Izinjini zeToyota Land Cruiser Prado
Okuqukethwe
Ngo-1987, ithimba lokuklama i-Toyota laqala ukwenza inguqulo elula ye-SUV ye-Land Cruiser esindayo - imodeli engu-70. Inguqulo yemoto enezicabha ezintathu ibe yimpumelelo enkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqhubeka kwayo ngempumelelo kube yimoto engasindi, enethezekile enezicabha ezinhlanu, eyaqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngo-1990. Imoto entsha edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo emgwaqeni yohlaka, enegiya lokunciphisa, ama-asi aqinile angemuva nangaphambili, ithole igama elithi Prado.
Umlando wokudalwa nokukhiqiza
Eyokuqala, ebukeka njenge-angular, enamafasitela aphezulu angama-rectangular, kanye ne-squat injini ephansi, imoto ibonakala ingavamile kakhulu kusukela ekuphakameni kweminyaka edlule. Imfihlo ilula: abaklami abayiklami neze njenge-SUV. Ungene emakethe yomhlaba esesimweni semoto yomndeni enesimo sezulu sonke - imoto ehamba yonke indawo enamasondo. Indawo yokuhlangana yama-SUV ePrado iyindawo yobunjiniyela yakwaToyota, ulayini wokuhlangana eTahara Plant e-Aichi Prefecture.
- Isizukulwane sokuqala (1990-1996).
Ngaphakathi emotweni, emigqeni emithathu yezihlalo, ngaphezu komshayeli, abanye abagibeli abayisikhombisa bebengakwazi ukuhlalisa ngokukhululeka. Izinga lokunethezeka lalingakaze libonwe ezimotweni zangaleyo minyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela banikeze iPrado ikhono elihle lokunqamula izwe. Kunengqondo ukuthi zombili izinjini zikaphethiloli nodizili bekufanele zifakwe emotweni enkulu kangaka. Umklamo waba yimpumelelo kangangokuthi iminyaka emihlanu iSUV yathengiswa emazweni ahlukene ngaphandle koshintsho olulodwa lwesakhiwo.
- Isizukulwane sesibili (1996-2002).
Njengasochungechungeni lokuqala, izimoto ezinezicabha ezintathu neziyisihlanu ziphume emgqeni womhlangano. Kodwa umklamo wabo wePrado 90 wawungasafani nokude nekhonsathi yomsunguli wemodeli. Ukumaketha okunolaka kweMitsubishi Pajero kuphoqe abaklami bakwaToyota ukuthi basebenze ngendlela enezithelo. Umumo wozimele osuselwe kungxenyekazi ye-4Runner wenze izinguquko ezinkulu. Esikhundleni se-axle eqhubekayo, ukumiswa okuzimele kwafakwa ngaphambili. Amayunithi okuvimba okuhlukene okubili afakwe emshinini wokushayela wonke amasondo ngegiya lokunciphisa - i-interaxal ne-interaxal yangemuva. Ibanga lenjini liphinde lagcwaliswa ngeyunithi yedizili engu-140 hp turbocharged.
- Isizukulwane sesithathu (2002-2009).
Idizayini yomzimba yesizukulwane sesithathu iPrado 120 yenziwe ochwepheshe baseFrance abavela esitudiyo se-ED2. Ukuguqulwa kweminyango emihlanu kwafinyelela emakethe yaseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elisha. Kodwa abathengi bakwamanye amazwe, njengangaphambili, nabo banikezwa inguqulo yeminyango emithathu. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemoto zenze isimanje sesakhiwo:
- uhlaka;
- ukumiswa ngaphambili;
- umzimba.
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo emisha, umuntu uyakwazi ukuphawula ukubukeka kwe-pneumatic rear suspension, adaptive shock absorbers, up and down assist system, power steering, ABS, nesibuko sikagesi esibuka ngemuva. Umqondo wokushayela kanye nokudluliswa kwemoto akukashintshi. Abasebenzisi banikezwe ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo (4x) kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemishini (5x).
