Injini ye-PSA - Ford 1,6 HDi / TDCi 8V (DV6)
Engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka ka-2010, iPSA / Ford Group yethule injini eyakhiwe kabusha kakhulu eyi-1,6 HDi / TDCi emakethe. Uma kuqhathaniswa neyandulelayo, iqukethe izingxenye ezingaba ngu-50% ezenziwe kabusha. Ukuhambisana nezinga lokukhishwa kwe-Euro 5 yale njini kuthathwa kalula.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokwethulwa kwayo emakethe, iyunithi yokuqala yaduma kakhulu ngenxa yezici zayo zokusebenza. Lokhu kunikeze imoto amandla anele, amandla amancane we-turbo, ukusetshenziswa kahle kukaphethiloli, ukuphatha kakhulu futhi, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yesisindo esihle, nethonya elincane lenjini kuzimpawu zokushayela zemoto. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwale njini ezimotweni ezahlukahlukene nakho kufakazela ukuthandwa kwayo okukhulu. Kutholakala, isibonelo, kwaFord Focus, Fiesta, C-Max, Peugeot 207, 307, 308, 407, Citroën C3, C4, C5, Mazda 3 ngisho ne-premium Volvo S40 / V50. Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezishiwo, injini ine "izimpukane" zayo, ezisuswa kakhulu yisizukulwane sesimanje.
Isakhiwo senjini esiyisisekelo senzeke izinguquko ezimbili ezinkulu. Esokuqala wushintsho olusuka ekusabalaliseni kwe-DOHC enamavalvu angu-16 ukuya ekusabalaliseni "kuphela" kwe-OHC engama-8. Ngezimbobo zama-valve ezimbalwa, leli khanda libuye libe namandla aphezulu anesisindo esincane. Umzila wamanzi engxenyeni engenhla yebhulokhi uxhunywe ekhanda lokupholisa ngezinguquko ezincane ezitholakala nge-asymmetrically. Ngaphezu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi namandla amakhulu, lo mklamo oncishisiwe ubuye ulungele ukuzungeza nokushiswa okulandelanayo kwengxube evuthayo. Okubizwa ngokuthi ukugcwaliswa kwe-symmetrical kwamasilinda kuye kwanciphisa ukuzungeza okungafuneki kwengxube evuthayo ngamaphesenti angu-10, ngaleyo ndlela ukuxhumana okuncane nezindonga zekamelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela cishe u-10% ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okuncane ezindongeni ze-cylinder. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwe-swirl ngandlela-thile kuyindida, njengoba kuze kube muva nje i-swirl yabangelwa ngamabomu ukuvala enye yeziteshi zokudonsa, okuthiwa yi-swirl flaps, ngenxa yokuxuba okungcono kanye nokusha okulandelayo kwengxube yokuthungela. Nokho, namuhla isimo sihlukile, njengoba ama-injection eletha uphethiloli we-diesel ngomfutho ophakeme onezimbobo eziningi, ngakho asikho isidingo sokuyisiza ukuba i-athomu ngokushesha ngokuzungeza umoya. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ukukhuphuka komoya okujikelezayo kuhlanganisa, ngaphezu kokupholisa umoya ocindezelwe ezindongeni zesilinda, nokulahlekelwa okuphakeme kokupompa (ngenxa yengxenye encane yesiphambano) kanye nokushiswa kancane kwengxube evuthayo.
Ushintsho lwesibili olukhulu lokuklama ukuguqulwa kwebhulokhi yangaphakathi yensimbi yensimbi, ebekwe ebhlokini le-aluminium. Ngenkathi iphansi lisagxilwe ngokuqinile kubhulokhi ye-aluminium, phezulu kuvulekile. Ngale ndlela, amasilinda ngamanye ayagqagqana futhi adale lokho okubizwa ngokufaka okumanzi (ibhulokhi evulekile). Ngakho-ke, ukupholisa kwale ngxenye kuxhunywe ngqo esiteshini sokupholisa ekhanda lesilinda, okuholela ekupholiseni okuphumelela ngokwengeziwe kwendawo yomlilo. Injini yasekuqaleni yayifake izinsimbi ezifakwe ngokuphelele zangena ngqo kusigaxa sesilinda (ipulatifomu evaliwe).
