BMW N46B20 injini

Umlando wezinjini ze-BMW uqala kudala ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lama-21. Injini ye-N46B20 nayo ihlukile; imele umklamo wakudala weyunithi yamasilinda amane esemgqeni, ethuthukiswe kakhulu abantu baseBavaria. Imvelaphi yale motor ihlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kwawo-60s ekhulwini elidlule, lapho injini eguquguqukayo ngempela ebizwa ngokuthi i-M10 yabona ukukhanya kosuku. Izici eziyinhloko zale yunithi yilezi:

• ukusetshenziswa hhayi kuphela insimbi cast, kodwa futhi aluminium ukuze unciphise isisindo injini;
• "izikhala" zokungenisa kanye ne-exhaust ezinhlangothini ezahlukene zenjini;
• indawo yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi endaweni yenjini enethambeka elingama-degree angu-30.

Injini ye-M10 isibe yi-trendsetters yevolumu "ephakathi" (kufika ku-2 amalitha - M43) nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ulayini wezinjini ezinamandla ezisemgqeni, ofakwe amamodeli amaningi e-BMW, ​​uyaqala. Ihlukile ezicini zayo, ngaleso sikhathi, injini yabonakala iyinhle kakhulu.

Kodwa amaBavaria ayenganele futhi, ngokuphelela kwesici sabo, aqhubeka nokuthuthukisa umklamo wenjini ophumelele kakade. Engesabi ukuhlola futhi elwela "ekahle", izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zenjini ye-M10 zenziwa, zonke zihluka ngevolumu (kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-2.0 amalitha) nezinhlelo zikaphethiloli (i-carburetor eyodwa, i-carburetors emibili, umjovo womshini).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaBavaria, engazange abe nesikhathi esanele sokudlala nale njini, anquma ukuphendukela ekuthuthukiseni ikhanda le-cylinder, akhulise izigaba zokugeleza zamashaneli okungenisa/wokukhipha umoya. Khona-ke kusetshenziswe ikhanda le-cylinder elinama-camshaft amabili, noma kunjalo, ngokusho kwabaklami, lesi sixazululo asizange sizilungise ngokugcwele futhi asizange singene ekukhiqizeni.

Kwanqunywa ukuthi kuhambisane nenjini enamasilinda amane ane-camshaft eyodwa ephezulu namavalvu amabili isilinda. Kusukela kulo mqulu, onjiniyela bakwazi ukususa kuze kufike ku-110 hp.

Esikhathini esizayo, uchungechunge lwezinjini "M" lwaqhubeka luthuthuka, oluholele ekutholeni amayunithi amasha, bathola izinkomba ezilandelayo: M31, M43, M64, M75. Zonke lezi zinjini zadalwa futhi zathuthukiswa ku-M10 cylinder block, lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1980. Kamuva, i-M10 yashintsha injini ye-M40, ehloswe kakhulu ohambweni lwezakhamuzi kunemijaho esheshayo. Umehluko omkhulu ovela ku-M10 yibhande esikhundleni seketango endleleni yesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cylinder block yaqeda "izilonda" ezijwayelekile. Amandla ezinjini ezenziwe ku-M40 awazange andise kakhulu, okukhiphayo kwaba 116 hp kuphela. Ngo-1994, injini ye-M40 yanikezwa injini entsha - i-M43. Ngokombono womklamo we-cylinder block, azikho izinguquko eziningi kakhulu, njengoba iningi lezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe liye lathinta ubungane bemvelo kanye nezinhlelo zokwethenjelwa, amandla enjini ahlala efana - 116 hp.

Umlando motor, kusukela N42 ukuze N46

Ngenxa yokuthi wonke umlando omude nocebile wezinjini ezine-cylinder ezine azikwazi ukuchazwa kafushane, ake sidlulele ekwehlukeni okuqondile phakathi kwezinjini ze-N42 ne-N46. Lesi sakamuva sithakazelisa kakhulu kithi, ngoba sakhiqizwa kwaze kwaba ngu-2013, okusho ukuthi inqwaba yezimoto ezifakwe le yunithi yamandla zihamba ezindaweni zeRussian Federation kanye neCIS. Ake sibheke umehluko phakathi kwe-N46 nowandulelayo, u-N42.

