Izinjini BMW M50B25, M50B25TU
Okuqukethwe
Ukuthenga imoto yakwaBMW kubathengi abaningi kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthenga imoto esezingeni ezohlala isikhathi eside kunezimbangi zayo.
Imfihlo yokwethembeka kwezimoto iwukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwazo kuzo zonke izigaba - kusukela ekwenziweni kwezingxenye kuya ekuhlanganiseni kwazo zibe amayunithi kanye nemihlangano. Namuhla, akuzona kuphela izimoto zenkampani ezidumile, kodwa nezinjini ezikhiqizwayo - ezivame ukufakwa ezimotweni zabafundi ofunda nabo esikhundleni sezinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi.
Umlando omncane
Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, i-BMW yajabulisa abanikazi bezimoto ngokukhululwa kwenjini entsha ye-M50B25, eyathatha indawo yeyunithi ye-M 20 ephelelwe yisikhathi. esetshenziswa izingxenye ezingasindi futhi eziqinile, ezenziwe ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile ukuze kukhanye isisindo.
Inguqulo entsha yahlukaniswa ngokusebenza okuzinzile - umshini wokusabalalisa igesi wawuhlanganisa ama-valve athuthukisiwe, ayelula kakhulu futhi ayenomthombo omude kune-M 25. Inombolo yawo nge-cylinder ngayinye yayiyi-4 esikhundleni se-2, njengoba yayinjalo ngaphambili. I-nifold intake ilula kabili - iziteshi zayo zine-aerodynamics ekahle, ihlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa komoya okungcono emakamelweni avuthayo.
Idizayini yekhanda le-cylinder ishintshile - imibhede yakhiwe kuyo ama-camshaft amabili asebenzisa ama-valve angama-24. Abashayeli bezimoto babejabule ngokuba khona kwama-hydraulic lifters - manje sasingekho isidingo sokulungisa izikhala, kwakwanele nje ukuqapha izinga likawoyela. Esikhundleni sebhande lesikhathi, kwafakwa iketanga kule ICE okokuqala ngqa, elalilawulwa yi-hydraulic tensioner futhi lidinga ukushintshwa kuphela ngemuva kokudlula amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250.
Umkhiqizi uthuthukise uhlelo lokuthungela - kwavela amakhoyili ngamanye, ukusebenza kwawo kulawulwa yisistimu yokulawula injini ye-Bosch Motronic 3.1.
Ngenxa yazo zonke izinto ezintsha, i-motor yayinezinkomba zamandla cishe ezifanelekile zangaleso sikhathi, yayinokusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli, ikilasi eliphezulu lezemvelo futhi yayingafuni ukulungiswa.
Ngo-1992, injini yenze esinye isibuyekezo futhi yakhululwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi M50B25TU. Inguqulo entsha yaqedwa futhi yathola uhlelo olusha lokusabalalisa igesi yeVanos, izinduku zokuxhuma zesimanje namapiston afakiwe, kanye nesistimu yokulawula ye-Bosch Motronic 3.3.1.
Injini yakhiqizwa iminyaka engu-6, kwakhiqizwa izinguqulo ezimbili - 2 no-2,5 amalitha. Ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa, yafakwa ezimotweni zochungechunge lwe-E 34, bese kuthi i-E 36.
Технические характеристики
Abashayeli bezimoto abaningi banobunzima bokuthola ipuleti lapho uchungechunge nenombolo yenjini kugxivizwa khona - njengoba indawo yalo ihlukile kumamodeli ahlukene. Kuyunithi ye-M50V25, itholakala endaweni engaphambili yebhulokhi, eduze nesilinda yesi-4.