- Isizukulwane sesine (2009 - 2018).
Inkundla entsha isineminyaka eyishumi iphuma kulayini weTahara Plant. Futhi kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokumiswa kokukhiqizwa kweSUV, okuyinto unyaka nonyaka iba yesimanjemanje. Imoto entsha inomklamo ongaphezu kobunjiniyela obusha. Uma ukubukeka kancane kancane kuqeda ukuguqulwa okubukhali kwe-angular kuvumela izimo eziyindilinga ezithambile, khona-ke ukwakheka kwangaphakathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuye kwahlukaniswa ngejometri efanele.
Ukuhlelwa kabusha ngo-2013 kwengeze inani elikhulu lezinto ezintsha zobuhlakani ephaketheni lemoto:
- Imonitha ye-LCD engu-4,2 intshi kudeshibhodi;
- isilawuli selambu elihlukene;
- ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo (ngezinguqulo eziphezulu);
- ikhamera yokubuka engemuva;
- isistimu yokuqala injini ngaphandle kokhiye wokuthungela;
- uhlelo lokumisa i-kinetic stabilization;
- uhlelo lokulawula i-trailer sway.
Lolu hlu lungaqhutshekwa ngokungapheli. Ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zabathengi, abadali bePrado balungiselele izinguqulo ezine eziyisisekelo zamazinga okunquma - Ukungena, Inganekwane, I-Prestige kanye ne-Executive.
Kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lokumiswa emotweni, umshayeli we-Prado SUV yesimanje unokukhethwa okukhulu kwezindlela zokushayela ku-arsenal:
- ezintathu ezijwayelekile - ECO, NORMAL, SPORT;
- okubili okuguquguqukayo - I-SPORT S kanye ne-SPORT S +.
Imodi ngayinye inesethi ngayinye yezilungiselelo zokusebenza kwesiteringi, i-gearbox kanye nama-shock absorbers. Abadali bemoto bacishe bafinyelela umgomo wabo.
Abadali bePrado baye bafinyelela umgomo wabo: i-SUV entsha iseduze ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwezimpawu zayo ku-flagship Land Cruiser 200.
Izinjini zeToyota Land Cruiser Prado
Umdondoshiya odonsa ngawo wonke amasondo angase aqhudelane kahle ngokwesikhathi sokukhiqiza nezinkampani ezinde zemakethe yezimoto, ezakhiwe yithimba leToyota auto concern - Corolla, Chaser, Celica, Camry, RAV4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezizukulwaneni ezimbili zokuqala Prado efakwe amayunithi amabili kuphela - 1KZ-TE futhi 5VZ-FE. Kuphela ngekhulu leminyaka elisha umugqa wama-motor wabuyekezwa kancane. Izindlela ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima zidinga indlela yokuklama engathí sina, futhi ikhiqizwa isikhathi eside. Sekuphele iminyaka engu-28, ziyisithupha kuphela izinjini zakwaToyota ezinophawu olukhulu ezibe yingxenye yesikhungo sikagesi iPrado.
