Injini ye-D4D evela kwaToyota - yini okufanele uyazi mayelana neyunithi?

Injini yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana phakathi kweToyota neDenso Corporation. Isebenzisa izixazululo ezaziwa kwezinye izinjini zesimanje zikadizili. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, ukusebenza kwamamephu okushisa lapho ulawula injini usebenzisa i-TCCS.

Yakhiwa nini injini ye-D4D futhi isetshenziswa kuziphi izimoto?

Umsebenzi webhulokhi ye-D4D waqala emuva ngo-1995. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezimoto zokuqala ngale njini kwaqala ngo-1997. Imakethe enkulu yayiyi-Europe, ngoba lolu phiko lwalungadumile kakhulu e-Asia noma e-United States, naphezu kokuthi iToyota idayisa izimoto eziningi lapho.

Injini ye-D4D isetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili zakwaToyota, kodwa kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho - lokhu kunjalo uma kukhulunywa ngamayunithi lapho kusetshenziswa khona uhlelo lwe-D-CAT. Lokhu ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwe-D4D futhi ingcindezi yomjovo iphakeme kunesistimu yokuqala - ibha engu-2000, hhayi ububanzi obusuka ku-1350 kuya ku-1600 bar. 

Izinhlobo ezidumile zamayunithi kusukela kwaToyota

Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zenjini yakwaToyota kwakuyi-1CD-FTV. Ifakwe uhlelo lwe-Common Rail. Yayinomthamo wokusebenza ongu-2 amalitha namandla angu-116 hp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo uhlanganisa amasilinda amane e-in-line, izindonga zesilinda eziqinisiwe kanye ne-geometry turbocharger eguquguqukayo. Iyunithi ye-1CD-FTV yakhiqizwa kwaze kwaba ngu-2007. Amamodeli ezimoto efakwe kuwo:

• Toyota Avensis?
• I-Corolla;
• Okwedlule;
• I-Corolla Verso;
• I-RAV4.

1ND-TV

Okunye okufanele kukhulunywe ngakho ibhulokhi ye-1ND-TV. Bekuyinjini yedizili enamasilinda amane ane-turbocharged. Ibe nokugudluzwa okungu-1,4 litres futhi, njengamanye amayunithi e-D-4D, yasebenzisa umjovo kaphethiloli oqondile we-Common Rail. Esimeni se-1ND-TV, amandla aphezulu ngu-68,88 no-90 hp, futhi iyunithi ngokwayo ithobelana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-EURO VI. Amamodeli ezimoto afakwe le njini ahlanganisa:

• i-Auris;
• I-Corolla;
• Yaris;
• S-ivesi;
• I-Etios.

I-1KD-FTV ne-2KDFTV

Endabeni ye-1KD-FTV, sikhuluma nge-in-line, injini yedizili engamasilinda amane enamakhamera amabili kanye ne-turbine engu-3 litre enamandla angu-172 hp. Kufakwe ezimotweni:

• I-Land Cruiser Prado;
• I-Hilux Surf;
• I-Fortuner;
• Hyas;
• I-Hilux.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isizukulwane sesibili safika emakethe ngo-2001. Yayinokususwa okuncane namandla amakhulu kunangaphambili: 2,5 amalitha kanye ne-142 hp. Wayekhona ezimotweni ezifana nalezi:

• I-Fortuner;
• I-Hilux;
• Hyas;
• Innova.

I-AD-FTV

Iyunithi yalolu chungechunge yethulwa ngo-2005. Yayine-turbocharger, kanye nokufuduka okungamalitha angu-2.0 namandla angu-127 hp. Isizukulwane sesibili, i-2AD-FTV, ifakwe isistimu yesitimela evamile ye-D-4D, kanye ne-geometry turbocharger eguquguqukayo engamalitha angu-2,2. Amandla aphezulu asukela ku-136 kuya ku-149 hp.

Isizukulwane sesithathu seyunithi siphinde sadalwa. Ithole igama elithi 2AD-FHV futhi inamajoyi e-piezo esivinini esikhulu. Abaqambi baphinde basebenzisa uhlelo lwe-D-CAT, olukhawula ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi. Isilinganiso sokucindezela sasingu-15,7:1. Ivolumu yokusebenza yayiyi-2,2 amalitha, futhi iyunithi ngokwayo inikeze amandla kusuka ku-174 kuya ku-178 hp. Amayunithi asohlwini asetshenziswe abanikazi bezimoto abafana:

• I-RAV4;
• I-Avensis;
• I-Corolla Verso;
• U-Auris.

I-1GD-FTV

Ngo-2015, isizukulwane sokuqala seyunithi ye-1GD-FTV yethulwa. Bekuyiyunithi ye-inline engu-2,8-litre enenjini engu-175 hp DOHC. Yayinamasilinda angu-4 kanye ne-geometry turbocharger eguquguqukayo. Esizukulwaneni sesibili, i-2GD-FTV ibe nokufuduka okungamalitha angu-2,4 namandla angu-147 hp. Izinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zibe nesilinganiso sokuminyanisa esifanayo esingu-15:6. Amayunithi afakwe kumamodeli afana nala:

• I-Hilux;
• I-Land Cruiser Prado;
• I-Fortuner;
• Innova.

1 VD-FTV

Isiteji esisha emlandweni wezinjini zakwaToyota kwaba ukwethulwa kweyunithi engu-1 VD-FTV. Bekuyinjini yokuqala kadizili emise okuka-V engu-8 cylinder kanti ishintsha ibe ngu-4,5 litres. Ifakwe uhlelo lwe-D4D, kanye ne-turbocharger eyodwa noma ezimbili zejiyomethri. Amandla aphezulu weyunithi ye-turbocharged yayingu-202 hp, kanye ne-twin turbo yayingu-268 hp.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zikadizili?

Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukwehluleka kwama-injection. Injini yeToyota D4D ayisebenzi kahle, futhi idla uphethiloli omningi, noma inomsindo omkhulu.

Kukhona ukwehluleka kumabhulokhi 3.0 D4D. Zihlobene nokushiswa kwezindandatho zokuvala, ezenziwe ngethusi futhi zifakwe kuma-injection fuel. Uphawu lokungasebenzi kahle yintuthu emhlophe ephuma enjinini. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ngokulungiswa okuvamile kweyunithi nokushintshwa kwezingxenye, injini ye-D4D kufanele ikubuyisele ngokusebenza okushelelayo nokuzinzile.