Manje ake sihlaziye izici ze-motor - eziyinhloko ziboniswa etafuleni elingezansi:
| Impahla yebhulokhi eyisilinda | Insimbi |
| Isistimu yamandla | umjovo |
| Thayipha | emugqeni |
| Inani lamasilinda | 6 |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 4 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 75 |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 84 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 10.0 |
| 10.5 (TU) | |
| Ukufuduka kwenjini, ama-cubic cm | 2494 |
| Amandla enjini, hp / rpm | 192/5900 |
| 192/5900 (TU) | |
| I-Torque, Nm / rpm | 245/4700 |
| 245/4200 (TU) | |
| I-Fuel | 95 |
| Amazinga ezemvelo | Euro 1 |
| Isisindo senjini, kg | ~ 198 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, l/100 km (ku-E36 325i) | |
| - idolobha | 11.5 |
| - ithrekhi | 6.8 |
| - Kuyahlekisa. | 8.7 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela, igr. / 1000 km | ukuze 1000 |
| Amafutha enjini | I-5W-30 |
| I-5W-40 | |
| I-10W-40 | |
| I-15W-40 | |
| Ungakanani uwoyela enjinini, l | 5.75 |
| Ushintsho lwamafutha lwenziwa, km | 7000-10000 |
| Ukushisa kokusebenza kwenjini, ama-deg. | ~ 90 |
| Insiza yenjini, amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane | |
| - ngokusho kwesitshalo | 400 + |
| - ngokwenza | 400 + |
Uhlolojikelele izici eziyinhloko design motor:
- I-M50V25 iyinjini ye-in-line-cylinder enevolumu engu-2494 cm³. Umklamo wayo umelelwe i-cast-iron block, lapho amasilinda ayisithupha anobubanzi obungama-84 mm atholakala emgqeni owodwa. I-motor ine-torque enhle (245 Nm / rpm) namandla (192 hp), ikunikeza ukulawula okuphelele kwemoto kokubili esiminyaminyeni sezimoto nasemgwaqweni wezwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izifiso zalezi mingcele zilinganiselwe - ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kusuka ku-8,7 kuya ku-11,5 l / 100 km, kuye ngokuthi imodi yokushayela.
- Uhlelo lokupholisa luwuketshezi, ukujikeleza kunikezwa iphampu eqhutshwa yi-crankshaft pulley. I-thermostat ilawula ukugeleza kwe-antifreeze embuthanweni omkhulu noma omncane, inikeze isimiso sokushisa esigcwele senjini.
- Isistimu yokugcoba ihlinzeka ngokunikezwa kukawoyela kumayunithi amakhulu okuhlikihla kusetshenziswa ingcindezi empontshwa yiphampu yohlobo lwegiya, etholakala ku-sump. Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kweyunithi, kanye nokuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kwamashaneli kawoyela, isihlungi esikhethekile sifakwe ohlelweni;
- I-crank mechanism imelwe yizinduku zokuxhuma ezingasindi eziyisi-75 ezithosiwe namapiston, ukushaywa kokugcina kungu-10,0 mm. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sabo, i-crankshaft iyajikeleza, idlulisela i-torque ekudluliseni imoto. Isilinganiso sokucindezela senguqulo yakudala yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngu-50, ye-M25V10,5TU - XNUMX.
- I-ignition system ihlanganisa ikhoyili eyodwa kusilinda ngasinye, ukusebenza kwayo kulawulwa uhlelo lokuphatha injini ye-Motronic 3.1. Lo mklamo uqinisekisa ukuthungela okungaphazanyiswa kwengxube yokusebenza;
- Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi imelelwa uchungechunge lwesikhathi, i-hydraulic tensioner, ama-camshaft amabili nama-valve aneziqondiso zawo - isilinda ngasinye sine-2 yokungenisa kanye nama-valve amabili okukhipha umoya. Lapho i-crankshaft ijikeleza, iketango liqinisekisa ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo kwama-camshafts, avula ama-valve ngamunye ngamunye.
Izici zenjini ye-M50B25TU
Lolu chungechunge luyinguqulo ethuthuke kakhulu - izinguquko zethulwa eminyakeni emi-2 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwenjini eyinhloko. Inhloso yonjiniyela bekuwukunciphisa umsindo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Izinguquko ezinkulu ze-M50V25TU ziyi:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu entsha yokulawula i-DME 3.3.1 kanye nesilawuli se-Siemens MS 40.1, okuvumela ukulawula okuphelele kuzinqubo eziyinhloko zenjini. Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa amandla nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli;
- Ushintsho ekwakhiweni komshini we-crank - inguqulo entsha isebenzisa izingxenye ezithuthuke kakhulu ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezilula futhi ezinokuphila kwesevisi okwandisiwe. Isilinganiso sokucindezela senyukile, ama-counterweights amasha avele ku-crankshaft ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-axial nokudlidliza;
- Isikhathi senziwe sakamuva - uchungechunge olusha lisebenzisa iziphakamisi zamavalvu ezilula neziqinile. Ukubuya kwe-valve endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni kwenziwa kusetshenziswa intwasahlobo eyodwa;
- I-motor ithole imodeli ehlukile yenzwa yesivinini engenzi lutho, egcina imodi efanelekile yokusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingenzi lutho, ngokuya ngemingcele ebuyekeziwe.
Esinye isici esihlukile senjini ukuba khona kwesistimu ye-Vanos, elawula ukusebenza komshini wokusabalalisa igesi kuye ngokuthi umthwalo, izinga lokushisa elipholile kanye nezinye izici.
