Injini ye-Mitsubishi 6A12
Okuqukethwe
Injini engu-6A12, eyasungulwa abakhi bezinjini baseJapan be-Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (MMC) ukukhathazeka, isithuthukiswe kaningi. Naphezu kwezinguquko ezibalulekile, inkomba yahlala ingashintshi.
Incazelo
Iyunithi yamandla engu-6A12 yakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-2010. Ingu-2,0 litre engu-six-cylinder kaphethroli emise okwe-V enamandla angu-145-200 hp.
Kufakwe ezimotweni zama-automaker MMC, Proton (eyenziwe eMalaysia):
I-cylinder block yakho konke ukuguqulwa kwenjini iyinsimbi ekhonjiwe.
Ikhanda le-cylinder lenziwe nge-aluminium alloy. Ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zezinjini, i-camshaft eyodwa noma amabili abekwe ekhanda. I-camshaft yayitholakala ezisekelweni ezine (SOHC) noma ezinhlanu (DOHC). Amakamelo okushisa ohlobo lwetende.
Amavalvu okukhipha umoya wezinjini ze-DOHC kanye ne-DOHC-MIVEC agcwele i-sodium.
I-crankshaft iyinsimbi, yenziwe ngomgunyathi. Itholakala kuzisekelo ezine.
I-piston iyindilinga, eyenziwe nge-aluminium alloy, enezindandatho ezimbili zokucindezela kanye nendandatho eyodwa ye-scraper kawoyela.
Isistimu yokugcoba ngokuhlanzwa kwamafutha agcwele kanye nokunikezwa kwayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi kumayunithi okuhlikihla.
Isistimu yokupholisa evaliwe ngokujikeleza kokupholisa okuphoqelekile.
Isistimu yokuthungela yezinjini ze-SOHC ayinakuthintana nomsabalalisi, ngekhoyili eyodwa yokuthungela. Izinjini ze-DOHC zakhiqizwa ngaphandle komsabalalisi.
Wonke amamodeli amayunithi wamandla afakwe isistimu yokuphefumula ye-crankcase ephoqelelwe, evimbela ukukhululwa kwamagesi okukhipha amandla angena kuwo.
Ama-ICE anesistimu yesikhathi yama-valve eguquguqukayo i-MIVEC (uhlelo lokulawula ukuphakamisa ama-valve kagesi kuye ngesivinini se-crankshaft) akhulise amandla kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezinto eziyingozi kumagesi akhipha umoya. Ukwengeza, ukonga uphethiloli kuyenzeka. Ungabuka ividiyo mayelana nokuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani.
Технические характеристики
Izici zezinhlobo ezintathu zezinjini zifingqiwe etafuleni.
| Umkhiqizi | MMC | MMC | MMC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukulungiswa kwenjini | I-SOHC | I-DOHC | I-DOHC-MIVEC |
| Ivolumu, cm³ | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 |
| Amandla, hp | 145 | 150-170 | 200 |
| I-Torque, Nm | 171 | 180-186 | 200 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 |
| Isilinda block | Insimbi | Insimbi | Insimbi |
| Ikhanda lesilinda | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium |
| Inani lamasilinda | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 78,4 | 78,4 | 78,4 |
| Ukuhlelwa kwesilinda | Ubumbeke njengo-V | Ubumbeke njengo-V | Ubumbeke njengo-V |
| I-Camber angle, amadigri. | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 69 | 69 | 69 |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Izinxephezelo zeHydraulic | + | + | akukho |
| Isikhathi sokushayela | ibhande | ibhande | ibhande |
| Ukulungiswa kokuqina kwebhande | imuvi | umshini ozenzakalelayo | |
| Ukulawula isikhathi se-valve | - | - | I-Electronic, i-MIVEC |
| I-Turbocharging | akukho | akukho | |
| Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli | Kusatshalaliswa umjovo | umjovo | umjovo |
| I-Fuel | Uphethiloli AI-95 | Uphethiloli AI-95 | Uphethiloli AI-95 |
| Isimiso se-ecology | I-Euro 2/3 | I-Euro 2/3 | Euro 3 |
| Indawo: | phambene | phambene | |
| Insiza, ngaphandle. km | 300 | 250 | 220 |
Ngokuya ngendawo yamabhande esikhathi nezinanyathiselwa (kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele), idatha yethebula yohlobo ngalunye lwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ihluka kancane kuleyo ebonisiwe.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana idivayisi, ukulungiswa kanye nokulungisa injini, landela isixhumanisi.