| Ukumaka | Thayipha | Umthamo, cm 3 | Amandla amakhulu, kW / hp | Isistimu yamandla |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1KZ-TE | udizili ushisiwe | 2982 | 92/125 | umjovo we-multipoint, i-OHC |
| I-5VZ-FE | uphethiloli | 3378 | 129/175 | umjovo osabalalisiwe |
| 1GR-FE | -: - | 3956 | 183/249 | -: - |
| 2TR-FE | -: - | 2693 | 120/163 | -: - |
| 1KD-FTV | udizili ushisiwe | 2982 | 127/173 | I-DOHC, i-Common Rail+intercooler |
| I-1GD-FTV | -: - | 2754 | 130/177 | Ujantshi Ojwayelekile |
Naphezu kwezici zobuchwepheshe eziqondile, i-Prado motors yayilungele ukufakwa kwamanye amamodeli amakhulu wezimoto zeToyota (i-16 isiyonke):
| Imodeli | 1KZ-TE | I-5VZ-FE | 1GR-FE | 2TR-FE | 1KD-FTV | I-1GD-FTV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| imoto | ||||||
| Toyota | ||||||
| I-4Runner | * | * | ||||
| I-Grand Hiace | * | * | ||||
| Granviva | * | * | ||||
| UFJ Cruiser | * | |||||
| Fortuner | * | * | * | |||
| Sawubona | * | * | * | * | ||
| I-Hilux PickUp | * | * | * | |||
| Nansi iNkosi iza | * | |||||
| I-Hilux Surf | * | * | * | * | * | |
| I-Land Cruiser | * | |||||
| ILand Cruiser Prado | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| I-Regius | * | |||||
| Royal Ace | * | * | * | |||
| Tacoma | * | * | ||||
| Ukuvakasha kwe-Hiace | * | |||||
| I-Tundra | * | * | ||||
| Inani: | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
Njengenjwayelo, ukunemba kwesi-Japanese nokuthanda ukubala izinzuzo zezomnotho zesikhathi eside kudlale indima. Lapho usebenzisa isimiso sokuhlanganisa ama-nodal, abaphathi nabaklami babengadingi ukuchitha isikhathi nemali ekuklameni amayunithi amasha uma benamakhophi enziwe ngomumo ekhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
Injini edume kakhulu yezimoto zeLand Cruiser Prado
Njengoba zingekho onobuhle eziningi kangaka lapho izinjini efanayo efakwe ku Prado SUV, kunengqondo ukucabangela iyunithi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, iyunithi enamandla kakhulu, i-four-litre petroli 1GR-FE, yaba iqhawe leshumi leminyaka lokuqala lekhulu lama-5 mayelana nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa. I-Premiere yayo ngaphansi kwe-hood ye-Prado esikhundleni se-2002VZ-FE engasasebenzi ngaleso sikhathi yango-XNUMX.
Ngenxa yokuduma okumangalisayo kwama-SUV nama-pickup adonsa ngamasondo angemuva nhlangothi zombili zePacific, ngaphandle kwaseJapan, ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwasungulwa e-United States of America.
Injini ikhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili:
- ngesilawuli sesigaba se-VVTi;
- I-Dual-VVTi.
Umthamo - 3956 cm³. Ihlukile kwamanye amayunithi asetshenziswa ePrado ngohlelo lwamasilinda olumise okwe-V (i-camber angle 60 °). I-torque yenjini ephezulu ku-3200 rpm - 377 N * m. Izici ezingezinhle zezici zobuchwepheshe zifaka inani elikhulu lokukhishwa okuyingozi (kufika ku-352 g / km) nomsindo omkhulu. Ukusebenza kwemibhobho kuzwakala njengokuklabalaza okuthambile kwezinselo zehhashi.
I-aluminium cylinder block, ewuphawu lwenjini ye-Toyota yekhulu leminyaka elisha, ihambisana nama-cast iron liners. Ngemuva kokushintsha ngo-2009 izici ezisinda kakhulu zeqembu le-piston kanye ne-crankshaft ngamasampula alula, ngesilawuli sesigaba se-Dual-VVTi, injini ikwazile ukuthuthukisa i-285 hp.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kabusha, imodi yokuthatha yashintshwa, ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso sokucindezela sikhuphuke saba ngu-10,4: 1.
Kubakhi be-1GR-FE, ngaphandle kwamapiston alula. Kufakwe ikamelo elisha lomlilo le-squish. Inzuzo yalolu lwazi isobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho okuphawuliwe kakade ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuye kwanda (inguqulo yepasipoti - AI-92). Ukufingqa kukaphethiloli kwavinjwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kohlobo olusha lwamachweba okungenisa okwehliswe kancane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-5VZ-FE.