Ezinye izingxenye zenjini nazo zishintshiwe. Ikhanda elisha, ukuphindaphinda okuningi, i-engeli yomjovo ehlukile kanye nesimo sepiston kubangele ukugeleza kwengxube ehlukile yokuthungela futhi yingakho inqubo yokuvutha. Ama-injection nawo ashintshwa, athola imbobo eyodwa eyengeziwe (manje eyi-7), kanye nesilinganiso sokucindezela, esancishiswa kusukela ku-18: 1 yasekuqaleni kuya ku-16,0: 1. Ngokunciphisa isilinganiso sokucindezela, umenzi uzuze izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokushisa; Yebo, ngenxa yokukhishwa kabusha kwegesi ephumayo, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwama-nitrogen oxides acishe abole. Ukulawulwa kwe-EGR nakho kushintshiwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi futhi manje sekunembe kakhulu. I-valve ye-EGR ixhunywe ku-cooler yamanzi. Umthamo wamagesi e-flue aphindwe kabusha kanye nokupholisa kwawo kulawulwa ngozibuthe. Ukuvuleka kwayo kanye nesivinini kulawulwa iyunithi yokulawula. I-crank mechanism iphinde yehla isisindo kanye nokungqubuzana: izinduku zokuxhuma zisakazwa izingxenye futhi zihlukaniswe ngokwehlukana. I-piston ine-jet yamafutha ephansi elula ngaphandle kwesiteshi esijikelezayo. I-bore enkulu ngaphansi kwe-piston, kanye nokuphakama kwekamelo elivuthayo, kufaka isandla esilinganisweni esiphansi sokucindezela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izikhala zama-valve azifakiwe. I-crankcase ventilation yenziwa engxenyeni engenhla yesibambi sedrayivu yesikhathi. I-aluminium block yamasilinda ihlukaniswe eduze kwe-axis ye-crankshaft. Uhlaka olungezansi lwe-crankcase nalo lwenziwe nge-alloy ekhanyayo. Ipani likawoyela likathayela ligoqwa kulo. Iphampu yamanzi ekhishwayo nayo inomthelela ekwehliseni ukumelana nemishini kanye nokufudumala kwenjini ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ipompo isebenza ngezindlela ezimbili, ixhunyiwe noma ayixhunyiwe, kuyilapho iqhutshwa i-pulley ehambayo, elawulwa ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo yeyunithi yokulawula. Uma kunesidingo, leli pulley liyanwetshwa ukuze lidale ukudluliswa kwe-friction ngebhande. Lezi zinguquko zithinte zombili izinguqulo (68 kanye nama-82 kW), ezihluke kwezinye nge-VGT turbocharger (82 kW) - ukusebenza kwe-overboost kanye nomjovo ohlukile. Ukuze bazijabulise, abakwaFord abazange basebenzise iglue empompini yamanzi ekhiphekayo futhi bashiye iphampu yamanzi ixhumeke ngokuqondile ebhandeni le-V. Kufanele futhi kwengezwe ukuthi ipompo yamanzi ine-impeller yepulasitiki.
Inguqulo ebuthakathaka isebenzisa isistimu ye-Bosch enezijovo ze-solenoid kanye nengcindezi yomjovo webha engu-1600. Inguqulo enamandla kakhulu ihlanganisa i-Continental enezijovo ze-piezoelectric ezisebenza ngomfutho womjovo wamabha angu-1700. Ama-injection enza umjovo ofinyelela kwababili kanye nomjovo owodwa omkhulu ngenkathi ushayela emjikelezweni ngamunye, eminye emibili ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwesihlungi se-FAP. Endabeni yemishini yomjovo, kuyathakazelisa nokuvikela imvelo. Ngokungeziwe emazingeni aphansi okungcola kumagesi akhipha umoya, izinga lokukhishwa kwe-Euro 5 lidinga ukuthi umenzi aqinisekise izinga lokukhipha umoya elidingekayo elifika kumakhilomitha ayi-160. Ngenjini ebuthakathaka, lokhu kucatshangelwa kugcwaliseka ngisho nangaphandle kwe-electronics eyengeziwe, njengoba ukusetshenziswa nokuguga kwesistimu yomjovo kuncane ngenxa yamandla aphansi kanye nokucindezela komjovo ophansi. Endabeni yokuhluka okunamandla kakhulu, isistimu ye-Continental izovele ifakwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-auto-adaptive electronics, ethola ukuchezuka kumapharamitha omlilo adingekayo ngenkathi ushayela bese yenza izinguquko. Isistimu ilinganiswa ngaphansi kwe-injini ye-braking, lapho kukhona ukunyuka okucishe kungabonakali kwejubane. Ama-electronics abe esethola ukuthi lezo zivinini zikhuphuke ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi uphethiloli ongakanani owawudingeka. Ukuze uthole ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo okulungile, kuyadingeka ukuthutha imoto ngezikhathi ezithile, isibonelo, phansi emthambekeni, ukuze kube nokubhuleka kwenjini ende. Uma kungenjalo, uma le nqubo ingenzeki phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo umenzi, i-electronics ingase ibonise umlayezo wephutha futhi ukuvakashela esikhungweni sesevisi kuyodingeka.
