BMW M20 izinjini
Okuqukethwe
I-BMW M20 engine series iyi-in-line six-cylinder single-camshaft petrol powertrain. Ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kochungechunge kwaqala ngo-1977 futhi imodeli yokugcina yaphuma emgqeni womhlangano ngo-1993. Amamodeli okuqala lapho kwasetshenziswa khona izinjini zalolu chungechunge kwakuyi-E12 520/6 ne-E21 320/6. Umthamo wabo omncane wokusebenza ungamalitha angu-2.0, kanti inguqulo enkulu neyakamuva inamalitha angu-2.7. Kamuva, i-M20 yaba yisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwenjini yedizili ye-M21.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970s, ngenxa yokukhula kwesidingo sabathengi, i-BMW iye yadinga izinjini ezintsha zochungechunge lwamamodeli angu-3 no-5, ezizoba zincane kunochungechunge olukhona lwe-M30, nokho, ngenkathi igcina ukucushwa kwe-inline yamasilinda ayisithupha. Umphumela kube yi-2-litre M20, okuseyincane kunawo wonke ama-inline-six kwaBMW. With imiqulu kusukela 1991 cubic metres. bona kufika ku-2693 cu. bona lezi motors zazisetshenziswa kumamodeli E12, E28, E34 5 uchungechunge, E21 futhi E30 3 uchungechunge.
Izici ezihlukile ze-M20 ukusuka ku-M30 yilezi:
- Ibhande lesikhathi esikhundleni seketango;
- Ububanzi besilinda 91 mm esikhundleni sika-100 mm;
- I-engeli yokuthambekela ingama-degree angama-20 esikhundleni sika-30, njenge-M30.
Futhi, i-M20 inesilinda sensimbi, ikhanda le-aluminium block, i-camshaft eyodwa enama-valve amabili isilinda.
I-M20V20
Lona imodeli yokuqala yalolu chungechunge futhi yasetshenziswa ezimotweni ezimbili: E12 520/6 kanye E21 320/6. I-cylinder diameter ingu-80 mm kanti i-piston stroke ingu-66 mm. Ekuqaleni, i-carburetor ye-Solex 4A1 enamagumbi amane yayisetshenziselwa ukwakha ingxube futhi ifake ku-cylinder. Ngalolu hlelo, isilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-9.2:1 sifinyelelwe futhi isivinini esiphezulu sasingu-6400 rpm. Imishini yokuqala engu-320 yasebenzisa abalandeli bakagesi ukupholisa, kodwa kusukela ngo-1979 baqala ukusebenzisa isiphephetha-moya esine-coupling eshisayo.
Ngo-1981, i-M20V20 ijovwe ngomjovo, ithole uhlelo lwe-Bosh K-Jetronic. Kusukela ngo-1981, amazinyo ayindilinga nawo asetshenziswa ebhandeni le-camshaft ukuze kuqedwe ukukhala lapho injini isebenza. Ukucindezelwa kwenjini yomjovo kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-9.9:1, inani lejubane elikhulu lokujikeleza lehla laya ku-6200 rpm ngohlelo lwe-LE-Jetronic. Kumodeli ye-E30, injini isithuthukisiwe mayelana nokushintsha ikhanda le-cylinder, ibhulokhi elilula kanye nama-manifolds amasha aguqulelwe ohlelweni lwe-LE-Jetronic (M20B20LE). Ngo-1987, okwesibili nokokugcina, ku-M20V20 kwafakwa uphethiloli omusha kanye nemishini yomjovo, i-Bosh Motronic, lapho ukucindezela okungu-8.8: 1.