Ukuthembeka, ubuthakathaka, ukugcina
Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nenjini oluthakasela wonke umuntu othanda izimoto.
Ukuthembeka
Ngokusho kolwazi olutholakalayo, izinjini ze-6A12, uma kulandelwa imithetho yokugcinwa nokusebenza kwazo, zingakwazi ukunqoba kalula umkhawulo wezinsiza eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-400 km. Ukuthembeka kweyunithi yamandla kuncike esimweni sengqondo somshayeli ngakuyo.
Emiyalweni yokusebenza kwemoto, umenzi udalule ngokuningiliziwe zonke izinkinga zokunakekelwa kwenjini. Kodwa lapha iphuzu elilodwa elibalulekile kufanele licatshangelwe - eRussia, izidingo zesondlo kufanele zishintshwe kancane. Ngokukhethekile, izikhathi zamamayela phakathi kokulungiswa okuvamile zincishisiwe. Lokhu kubangelwa amafutha asezingeni eliphansi kanye nezinto zokugcoba nemigwaqo ehlukile kweyaseJapan.
Isibonelo, lapho usebenzisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ezimweni ezinzima, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe uwoyela ngemuva kwe-5000 km yemoto. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka kwenjini, leli banga kuzodingeka lehliswe. Noma gcwalisa isistimu ngamafutha ekhwalithi yaseJapane. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela lezi zimo kuzosondeza kakhulu ukulungisa okukhulu.
Ilungu leforamu uMarat Dulatbaev ubhala okulandelayo mayelana nokwethembeka (isitayela sombhali sigcinwe):
Ngakho-ke, singakhuluma ngokuzethemba ngokuthembeka okuphezulu kweyunithi uma igcinwa kahle.
Izindawo ezibuthakathaka
Injini ye-6A12 inamaphuzu amaningana abuthakathaka, imiphumela emibi engancishiswa kalula. Ingozi enkulu kakhulu ibangelwa ukwehla komfutho kawoyela. Lesi simo ezimweni eziningi sibangela ukuthi ama-liner ajikeleze. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile okuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zomkhiqizi kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kwenjini okungenasici.
Insiza yebhande lesikhathi esiphansi (izinkulungwane ezingama-90 km). Uma ibhujiswa, ukugoba kwama-valve akunakugwenywa. Ukushintsha ibhande ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-75-80 kuzoqeda leli phuzu elibuthakathaka.
Izinxephezelo zeHydraulic ziguga ngokushesha. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha asezingeni eliphansi. Amayunithi wamandla angu-6A12 azo zonke izinguquko abhekwa njenge- "omnivorous" ngokuphathelene nophethiloli, kodwa adinga kakhulu izinga likawoyela. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabanga ashibhile kuholela ekulungiseni injini eqolo.
Ukulondolozeka
Ukuqina kwenjini kuhle. Ungathola ulwazi oluningi ngalesi sihloko ku-inthanethi. Amalungu enkundla athumela emilayezweni yawo incazelo enemininingwane yezinyathelo zokulungisa injini ngezandla zawo. Ukuze kucace, isithombe sinamathiselwe.
Ayikho futhi inkinga enkulu ngama-spare parts. Ezitolo ezikhethekile ze-inthanethi ungathola noma iyiphi ingxenye noma umhlangano. Lolu hlobo lokulungisa, olufana nokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye eziyisipele zenjini yomnikeli, selusabalele.
Kodwa inketho engcono kakhulu yokuxazulula inkinga ukuyibeka kochwepheshe abavela esikhungweni sesevisi yemoto esikhethekile.
Zonke izinguquko injini Mitsubishi zithembekile futhi isikhathi eside. Kodwa bafuna kakhulu izinga lamafutha kanye nezinto zokugcoba, ikakhulukazi uwoyela.