Namuhla, i-ecology yokusebenza kwemoto ibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngisho nasendabeni ye-HDi ethuthukisiwe engu-1,6, umenzi akashiyanga lutho ngengozi. Eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-12 edlule, iqembu le-PSA lethula isihlungi sezinhlayiyana ze-flagship yalo i-Peugeot 607, enezithasiselo ezikhethekile ezisiza ukuqeda izinhlayiyana. Iqembu yilona kuphela eligcine lesi simiso kuze kube yilolu suku, okungukuthi ukwengeza uphethiloli ethangini ngaphambi kokuvutha kwangempela. Kancane kancane izithasiselo zenziwa ngokusekelwe ku-rhodium ne-cerium, namuhla imiphumela efanayo ifinyelelwa ngama-iron oxide ashibhile. Lolu hlobo lokuhlanza i-flue gas luphinde lwasetshenziswa isikhathi esithile ngudade wakwaFord, kodwa kuphela ngezinjini ezihambisana ne-Euro 1,6 ezingu-2,0 nezingu-4. Lolu hlelo lokususa izinhlayiyana lusebenza ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala iwumzila olula, okungukuthi uma injini isebenza ngomthwalo ophakeme (isibonelo, lapho ushayela ngokushesha kuthelawayeka). Khona-ke asikho isidingo sokuthutha udizili ongashiswanga ojovwe kusilinda uwuyise esisefweni lapho wawungajiya khona futhi uhlambulule uwoyela. I-carbon black eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwe-additive ecebile ye-naphtha iyakwazi ukuvutha ngisho naku-450 ° C. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kwanele ukubambezela isigaba sokugcina somjovo, uphethiloli (ngisho ne-soot) uvutha ngqo ku-cylinder futhi. akubeki engcupheni ukugcwaliswa kwamafutha ngenxa yokuncibilika kwephethiloli kadizili kusihlungi se-DPF (FAP). Okwesibili okukhethwa kukho yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa okusizwayo, lapho, ekupheleni kwe-stroke yokuqeda, uphethiloli we-diesel ujojowe emagesini e-flue ngokusebenzisa ipayipi yokukhipha. Amagesi e-flue athwala uphethiloli wedizili oncibilikisiwe uwuyise ku-catalyst ye-oxidation. Udizili uvutha kuwo bese kuthi umle ofakwe esisefweni uyasha. Yiqiniso, yonke into igadwa yi-electronics yokulawula, ebala izinga lokuvala isihlungi ngokuhambisana nomthwalo wenjini. I-ECU iqapha okokufaka komjovo futhi isebenzisa ulwazi olusuka kunzwa yomoya-mpilo kanye nenzwa yokushisa/nomehluko wengcindezi njengempendulo. Ngokusekelwe kudatha, i-ECU inquma isimo sangempela sesihlungi futhi, uma kunesidingo, ibika isidingo sokuvakasha kwesevisi.
Ngokungafani ne-PSA, abakwaFord bathatha indlela ehlukile nelula. Ayisebenzisi isithasiselo sikaphethiloli ukususa udaba lwezinhlayiyana. Ukuvuselelwa kwenzeka njengezinye izimoto eziningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, okokuqala, ukushisa isihlungi sibe ngu-450 ° C ngokwandisa umthwalo wenjini nokushintsha isikhathi somjovo wokugcina. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-naphtha eyondliwe ku-oxidation catalyst esimweni esingashiswanga iyasha.
