Izinjini Toyota 1N, 1N-T
Okuqukethwe
Injini yeToyota 1N iyinjini encane kadizili eyakhiwe ngabakwaToyota Motor Corporation. Lesi sikhungo samandla sakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-1999, futhi safakwa emotweni ye-Starlet yezizukulwane ezintathu: P70, P80, P90.
Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, izinjini zikadizili zazisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kuma-SUV nasezimotweni zezentengiselwano. IToyota Starlet enenjini engu-1N yayidumile eSoutheast Asia. Ngaphandle kwalesi sifunda, injini ayivamile.
Ihlanganisa izici zeToyota 1N
Le njini evuthayo yangaphakathi iyinjini evuthayo yangaphakathi enamasilinda amane enomthamo osebenzayo ongu-1453 cm³. Isikhungo samandla sinesilinganiso sokucindezelwa okuphezulu, okungu-22:1. I-cylinder block yenziwe nge-cast iron, inhloko ye-block yenziwe nge-alloy aluminium ekhanyayo. Ikhanda linama-valve amabili isilinda, acushwa yi-camshaft eyodwa. Uhlelo olunesikhundla esiphezulu se-camshaft sisetshenziswa. Isikhathi kanye nomjovo futha drive - ibhande. Izishintshi zesigaba kanye nezinxephezelo ze-valve ze-hydraulic azinikezwanga, ama-valve adinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho idrayivu yesikhathi iphuka, ama-valve akhubazekile, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sebhande. Ama-piston recesses anikelwe ngokuvuna isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela.
Isistimu yokunikeza amandla yohlobo lwe-Prechamber. Ekhanda lesilinda, phezu kwegumbi elivuthayo, enye imbobo yokuqala yenziwa lapho ingxube ye-fuel-air inikezwa nge-valve. Uma uvutha, amagesi ashisayo asakazwa ngemigudu ekhethekile ekamelweni elikhulu. Lesi sixazululo sinezinzuzo eziningi:
- ukugcwaliswa okuthuthukisiwe kwamasilinda;
- ukunciphisa intuthu;
- ukucindezela kukaphethiloli okuphezulu ngokweqile akudingeki, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iphampu ye-fuel futha, eshibhile futhi elondolozekayo;
- ukungezwani nekhwalithi yamafutha.
Intengo yomklamo onjalo iwukuqala okunzima esimweni sezulu esibandayo, kanye nokukhala okukhulu, “okufana nogandaganda” kweyunithi kulo lonke uhla lwe-rev.
Amasilinda enziwe ama-long-stroke, i-piston stroke idlula ububanzi besilinda. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuvumele ukukhulisa inzuzo. Amandla emoto angama-55 hp. ngo-5200 rpm. I-torque ingu-91 N.m ku-3000 rpm. Ishalofu le-torque yenjini libanzi, injini inokudonsa kahle kwezimoto ezinjalo kuma-revs aphansi.
Kodwa i-Toyota Starlet, ifakwe le injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ayizange ibonise ukukhululeka okukhulu, okuye kwaqhutshwa amandla athile aphansi - amahhashi angu-37 ilitha ngalinye levolumu yokusebenza. Enye inzuzo yezimoto ezinenjini engu-1N inamandla aphezulu kaphethiloli: 6,7 l / 100 km emjikelezweni wasemadolobheni.
Injini yeToyota 1N-T
Ngo-1986 ofanayo, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokwethulwa kwenjini ye-Toyota 1N, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-turbodiesel engu-1N-T. Iqembu le-piston alikashintshi. Ngisho nesilinganiso sokucindezela sasishiywe esifanayo - 22: 1, ngenxa yokusebenza okuphansi kwe-turbocharger efakiwe.
Amandla enjini anyukele ku-67 hp. ngo-4500 rpm. I-torque ephezulu ishintshele endaweni yejubane eliphansi futhi ifinyelele ku-130 N.m ku-2600 rpm. Iyunithi yafakwa ezimotweni:
- Toyota Tercel L30, L40, L50;
- Toyota Corsa L30, L40, L50;
- Toyota Corolla II L30, L40, L50.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinjini ze-1N ne-1N-T
Izinjini ezincane zeToyota diesel, ngokungafani nozakwabo kaphethiloli, azizange zithole ukuthandwa okubanzi ngaphandle kwesifunda saseMpumalanga Ekude. Izimoto ezine-1N-T turbodiesel bezigqama kwabanye abafunda nazo ngokuguquguquka okuhle nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Izimoto ezinenguqulo ye-1N enamandla kancane zathengwa ngenhloso yokuthola ukusuka endaweni A ukuya endaweni engu-B ngezindleko ezincane, ezikwazi ukubhekana nazo ngempumelelo. Izinzuzo zalezi zinjini zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- ukwakhiwa okulula;
- ukungezwani nekhwalithi yamafutha;
- lula ukunakekela;
- ubuncane bezindleko zokusebenza.
Ububi obukhulu balezi zithuthuthu isisetshenziswa esiphansi, ikakhulukazi enguqulweni ye-1N-T. Akuvamile ukuthi injini ingakwazi ukumelana ne-250 km ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemva kwe-200 km, ukucindezela kwehla ngenxa yokugqoka kweqembu le-cylinder-piston. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ama-turbodiesel amakhulu avela kuToyota Land Cruiser ahlengikaza ngokuthula ayizinkulungwane ezingu-500 km ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sama-motor 1N kanye ne-1N-T ukuduma okukhulu, okuhambisana nokusebenza kwenjini. Umsindo uzwakala kulo lonke uhla lwe-rev, okungafaki ukunethezeka lapho ushayela.
Технические характеристики
Ithebula libonisa amanye amapharamitha we-N-series motors:
| Injini | 1N | 1NT |
|---|---|---|
| Inani lamasilinda | R4 | R4 |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 2 | 2 |
| block impahla | Insimbi | Insimbi |
| Impahla yekhanda lesilinda | Ingxubevange ye-Aluminium | Ingxubevange ye-Aluminium |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 84,5 | 84,5 |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 74 | 74 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 22:1 | 22:1 |
| Ivolumu yokusebenza, cm³ | 1453 | 1453 |
| amandla, hp rpm | 54/5200 | 67/4700 |
| I-Torque N.m rpm | 91/3000 | 130/2600 |
| Amafutha: brand, ivolumu | 5W-40; 3,5 l. | 5W-40; 3,5 l. |
| Ukutholakala kwe-Turbine | akukho | yebo |
Izinketho zokushuna, ukuthengwa kwenjini yenkontileka
Izinjini zikadizili ze-N-series azikufanelanga kahle ukukhushulwa kwamandla. Ukufaka i-turbocharger esebenza kahle kakhulu akuvumeli isilinganiso sokucindezela okuphezulu. Ukuze unciphise, kuzodingeka wenze kabusha iqembu le-piston. Ngeke futhi kwenzeke ukukhulisa isivinini esiphezulu, izinjini zikadizili ziyanqikaza ukuphenduka ngaphezu kuka-5000 rpm.
Izinjini zenkontileka azivamile, njengoba uchungechunge lwe-1N belingadumile. Kodwa kukhona okunikezwayo, intengo iqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50. Imvamisa, izinjini ezinomphumela obalulekile zinikezwa; amamotho ayeka ukukhiqiza eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-20 edlule.