Amandla emoto asukela ku-121 kuya ku-127 hp. ngesivinini kusuka ku-5800 kuya ku-6000 rpm, i-torque ihluka kusuka ku-160 kuya ku-174 N * m.
esetshenziswa kumamodeli
- 1976–1981 E12 520/6 (карбюратор)
- 1977–1982 E21 320/6 (карбюратор)
- 1981–1982 E28 520i
- 1982–1984 E28 520i
- 1982–1984 E30 320i
- 1984–1987 E28 520i
- 1984–1987 E30 320i
- 1986–1987 E28 520i
- 1987–1992 E30 320i
- 1988–1990 E34 520i
I-M20B20kat inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-M20B20 eyakhelwe i-BMW 5 Series futhi inezici eziningi. Into yokuqala ehluke kakhulu ukutholakala kwesistimu ye-Bosh Motronic kanye ne-catalytic converter eyayiyintsha ngaleso sikhathi, enciphisa ubuthi bezinto ezikhishwa yinjini.
I-M20B23
Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuqala kokukhiqizwa kwe-M20V20 yokuqala ngo-1977, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa komjovo (umjovo othuthwayo) M20V23. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo, kwasetshenziswa inhloko efanayo yebhulokhi njenge-carburetor M20V20, kodwa nge-crank enwetshiwe ibe ngu-76.8 mm. Ububanzi besilinda busengama-80 mm. Isistimu yomjovo esabalalisiwe, eyafakwa ekuqaleni kule njini, i-K-Jetronic. Kamuva, yathathelwa indawo izinhlelo ezintsha ze-L-Jetronic kanye ne-LE-Jetronic. Umthamo wokusebenza wenjini ungama-2.3 amalitha, okungaphezulu kancane kunowangaphambili, nokho, ukwanda kwamandla sekuyabonakala: 137-147 hp. ngo-5300 rpm. I-M20B23 ne-M20B20 bangabameleli bokugcina bochungechunge, abakhiqizwa ngaphambi kuka-1987 ngohlelo lwe-Jetronic.
esetshenziswa kumamodeli
- 1977–1982 E21323i
- 1982–1984 E30323i
- 1984–1987 E30323i
I-M20B25
Le moto ithathe indawo yesibili yangaphambili, ekhiqizwa kuphela nge-Bosh Motronic injection system yezinguqulo ezihlukahlukene. Ukufuduka 2494 cu. I-cm ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise i-174 hp. (ngaphandle kokuguqula) ku-6500 rpm, okudlule kakhulu ukusebenza kwabameleli abancane bochungechunge. Ububanzi besilinda bukhule baba ngu-84 mm, kanti ukushaywa kwepiston kuya ku-75 mm. Ukucindezela kwahlala ezingeni elifanayo - 9.7:1. Futhi ezinguqulweni ezibuyekeziwe, kwavela izinhlelo ze-Motronic 1.3, ezinciphise ukusebenza kwenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-catalytic converter inciphisa amandla ku-169 hp, noma kunjalo, ayizange ifakwe kuzo zonke izimoto.
esetshenziswa kumamodeli
- 1985–1993 E30325i
- 1989–1990 E34525i
- 1988–1991 Z1
I-M20V27 iyinjini ye-M20 enkulu kunazo zonke futhi enamandla kunawo wonke. Yakhelwe ukuthi isebenze kahle kakhulu futhi ibe ne-torque kumarev aphansi, okwakungeyona into evamile kuma-BMW ama-inline-six agijima ngesivinini esingu-6000 rpm. Ngokungafani ne-M20B25, i-piston stroke ikhule yaba ngu-81 mm, futhi ububanzi be-cylinder bufinyelela ku-84 mm. Inhloko ye-block ihluke kancane ku-B25, i-camshaft nayo ihlukile, kodwa ama-valve ahlala afana.
Ama-valve springs athambile, amunca amandla amaningi ngokweqile, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle. Futhi kule njini, kusetshenziswa inqwaba entsha eneziteshi ezinde, futhi i-throttle iyafana nayo yonke i-M20. Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko, umkhawulo ophezulu wejubane lenjini wehlisiwe waba ngu-4800 rpm. Ukucindezelwa kulezi zinjini bekuncike emakethe ezilethwa kuyo: izimoto ezineminyazelo engu-11:1 bezishayelwa e-USA, kanti u-9.0:1 zidayiswe e-Europe.
esetshenziswa kumamodeli
- 1982–1987 E30325e, 325e
- 1982–1988 E28525e
Amandla akhiqizwa yilo modeli awedluli amanye - 121-127 hp, kodwa i-torque enomkhawulo we-14 N * m ukusuka phezulu kakhulu (M20B25) ingu-240 N * m ku-3250 rpm.