Ngakho, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi N42 (kanye nokuhluka kwayo N43, N45) yashintsha i-M2001 ngo-43. Umehluko omkhulu wezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwenjini entsha ne-M43 kwakuwukubukeka kwama-camshaft amabili ku-cylinder head (cylinder head), ama-variable valve timing systems (VANOS) namavalvu okuphakamisa aguquguqukayo (Valvetronic). Uhla lwamayunithi amandla we-N42 luncane futhi luqukethe amamodeli amabili kuphela - i-N42B18 ne-N42B20; lezi zinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zihlukile komunye nomunye ngokuyisisekelo kuphela ngevolumu. Izinombolo 18 no-20 enkombeni ye-N42 zibonisa ivolumu yenjini, 18 - 1.8 amalitha, 20 - 2.0 amalitha, amandla - 116 no-143, ngokulandelana. Ibanga lezimoto ezifakwe lezi zinjini lincane kakhulu - kuphela iBMW 3 Series.

Siwuhlele kancane umlando wokudalwa nokuvela kwezinjini zamasilinda amane, manje ake sidlulele kwiqhawe lethu lomcimbi - injini enenkomba ye-N46. Le yunithi iwukuqhubeka okunengqondo kwenjini ye-N42. Lapho bedala le njini yomlilo yangaphakathi, onjiniyela baseBavaria bacabangela isipiliyoni sokwakha iyunithi yangaphambili, baqoqa izibalo ezinkulu futhi bethula emhlabeni injini efanayo endala, kodwa ngezinguquko eziningi.

Isixazululo sokugcina sefekthri kwakuyi-N46B20 motor, eyasebenza njengesisekelo sokudala ezinye izinhlobo ze-N46 motor. Ake sihlolisise umsunguli wochungechunge - N46B20. Le njini iyiklamo efanayo "yakudala" - injini evuthayo yangaphakathi enamasilinda amane enevolumu engamalitha ama-2. Umehluko omkhulu kowandulelayo:

• idizayini yenduku yokuxhuma eqinile ethuthukisiwe;
• ipompo ye-vacuum enomklamo oshintshiwe;
• ama-roller pushers enziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside ezinephrofayili ehlukile;
• umklamo oguquliwe we-balanceing shafts;
• I-ECU inemojula yokulawula i-valvetronic eyakhelwe kuyo.

Izici zobuchwepheshe ze-BMW N46B20 injini yomlilo yangaphakathi

Ukuqhubeka okunengqondo kwe-N42 ngesimo senjini ye-N46B20 kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Injini entsha yahlelwa kabusha ngokuphawulekayo, ngokusekelwe ezibalweni zokulungisa zomanduleli wayo, onjiniyela bathuthukisa izindawo zenkinga enjinini, nakuba bengakwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele "izilonda" ezitholakala enjini ye-BMW. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyinto evamile yomkhiqizo we-BMW, ​​kodwa ngaphezulu kwalokho kamuva.

I-ICE BMW N46B20 ithole imininingwane elandelayo:

Unyaka wokukhiqizwa kweyunithi yamandla	Kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2012*
uhlobo lwenjini	Uphethiloli
Isakhiwo seyunithi yamandla	Emgqeni, amasilinda amane
Ivolumu yezimoto	2.0 litre**
Isistimu yamandla	Umjovo
Ikhanda lesilinda	I-DOHC (ama-camshaft amabili), idrayivu yesikhathi - iketango
Amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi	143hp ku-6000 rpm***
I-Torque	200Nm ku-3750***
Impahla ye-cylinder block nekhanda le-cylinder	I-cylinder block - i-aluminium, i-cylinder head - i-aluminium
Uphethiloli odingekayo	I-AI-96, AI-95 (Euro 4-5 class)
Insiza yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi	Kusukela ku-200 kuya ku-000 (kuye ngokuthi ukusebenza nokugcinwa), insiza evamile yi-400 - 000 emotweni enakekelwa kahle.