Kube nenani lezinye izinguquko enjinini. Ngokwesibonelo. Isihlungi sikaphethiloli sithathelwe indawo ngokuphelele ngendlu yensimbi eboshelwe phezulu lapho kukhona khona iphampu yesandla, ukuphefumula kanye nezinzwa zamanzi ezingaphezulu. Inguqulo eyisisekelo engu-68 kW ayiqukethe i-flywheel enesisindo esikabili, kodwa i-flywheel engaguquki yakudala ene-spring-loaded clutch disc. Inzwa yejubane (Inzwa yehholo) itholakala ku-pulley yesikhathi. Igiya linamazinyo angu-22 + 2 kanti inzwa ine-bipolar ukuze ibone ukuzungeza okubuyela emuva kwe-shaft ngemva kokucisha injini nokuletha elinye lamapiston esigabeni sokuminyanisa. Lo msebenzi uyadingeka ukuze uqalise kabusha uhlelo lokumisa-ukuqalisa ngokushesha. Iphampu yomjovo iqhutshwa ibhande lesikhathi. Esimeni senguqulo engu-68 kW, uhlobo lwe-Bosch CP 4.1 lwe-single-piston lusetshenziswa nephampu yokuphakelayo edidiyelwe. Ingcindezi yomjovo ephezulu yehlisiwe isuka ku-1700 bar yaya ku-1600 bar. I-camshaft ifakwe kukhava ye-valve. Iphampu ye-vacuum iqhutshwa yi-camshaft, eyenza i-vacuum ye-booster ye-brake, kanye nokulawula i-turbocharger kanye ne-bypass ye-exhaust gas recirculation system. Ithangi likaphethiloli elicindezelwe lifakwe inzwa yokucindezela ekugcineni kwesokudla. Esignali yakhe, iyunithi yokulawula ilawula ukucindezela ngokulungisa iphampu kanye nokuchichima imibhobho. Inzuzo yalesi sixazululo ukungabikho kwesilawuli sokucindezela esihlukile. Olunye ushintsho ukungabikho kwe-multifold intake, ngomugqa wepulasitiki ovuleka ngqo emzimbeni we-throttle futhi ufakwe ngqo endaweni yokungena ekhanda. Indlu yepulasitiki engakwesokunxele iqukethe i-valve yokupholisa elawulwa nge-elektroniki. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, kushintshwa ngokuphelele. Usayizi omncane we-turbocharger uthuthukise isikhathi sayo sokuphendula futhi wazuza isivinini esiphezulu ngenkathi ama-bearings ayo epholile amanzi. Enguqulweni ye-68 kW, ukulawulwa kuhlinzekwa nge-bypass elula, esimweni senguqulo enamandla kakhulu, ukulawulwa kuhlinzekwa yi-geometry eguquguqukayo yama-stator blades. Isihlungi samafutha sakhiwe kumshini wokushisa wamanzi, ukufakwa kwephepha kuphela kushintshiwe. I-gasket yekhanda inezingqimba eziningana ze-composite kanye neshidi lensimbi. Amanotshi onqenqemeni olungaphezulu akhombisa uhlobo nogqinsi olusetshenzisiwe. I-valve uvemvane isetshenziselwa ukumunca ingxenye yamagesi e-flue asuka kusekethe ye-EGR ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu. Iphinde isebenzisa i-DPF ngesikhathi sokuvuselela futhi ivale ukunikezwa komoya ukuze kunciphe ukudlidliza lapho injini icishiwe.
Ekugcineni, nemingcele lobuchwepheshe izinjini ezichazwe.
Uhlobo olunamandla kakhulu lwenjini engu-1560 cc kadizili enama-cylinder amane iletha i-torque ephezulu engu-270 Nm (phambilini eyi-250 Nm) ku-1750 rpm. Ngisho naku-1500 rpm, ifinyelela ku-242 Nm. Amandla amakhulu ka-82 kW (80 kW) afinyelelwa ku-3600 rpm. Uhlobo olubuthaka luthola i-torque ephezulu engu-230 Nm (215 Nm) ku-1750 rpm namandla amakhulu we-68 kW (66 kW) ku-4000 rpm.
IFord neVolvo babika izilinganiso zamandla ezingama-70 no-85 kW ezimotweni zabo. Yize kube nomehluko omncane ekusebenzeni, izinjini ziyefana, umehluko kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwe-DPF engenzi lutho maqondana neFord neVolvo.
* Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisile, injini ithembeke ngempela kunangaphambili. Imibhobho inamathiselwe kangcono futhi akukho ukuhlanzwa, i-turbocharger nayo inokuphila okude nokuncane ukwakheka kwe-carob. Kodwa-ke, ipani likawoyela elenziwe ngokungajwayelekile lihlala, okuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (ukumiselela okudala) akuvumeli ushintsho lukawoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu. Idiphozi yekhabhoni nokunye ukungcola okuhlaliswe phansi kwegobolondo kamuva kungcolisa uwoyela omusha, kuphazamise impilo yenjini nezinto zayo. Injini idinga ukunakekelwa kaningi futhi okubizayo ukukhulisa impilo yayo. Lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuqaqa futhi uhlanze kahle ipani likawoyela. Kamuva, lapho kushintshwa uwoyela, kunconywa ukuthi ukhiphe injini ngamafutha amasha, ngokulandelana. bese ususa futhi uhlanze ipani likawoyela okungenani njalo ku-100 km.