Isevisi
Kulolu chungechunge lwezinjini, cishe izidingo ezifanayo zokusebenza namafutha asetshenzisiwe. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-SAE semi-synthetics nge-viscosity ye-10w-40, 5w-40, 0w-40. Kwezinye izimo, kunconywa ukugcwalisa ama-synthetics omjikelezo owodwa wokushintsha. Abakhiqizi bakawoyela okufanele banakwe: I-Liqui Molly, Ukunakekela, hlola njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-10, ukushintshwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo - kufana nawo wonke umuntu. Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula isici esisodwa se-BMW sisonke - udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinga loketshezi, ngoba ama-gaskets ngokuvamile awasebenziseki futhi aqala ukuvuza. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona into embi kangako, ngoba ixazululwa ngokuthenga izingxenye ezivela ezintweni ezinhle.
Ngokuphathelene nendawo yenombolo yenjini - njengoba ibhulokhi inomklamo ofanayo - inombolo yawo wonke amamodeli ochungechunge itholakala ngaphezu kwama-spark plugs, engxenyeni engenhla yebhulokhi.
M20 izinjini kanye nezici zabo
| Injini | HP/rpm | N*m/r/min | Iminyaka yokukhiqiza |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-M20B20 | 120/6000 | 160/4000 | 1976-1982 |
| 125/5800 | 170/4000 | 1981-1982 | |
| 122/5800 | 170/4000 | 1982-1984 | |
| 125/6000 | 174/4000 | 1984-1987 | |
| 125/6000 | 190/4500 | 1986-1992 | |
| I-M20B23 | 140/5300 | 190/4500 | 1977-1982 |
| 135/5300 | 205/4000 | 1982-1984 | |
| 146/6000 | 205/4000 | 1984-1987 | |
| I-M20B25 | 172/5800 | 226/4000 | 1985-1987 |
| 167/5800 | 222/4300 | 1987-1991 | |
| I-M20B27 | 121/4250 | 240/3250 | 1982-1987 |
| 125/4250 | 240/3250 | 1987-1992 |
Ukushuna nokushintshanisa
Isihloko sokuhlela i-BMW sidalulwe kahle, kodwa okokuqala kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi imoto ethile iyayidinga noma cha. Into elula kakhulu evame ukwenziwa ngochungechunge lwe-M20 ukufakwa kwe-turbine ne-chip tuning, ukususa i-catalyst, uma ikhona. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphuke ufike ku-200 hp. kusukela ku-motor entsha nencane - inguquko ecishe ibe yiYurophu esihlokweni sezinjini ezincane ezinamandla, eziye zenziwa futhi zenziwa eJapane kuze kube namuhla.
Ngokuvamile, abanikazi bezimoto kusukela eminyakeni enjalo yokukhiqiza bacabanga ngokushintsha injini, ngoba insiza yeminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphezulu iyamangalisa. Izinjini zesimanje ze-BMW ne-Toyota zisiza lapha, ikakhulukazi ziheha ukusabalala kwazo nokwethembeka. Futhi, izici zamandla ezinjini eziningi zesimanje kuze kufike kumalitha ama-3 zizobavumela ukuthi basetshenziswe ngaphandle kokushintsha i-gearbox. Endabeni yokufaka injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ephakeme kakhulu kunezici zangempela, indawo yokuhlola kuyodingeka futhi isethwe ngokufanele.
Futhi, uma ungumnikazi we-BMW endala kakhulu kusukela ku-M20 ngaphambi kuka-1986, ungakwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwayo ukuze lube lwesimanjemanje futhi uthole amandla angcono. Abanye bafaka amasistimu asekelwe kuzimo ezithile zokusebenza, noma bafuna ukuzuza ukudonsa okungcono “ezinzulwini”.