Kufanelekile futhi ukuphawula mayelana nedatha ekhonjiswe kuthebula:

* - unyaka wokukhiqiza ukhonjiswe kububanzi bezinjini ezisuselwa ku-N46 cylinder block, ekusebenzeni, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi (ukuguqulwa okuyisisekelo) N46B20O0 - kuze kube ngu-2005, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi engu-N46B20U1 - kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2011 kuye ngokuthi imodeli;

** - ivolumu ekhonjisiwe nayo ilinganiselwe, izinjini eziningi ku-N46 block zinamalitha amabili, kodwa futhi kwakukhona injini engu-1.8-litre emgqeni;

*** - amandla kanye ne-torque nakho kulinganiselwe, njengoba kusekelwe ku-N46B20 block kunezinguquko eziningi zezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinamandla ahlukene kanye ne-torque.

Uma kunesidingo sokwazi ukumakwa okuqondile kwenjini kanye nenombolo yayo yokuhlonza, kufanele uthembele kumdwebo ongezansi.

Ukuthembeka kanye nokugcinwa kwezinjini ze-BMW N46B20

Kunezinganekwane ezimayelana nokuthembeka kwezinjini “zezinganekwane” zeBMW; abanye bawancoma kakhulu la mayunithi, kuyilapho abanye bewagxeka ngokungenaluzwela. Awukho neze umbono ocacile ngalolu daba, ngakho-ke ake sibheke lawa ma-motor ngokusekelwe kwizibalo kanye nokudweba ukufana okunengqondo.

Ngakho-ke, enye yezimbangela ezivamile zokuhluleka kwamayunithi asekelwe ku-N46 block ukushisa ngokweqile. Indaba enamakhanda ashise kakhulu futhi "aziphatha" (ikhanda le-cylinder) iyaqhubeka isuka ezinjini ezikhiqizwe ngawo-80s. Emishinini ene-N46 block, lokhu akukubi kangako, kodwa kunengozi yokwehluleka kwenjini. Futhi uma owandulelayo (N42) ehlushwa ukushisa ngokweqile, khona-ke izinto ziba ngcono nge-N46. Ukushisa kokuvula kwe-thermostat kuncishisiwe, kodwa injini isasaba uwoyela wekhwalithi ephansi, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha amabi nama-lubricant ezimoto ze-BMW kufana nokufa okuthile, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlanga ezivamile "zokugijima" isigqi. Enjinini eshisa kakhulu, ikhanda le-cylinder ngokungenakugwenywa "lintanta", izikhala ezinkulu zivela phakathi kwe-cylinder block kanye nekhanda le-cylinder, ukupholisa kwejazi lokupholisa kungena kumasilinda, futhi imoto "ifika" enhloko-dolobha.

Amamotho ku-N46 block afakwe ama-variable valve timing systems (VANOS), lena iyunithi eyinkimbinkimbi yezobuchwepheshe, futhi uma iphuka, ukulungiswa kungabiza isamba esihlelekile (kufika kuma-ruble angu-60). . Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kuma-run angaphezu kuka-000 km. Uma kwenzeka "i-zhora" yamafutha, okokuqala, umuntu kufanele one kuma-valve stem seals, ukushintshwa kwawo kuzobiza cishe ama-ruble angu-70 - 000, kuye ngokuthi imodeli yomshini kanye nenkonzo.

Akufanele ubambezele le nkinga, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwenjini!

Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokushiswa kwamafutha okungapheli, ~ kufika ku-500 g wamafutha nge-1000 km ngayinye, kuye ngokuthi isimo senjini. Izinga likawoyela kufanele liqashwe ngokucophelela futhi lifakwe phezulu uma kunesidingo.