Amakhophi e-pre-styling enjini agweme inkinga enkulu ngendlela yokuvuza kwamafutha. Kodwa enye i-whim ilindele abashayeli: ukushisa okuncane kakhulu kungaholela ekulimazeni kwe-cylinder head gasket. Lokhu kwakudinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe kwindlela yokusebenza yesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-hydraulic lifters. Njalo ngamamayela ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. I-Mileage idinga ukulungiswa kwe-valve clearance kusetshenziswa amawasha akhethekile. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle okuncane (okuthathu, ukuhlanganisa ukuqhekeka, "ukubhukuda" ngokungenzi lutho, njll.), insiza yenjini evamile yayiyi-300 XNUMX km.
Ukukhetha injini ekahle yePrado
Izinjini zeToyota Land Cruiser Prado SUVs zicacile kakhulu. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lawa amayunithi ezobuchwepheshe ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lapho abaklami bekwazile ukuhlanganisa inqwaba yobuchwepheshe besimanje emkhakheni we-chemistry, mechanics, kinematics, optics, electronics kanye ne-intelligence yokufakelwa. Esinye salezo zibonelo injini yedizili eyi-1KD-FTV turbocharged. Lona izibulo lochungechunge olusha lwezimoto lwe-KD, olwaphuma emgqeni womhlangano ngo-2000. Kusukela lapho, iye yathuthukiswa kaningi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa okwenziwe phakathi kwale njini kanye neyandulelayo, i-1KZ-TE, kubonise ukuthi isibonelo esisha sinamandla angaphezu kuka-17%. Lo mphumela uzuzwe ngenxa yohlelo oluhlangene lokuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwengxube kaphethiloli. I-motor yasondela ngokuya ngezici zamandla ezibonelweni ezinhle kakhulu zezinjini zikaphethiloli. Futhi mayelana ne-torque, yaqhubekela phambili ngokuphelele.
Onjiniyela bakwazile ukuthola isilinganiso esiyingqayizivele sokucindezela esingu-17,9:1. Injini ayinangqondo kakhulu, njengoba yenza izimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu ngekhwalithi kaphethiloli wedizili ethelwa emathangeni. Uma kunesibabule esiningi ngokweqile, ukusebenza okunamandla kwabhubhisa ama-nozzles eminyakeni engu-5-7. Bekufanele siqaphe kakhulu ngohlelo olusha lukaphethiloli. Indlela yebhethri ye-Common Rail kanye ne-valve ye-EGR yayidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Uma uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi uthululelwe ethangini, izinsalela ezingashisiwe zafakwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ohlelweni:
- ekungeneni okuningana kanye nama-dampers wesistimu yokushintsha i-geometry yayo;
- ku-valve ye-EGR.
Umbala we-exhaust washintsha ngokushesha futhi izinga lokudonsa lehla. Indlela "yokwelashwa" yenkinga ukuhlanza okuvimbela izakhi zesistimu kaphethiloli kanye ne-turbocharging njalo nge-50-70 km. gijima.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushayela emigwaqweni engagandayiwe kahle kubangela ukundindizela. Wonke lawa maqiniso anciphisa impilo yemoto emigwaqweni yaseRussia ibe yi-100 km. Nokho, izinkinga zingagwenywa ngosizo lokuvimbela ngokucophelela. Isibonelo, ukugcinwa okuvamile kwama-valve nokulungiswa kwezikhala ezishisayo kukhulisa kakhulu imayela ngaphambi kokulungiswa kabusha.
Kokunye ukungalungi, umuntu angaphawula inkinga evamile yazo zonke izingxenye zeToyota - ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela ngokweqile nokupheka.
Naphezu kokucatshangelwa nobuqili benqubo yokulungisa nokulungisa, injini ye-1KD-FTV yabonisa okungcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-hood ye-Toyota Land Cruiser Prado. Ngokunakwa okufanele, amaqhinga okusebenza afanele kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kokuvimbela nokulungiswa, imoto "yakhokhela" abanikazi be-SUV ngohlamvu lwemali olufanayo - amandla, isivinini nokuthembeka.