Vanos - izici zokuklama, umsebenzi
Lolu hlelo lushintsha i-engeli yokuzungezisa kweshaft yokudonsa, lunikeze imodi efanelekile yokuvula ama-valve okungena ngesivinini esiphezulu senjini. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla ayanda, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kunciphisa, ukungena komoya wegumbi lomlilo kukhuphuka, injini ithola inani elidingekayo lengxube evuthayo kule ndlela yokusebenza.
Idizayini yesistimu yeVanos:
- Idivayisi ye-Hydraulic yokushintsha indawo ye-camshaft yokungenisa;
- Ukushintshwa kwe-electromagnetic;
- Umugqa wamafutha nge-valve;
- Isilawuli sikagesi.
Ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo kulula futhi kusebenza kahle - inzwa yokulawula ihlaziya imingcele yenjini futhi, uma kunesidingo, ithumela amasignali ku-switch electromagnetic. Lesi sakamuva sixhunywe ku-valve evala umfutho kawoyela. Uma kunesidingo, i-valve ivula, isebenza kudivayisi ye-hydraulic eshintsha indawo ye-camshaft kanye nezinga lokuvulwa kwama-valve.
Ukuthembeka kwezimoto
Izinjini ze-BMW ziphakathi kwezithembeke kakhulu, futhi i-M50B25 yethu iyafana. Izici eziyinhloko zokuklama ezandisa impilo yesevisi yeyunithi yamandla yilezi:
- Ukusebenzisa iketanga esikhundleni sebhande - ukushintshwa kuyadingeka kancane kakhulu, futhi ukuthembeka kuphakeme;
- Ukufakwa kwama-hydraulic lifters - akukho ukulungiswa okuhleliwe okudingekayo;
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha zokulawula injini (i-DME 3.3.1, i-Siemens MS 40.1, i-Vanos) - kwandisa insiza yezingxenye ezisele, njengoba kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo;
- Izingxenye eziningi zenziwe ngama-alloys aphezulu.
Insiza ebekwa umenzi ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-400. Kodwa ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabashayeli bezimoto - kuncike kumodi yokusebenza kanye nokushintsha kwamafutha okufika ngesikhathi, lesi sibalo singaphindaphindwa ngokuphepha izikhathi ezingu-1,5.
Izinkinga Eziyisisekelo kanye Nokuxazulula Izinkinga
Kunezilonda ezimbalwa kumotho, nazi ezivame kakhulu kuzo:
- Ukushisa ngokweqile - lokhu kungasebenzi kuhle kakhulu ukuthi kungadlalwa ngakho, njengoba kungavamile ukuhamba ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Kunconywa ukuhlola isimo sesistimu yokupholisa, ukuba khona kwe-antifreeze kanye nethuba lamaphakethe omoya;
- Injini ye-Troit - ngokuvamile inkinga itholakala kumakhoyili okuthungela;
- Isivinini esingalingani - ezimweni eziningi, isilawuli sejubane esingenzi lutho sinecala. Ihlanze ngoketshezi olukhethekile kanye nephampu. Uma inkinga iqhubeka - imbangela ingase ibe inzwa ye-throttle noma i-lambda probe, kubuye kunconywe ukuhlanza i-throttle futhi uhlole ubuqotho be-multifold intake;
- Amandla ancishisiwe ngokuvamile ayimbangela yokuhluleka kwesistimu ye-Vanos. Inkinga iqedwa ngokuyishintsha, ngoba lokhu kuhle ukuxhumana nesevisi yemoto.
Lawa amaphuzu asemqoka abuthakathaka enjini yethu. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-classic ngendlela yokuvuza kwamafutha, ukwehluleka kwezinzwa ezihlukahlukene ezidinga ukushintshwa.
Hlobo luni lwamafutha okufanele uwathele?
Ukukhethwa kwamafutha kuhlale kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu kumuntu othanda imoto. Emakethe yesimanje, amathuba okuthi ugijimele embumbulu aphakeme kakhulu, futhi ungabulala inhliziyo yesilo sakho ngemva kokuthatha indawo eyodwa. Kungakho ochwepheshe bencoma ukuthi ungathengi amafutha kanye nezinto zokugcoba ezitolo ezingabazisayo noma uma kunesaphulelo esishibhile esisolisayo.
Amafutha alandelayo alungele uchungechunge lwethu lwenjini:
- 5W-30;
- 5W-40;
- 10W-40;
- 15W-40.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokusho kwebhukwana - ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kwe-1 litre nge-1000 km kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile, kodwa ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, lesi sibalo siphezulu kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukushintsha uwoyela futhi ukuhlunga njalo 7-10 ayizinkulungwane km.
Uhlu lwezimoto lapho i-M50V25 ifakwe khona
- BMW 325i E36;
- BMW 525i E34.