Enye i-nuance ezinjinini ezakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo se-N46B20 indlela ye-timing chain, nakho konke okushiwo. Izingcweti ezinolwazi ziyakunxusa ukuthi uqaphe umhlangano wesikhathi kuma-run angaphezu kuka-90 km, lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulabo abathanda ukushayela; abagibeli abazolile kufanele bakunake lokhu kuma-run angaphezu kuka-000 km. Kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi iketango leluliwe, futhi izindlela zokuqinisa ezenziwe ngepulasitiki zingasetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukwehla okukhulu kwezici zokudonsa, futhi kwezinye izimo, lokhu kubuye kulekelelwa nomsindo weketanga ngokwalo.

Imvamisa, abanikazi bangacasulwa yipompo ye-vacuum "ejulukayo". Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, le nkinga cishe ayibonakali, kodwa ekunakekeleni okulandelayo, kufanele nakanjani unake "i-vacuum tank". Uma ama-smudges eqinile, kufanele uthenge ikhithi yokulungisa ipompo yokuqala futhi uyilungise, yebo, kubadwebi abaqeqeshiwe. Futhi, izinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa ukungenzi kahle okungazinzile kanye nokuqaliswa kwenjini “okude”, isizathu kuyi-valve yokungenisa umoya ye-crankcase. Kufanele ishintshwe kuma-run angaphezu kuka-40 - 000 km.

Ama-Nuances

I-BMW akuyona imoto elula, kokubili mayelana nokugcinwa kanye nokubukeka nezici zokushayela. Idizayini enolaka, ukumiswa okucushwe kahle, injini eneshalofu letorque “elibushelelezi”. AbaseBavaria abakathandi kakhulu izinjini ze-volumetric, bekhononda ngesisindo sabo esinzima. Ukuphishekela amatekisi aphelele kanye nokwenziwayo kuyancomeka. Kuphela manje, ngeshwa, ukushayela nokugcina izimoto zakwa-BMW emazweni aseRussian Federation kanye ne-CIS kutholakala ngepeni elihle. Futhi kungaba kuhle uma ukugcinwa okumba eqolo kwakungavamile ukudingeka, kodwa lokhu akukona mayelana ne-BMW.

I-nuance eyinhloko, inkinga nobuhlungu kubanikazi be-BMW basekhaya uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi, okuvame ukuletha ubuhlungu bekhanda kubanikazi bezimoto zakwamanye amazwe zaseJalimane. Futhi uma wengeza uwoyela oshibhile kanye nethuba lokuhlala isikhathi eside esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, umphumela uba umonakalo omkhulu enjinini. Isikhathi esihleliwe sokushintsha uwoyela siba kanye njalo ku-10 km, kodwa abanikazi bezimoto abanolwazi bazosho ngesibindi - bashintshe njalo ku-000 - 5000 km, kuzoba ngcono kuphela! Akudingekile ukugcwalisa okwangempela; ungasebenzisa amafutha afanayo, kodwa wekhwalithi enhle. I-N7000B46 "idla" amafutha ane-viscosity ye-20W-5 ne-30W-5 kahle, futhi ivolumu edingekayo ngesikhathi sokushintshwa izoba amalitha angu-40 ncamashi.

Izinjini ze-BMW zithanda ukugcinwa njalo futhi i-N46B20 nayo iyafana, inamandla anele okushayela ngokuzethemba ezimeni zasemadolobheni, futhi ngophethiloli osezingeni eliphezulu namafutha angakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yesikhathi eside "endaweni ebomvu". Yiqiniso, akekho okhuluma ngemijaho emide, kodwa ukuhamba ngobudlova edolobheni noma emgwaqweni omkhulu akuyilimazi injini. Into esemqoka ukuqapha izinga lokushisa!

