphethiloli uhlinzekwa kusetshenziswa iphampu yomjovo kaphethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-120 bar. Isilinganiso sokuminyanisa (10/1) singaphezulu kwesenjini evamile ye-DOHC yemodeli yangaphambilini - 3S-FSE. Injini isebenza ngezindlela ezintathu zokuhlanganisa:
- abampofu kakhulu;
- i-homogeneous;
- amandla ajwayelekile.
Ukuqhubeka okunengqondo komkhiqizo omusha kwaba injini enamandla kakhulu ye-1AZ-FSE. Ngenxa yesimo esishintshiwe se-injector, i-piston kanye negumbi lomlilo, kwaba nokwenzeka ukudala ingxube kaphethiloli ngokuqondile, kokubili okulinganayo kanye ne-layer (evamile noma ephansi) ingxube kaphethiloli. Lapho ushayela ngesivinini esingaguquki esingu-60 km/h, ukucebisa kwenziwa kanye njalo ngemizuzu engu-1-2. Izinga lokushisa lepayipi liyancishiswa kusetshenziswa uketshezi olujwayelekile lokupholisa.
Ukusebenza kwe-valve ye-recirculation kulawulwa uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi olusebenza kunethiwekhi yekhompiyutha eyodwa yokulawula imoto.
Izinjini ezitholwe yizimoto zikaNadia zafakwa kwezinye izinhlobo zeToyota:
| Imodeli | 3S-FE | I-3S-FSE | 1AZ-FSE |
|---|---|---|---|
| imoto | |||
| Toyota | |||
| Izigidi | * | ||
| I-Avensis | * | * | |
| Caldina | * | * | |
| Camry | * | ||
| UCarina | * | ||
| UCarina E | * | ||
| UCarina ED | * | ||
| ICelica | * | ||
| Corona | * | ||
| ICorona Exiv | * | ||
| Umklomelo Womqhele | * | * | |
| ICorona SF | * | ||
| UCurren | * | ||
| UGaia | * | * | |
| I-Ipsum | * | ||
| Isis | * | ||
| U-Ace omncane | * | * | |
| Nadia | * | * | |
| uNowa | * | ||
| Opha | * | ||
| Picnic | * | ||
| Umklomelo | * | ||
| I-RAV 4 | * | * | |
| Town Ace Noah | * | ||
| Vista | * | * | * |
| Ukubuka kwe-Ardeo | * | * | * |
| I-Voxy | * | ||
| Wish | * | ||
| Inani: | 21 | 4 | 14 |
Injini edume kakhulu yeNadya
Okudume kakhulu kwaba ummeleli "omncane" wochungechunge - injini ye-3S-FE. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 nelama-1986, yafakwa kumamodeli angama-2000 eToyota ekucushweni okuhlukene. Imodeli yaqala ukuphuma emgqeni womhlangano ngo-215. Ukukhiqiza kwaphela ngo-232, ngokufika kwezinguquko zesimanje. Inkomba yemvelo - 9,8-180 g/km. Isilinganiso sokucindezela - 200. I-torque enkulu - kufika ku-XNUMX N*m. Impilo yenjini iyizinkulungwane ezingama-XNUMX km.
Abaklami ngamabomu abazange "baphakamise" isilinganiso samandla enjini, befuna ukuyihlomisa ngokuguqulwa okuningi kwezimoto zeToyota ngangokunokwenzeka. “Indawo” yayo inguthelawayeka onesivinini esikhulu onomgwaqo omuhle. Yilapho uNadia onenjini ye-D-4 anikeze khona ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Abaklami baseJapan bancome izinhlobo ezimbalwa njengophethiloli wale njini yomlilo yangaphakathi:
- I-AI-92;
- I-AI-95;
Kodwa ngokwezimo zobuchwepheshe, uphethiloli oyinhloko wawusengu-92.
