Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iNissan vq20de
Okuqukethwe
Izinjini zochungechunge lwe-VQ zathuthukiswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-90 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule ukuze zithathe indawo ye-VG ephelelwe yisikhathi futhi zangena enkonzweni kanye nokukhululwa kwesizukulwane sesibili semoto yekilasi lebhizinisi le-Nissan Cefiro A32.
Ukuhlanganisa zonke izimfanelo ezinhle zochungechunge oludlule, injini entsha ithole ukuthuthukiswa okuningana, ngaleyo ndlela ibe isisombululo esiphumelele kakhulu sebhizinisi nezimoto ze-premium zalesi sikhathi. Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi injini ye-VE30DE yayisetshenziswa njengemodeli yesikhashana phakathi kwalezi zichungechunge ezimbili, ifakwe i-Nissan Maxima J30 enezicabha ezine.
Izici ezihlukile
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium alloy njengento yokwakhiwa kwekhanda le-cylinder, le yunithi yamandla yabonakala ilula kakhulu kuneyandulela i-iron-iron, futhi indlela entsha ngokuyisisekelo yomshini wokusabalalisa igesi ilethe ukwethembeka kwayo entsha. izinga, elinomthelela omuhle kumsindo nokusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uhlelo lukaphethiloli.
Izinguquko ezilandelayo zithinte iziphakamisi zama-hydraulic, noma kunalokho, ukwenqaba ukuzisebenzisa. Lokhu kuthutha kwakungenxa yokuthi izimoto eziningi zaseJapane zathunyelwa emazweni lapho izinga eliphansi lamafutha kanye nezinto zokugcoba, kuhlangene nomkhuba wokusebenzisa uwoyela wamaminerali, kwaholela ezinkingeni ezivamile ekusebenzeni kwazo kuze kube sekupheleni kokuhluleka.
Uhlelo lokuthatha lwenjini entsha evuthayo yangaphakathi selube yinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lama-valve, osekuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli yangaphambili.
Lokhu kwakuhilela isidingo sokuhlomisa injini ngama-camshafts amabili, okuthi, ngokuhambisana nesistimu entsha yomjovo ohlukile kaphethiloli, kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa kakhulu amandla kanye ne-torque yenjini, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha izimo ezivumayo zokuphoqelela kwayo okuqhubekayo. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi imodeli ye-turbocharged ye-VQ iye yavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, eyayifakwe i-Stagea wagon yesizukulwane sesibili, i-Cima ne-Cedric sedans, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zesimanje. .
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemvelo kwe-vq20de kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesiguquli sesimanje se-catalytic, esingafakwanga kuphela kunguqulo ye-3-litre yenjini ezimotweni ezithunyelwa emakethe yama-Arab. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi "empumalanga" izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zazidlula ozakwabo baseMelika nabaseYurophu ngamandla ngama-30 hp. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona ama-thermostats amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, okwandisa "ukuzwela" kwesistimu yokupholisa futhi kwandisa impilo ye-radiator.
Технические характеристики
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe zale yunithi yamandla zethulwa ngendlela yedatha yethebula:
| Характеристика | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umthamo, cm 3 | 1995 |
| Amandla (ku-6400 rpm) hp/kW | 140 / 114 |
| Ibanga le-Fuel | Uphethiloli AI 98, AI 95, AI 92 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli (umgwaqo omkhulu/idolobha), l/100km | 5,6 / 9,8 |
| Ukuphola | I-Liquid |
| Inani lamasilinda | 6 |
| uhlobo lwenjini | Ubumbeke njengo-V |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 76 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 73.3 |
| Inani lama-valve | 24 |
| Ukuphuma kwe-CO2, g / km | ~ 230 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 9,5 - 10 |
| Insiza elinganiselwe, inkulungwane yamakhilomitha. | 400 |
Ngasikhathi sinye, inguqulo ebuyekeziwe yenjini enenkomba ye-NEO, eyakhululwa eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokwethulwa kochungechunge lwe-VQ, inomehluko ovela enguqulweni eyisisekelo. Ifakwe izinto zikagesi zesimanjemanje, ama-camshaft ashintshiwe kanye nesistimu yomjovo kaphethiloli oqondile, okukhulise kakhulu amandla nokusebenza kwemvelo.
Ukungalungi kwalesi sibuyekezo kuncike ngokuqondile esidingweni sokusebenzisa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu, ngoba ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nalesi simo kuholele ekutheni ukulungiswa kwale njini kube okungenasisekelo kwezomnotho (ikakhulukazi uma uthenga iyunithi yenkontileka).
Izinkomba zokuthembeka
Naphezu kokuthi le njini ibhekwa njenge "millionaire", okungukuthi, inomkhawulo ophezulu wokuphepha, ovumela ukuthi iyunithi isebenze isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo, nayo inamandla ayo akhethekile futhi inamandla. ubuthakathaka, okufanele kugcizelelwe.
Okokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kuboniswe kudivayisi entsha yesikhathi, eyayisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamaketanga athule, ukuze kusebenze kahle i-hydraulic tensioner. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu insiza yayo kangangokuthi, ngenxa yokuqhathanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo, kwavela ukuthi uma ngaphambili, ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100, kwakudingeka ukuguqula wonke umshini ngokuphelele, khona-ke kunguqulo ye-chain, imvamisa yokulungiswa kwaphindeka kabili, futhi inani lomsebenzi lalilinganiselwe ezikhaleni zokulungisa. Ukubuyekezwa kwabanikazi bezimoto nalezi zinjini, i-mileage yayo idlulile uphawu lwezinkulungwane ezingama-400, ibonisa ukuthi injini yabo ayidingi ukushintshwa izingxenye eziyinhloko, futhi iketango lesikhathi lisesimweni esihle.
Ngokuqondene nohlelo lomjovo, naphezu kokuthi intengo ye-nozzle entsha iphakeme kakhulu, isidingo sokuyihlanza noma ukuyibuyisela esikhundleni sivela kuphela ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-300, futhi umsebenzi ngokwawo ungenziwa wodwa ngenani elincane lamathuluzi akhethekile. .
Ukulondolozeka
Futhi kule injini ungenza imisebenzi eminingana ngokwakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukufaka esikhundleni sephampu yesistimu yokupholisa (izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi: ukuvuza kwe-antifreeze kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kwenjini), inzwa yokugoqa (kudingeka ukhiye kuphela), amapulaki okuqalisa kanye nenhlansi (uma kwenzeka iphutha lenhlansi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokuxhumana nesiteshi sesevisi, ungashintsha noma ulungise inzwa yokuma kwe-throttle, ufake i-damper ngokwayo, uhlanze ama-spark plugs, i-swirl damper unit, i-valve engasebenzi kanye nenzwa yokugeleza komoya, futhi ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-spark plugs. Imanuwali enemininingwane yokusebenza kwezinjini zalolu chungechunge, kungenzeka ukuthi uhambisane ngokugcwele nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bawo wonke umsebenzi, kuze kufike ku-torque eqiniswayo yokuxhuma okufakwe imicu engxenyeni ngayinye yenjini.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukunakekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuyadingeka, ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, ubukhulu bebhande le-alternator buyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi kukhona noma ukungabikho kwe-air conditioner, futhi lapho ushintsha uchungechunge lwesikhathi, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amamaki ayo ahambisana. enamamaki ku-crankshaft (bheka isithombe somdwebo ongezansi) .
Isisekelo esihle sezinto ezibonakalayo sokuzilungisa futhi sifakazelwa yiqiniso lokuthi ngisho nomsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi njengokuxhuma isistimu ye-vacuum yenjini, kukhona ukuhlelwa okuningiliziwe kwamashubhu e-vacuum:
Amafutha kanye nezinto zokugcoba
Ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okufanele kwenjini, ngezansi kunetafula elinamanani okugcwalisa kanye nezici zamafutha nokugcwalisa uketshezi.
| Injini | 4 amalitha kawoyela webanga le-API viscosity (SG/SH/SJ) |
|---|---|
| Ukupholisa uketshezi | 8,5 amalitha Nissan brand antifreeze |
| Amandla wokuqondisa | 1,1 amalitha DexRon 3 liquid |
| Amabhuleki uketshezi | 0,7 amalitha DOT 3 noma okulinganayo |
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umthamo omkhulu wamafutha okufanele ugcwaliswe ukhawulelwe kumalitha angama-4,2, ohambisana nezimpawu ezingaphezulu kakhulu ku-dipstick. Uma ukuguqulwa kwamafutha kwenzeka ngaphandle kokushintsha isihlungi samafutha, khona-ke kulokhu kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa ingxenye yelitha ngaphansi. Kuye ngezinga lokushisa elizungezile, uwoyela kufanele ukhethwe kusuka ku-5W-20 emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu kuya ku-20W-50 ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Isimo esiyinhloko sokusebenza kahle kwenjini ukuthengwa komkhiqizo wokuqala.
Izimoto ezinale njini
Uma sicabangela ukufakwa kwale njini ezimotweni zakwaNissan ngokulandelana kwezikhathi, khona-ke kuvela isithombe esilandelayo:
- Agasti 1994 - January 1996: isizukulwane sesibili Nissan Cefiro.
- Juni 1997 - Julayi 1999: ukulungiswa kabusha kwenqola yesiteshi ye-Nissan Cefiro Wagon.
- Disemba 1998 - Disemba 2000: isizukulwane sesithathu i-Cefiro.
- Agasti 1999 - Juni 2000: ukuphakamisa ubuso obulandelayo benqola yesiteshi saseCefiro.
- Januwari 2001 - February 2003: i-facelift yesizukulwane sesithathu i-Cefiro.
- Januwari 2000 - Novemba 2011: Isizukulwane sesihlanu iNissan Maxima.
Ukunaka isikhathi eside sokusetshenziswa kwale njini ethile kumamodeli adumile aseJapan kanye nesigaba samabhizinisi, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kwakuwuchungechunge lwe-VQ olwaluvame ukubamba iqhaza ezilinganisweni zonyaka zezinjini ezihamba phambili eziyi-10 ngokusho ukushicilelwa okugunyaziwe kwe-Ward's AutoWorld.