I-cylinder block yenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe futhi ikhanda le-cylinder lenziwe nge-aluminium. Isistimu ye-electronic ignition ye-DIS-2 isebenzise amakhoyili amabili, eyodwa kupheya ngalinye lamasilinda. Isistimu yokujova amafutha - electronic, EFI. Uhlelo lokusabalalisa igesi lunama-camshaft amabili aphezulu. Uhlelo - 4/16, DOHC.
Kukho konke ukuthembeka kwayo nokugcinwa okuhle kakhulu, i-3S-FE yakhunjulwa ngabashisekeli bezimoto ngomphumela owodwa ongasho lutho.
Ibhande lesikhathi linokuphila kwesevisi okufushane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isetshenziselwa ukuqala iphampu yamanzi kanye nepompo yamafutha. Enye i-nuance ye-3S-FE: uma injini yango-1996 noma ngaphambili, i-viscosity yamafutha asetshenzisiwe kufanele ibe 5W50. Zonke izinguqulo zakamuva zenjini zisebenza kuwoyela we-5W30. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukugcwalisa uwoyela we-viscosity ehlukile kuToyota Nadia (1998-2004).
Ukukhetha okuhle kwemoto kaNadia
Kulokhu, yonke into izinzile, ejwayelekile futhi icocekile ngesi-Japanese. Ukuguqulwa kwenjini ngakunye okulandelayo kunokusebenza okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe, ukwethembeka nokusebenza. KwaToyota Nadia, ukukhetha okuhle yi-1AZ-FSE.
Enye yezinto ezintsha ezisetshenziswa onjiniyela lapho bethuthukisa injini kwakuwukuguquguquka kwe-inertial kokugeleza kwe-vortex. Ngenxa yokuma okusha kombhobho womjovo, ijethi, esikhundleni somumo oyiconical, yathatha ukubukeka kwesilinda esiminyene. Ibanga lokucindezela - kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-130 bar. Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka i-injector bushintshe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezidingekayo zadalwa ukuze kube khona umjovo wengxube kaphethiloli enciphile kakhulu.
Ithimba lonjiniyela laseJapane elinolwazi lwethimba lonjiniyela lilethe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuncane kumodi yokuhamba ngesikebhe ku-autobahn ku-5,5 amalitha nge-100 km ngayinye.
Nakuba bengekho ngomqondo oqinile wegama abasunguli bobuchwepheshe bokuhambisa uphethiloli oqondile, onjiniyela bakwaToyota bathole ukuthi banganciphisa kanjani ukukhishwa kwamayunithi ahlushwa izinsalela zengxube kaphethiloli engenawo amandla ezindongeni zamasilinda.
Yile njini eyaba ngeyokuqala, izinga lokukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuvumele ukuthi yethulwe kabanzi emikhiqizweni emisha yakwaToyota.
Nokho, le njini futhi has "skeleton in the closet" yayo. Naphezu komqondo wesimanje kanye nesakhiwo, ukubuyekezwa kwembule "i-bouquet" yonke yamaphutha amancane (hhayi amancane kakhulu) athinta kakhulu amaphakethe abanikazi bezimoto:
- ukungabi nezilinganiso zokulungisa ze-cylinder block;
- ukugcinwa okuphansi ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezisele zithathelwa indawo amayunithi;
- ukucindezela okuphezulu kuholela ekuhlulekeni njalo kwe-injector kanye nepompo yomjovo;
- ukuntula izinto eziningi ezihlukene (ipulasitiki).
Ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli okuqondile kudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinga likaphethiloli othelwa emathangeni. Kwaba inkinga kaphethiloli ukuthi phakathi nawo-2000 kwaba isizathu sokuthi abanikazi ukuguqulwa ahlukahlukene "Toyota Nadia" waqala ukulahla izimoto zabo, okuyinto ngokuvamile ehloniphekile kakhulu izinga, esivuna izinto ezilondolozekayo futhi kwezomnotho.