Shintsha, inkontileka kanye nokushuna

Ngokuvamile, abanikazi be-BMW, ​​befuna ukuthola amandla engeziwe futhi bonge ekunakekeleni noma ekulungiseni injini yamanje, basebenzisa inqubo efana nokushintsha injini kwenye. Enye yezinketho ezivamile zokushintshanisa injini yaseJapane yochungechunge lwe-2JZ (kunezinguquko eziningi zale njini). Isizathu esiyinhloko sokushintsha injini yomdabu ngeyaseJapane yilezi:

• amandla aphezulu;
• ukulungisa okungabizi futhi okukhiqizayo kwale njini;
• ukwethembeka okukhulu.

Akubona bonke abanikazi bezimoto banquma ukuthatha lesi sinyathelo njengokushintshana, njengoba izindleko zokushintsha injini nokuhlela kwayo okwalandela kungama-ruble angu-200 000. Inketho elula yokushintshanisa ukufaka iyunithi enamandla kakhulu (kanye nokushunwa kwayo okwalandela), ngokusekelwe ku-N46 block, okuyi-N46NB20 enamandla angu-170 hp. Umehluko phakathi kwale njini ne-N46B20 isembozo sekhanda lesilinda esihlukile, i-exhaust system kanye nesistimu ye-ECU. Lolu khetho lunengqondo kakhulu, ngoba ukuthenga nokufaka le moto ngeke kudinge inani elikhulu lezindleko. Ububi bokushintshwa okunjalo kufaka phakathi "izilonda" zangaphambili zezinjini ze-BMW. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho injini yamanje iphukile futhi idinga ukulungiswa okukhulu noma ukushintshwa kweyunithi ngenkontileka.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukulungiswa kuyadingeka, khona-ke kufanele ufune isevisi nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Ukushintsha injini ngenkontileka eyodwa kuqhathaniswa nokuthenga "ingulube esigxotsheni", ngoba kunengozi enkulu yokuthola injini eshisa ngokweqile noma iyunithi egqoke kakhulu ngenxa yenkinga ehambisana nezimpawu ze-valve stem.

Ngakho-ke, uma injini yakho ingashisi ngokweqile, futhi azikho izinkinga ngezimpawu ze-valve stem, khona-ke ungenza ngokuphepha ukulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini, kodwa kuphela esikhungweni sesevisi esithembekile esinochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe!

Uma sikhuluma ngezinjini zokulungisa ezisekelwe ku-block N46B20, lokhu akuyona into enhle kakhulu. Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwamandla (kusuka ku-100 hp) kuzodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nokulungiswa kwezingxenye ezisele zemoto. Ngokuvamile, amamodeli anamamotho ku-N46 block awavamile ukushunwa ngenxa yedizayini eyinkimbinkimbi nezindleko eziphakeme zamakhithi wokushuna nokulungisa kwawo. Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu lapha ukushintshanisa injini kwenye. Kodwa ukukhuphuka kancane kwamandla akulimazi lezi zinjini nganoma iyiphi indlela, njengoba inani elikhulu labanikazi bezimoto kanye nezibalo ezingenakuqhathaniswa ziyaqiniseka, ukuthuthukiswa okuyinhloko yizi:

• ukushintsha i-firmware (i-CHIP tuning) ibe enamandla kakhulu futhi elinganiselayo;
• ukufakwa kwe-exhaust eqondile ngaphandle kweziguquli ze-catalytic;
• ukufaka isihlungi esingamelana no-zero kanye/noma i-valve yomphimbo omkhulu wobubanzi.

Izimoto ezinezinjini ze-BMW N46B20

Inombolo enkulu yezimoto zakwa-BMW zifakwe lezi zinjini (kanye nokuguqulwa kwazo); njengomthetho, lawa mayunithi afakwe ezinguqulweni zebhajethi yezimoto:

• ukuguqulwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nge-129 hp (N46B20U1) kufakwe ku-BMW: E81 118i, E87 118i, E90 318i, E91 318i;
• Ukuguqulwa kwenjini engu-150 hp (N46B20O1) kufakwe ku-BMW: E81 120i, E82 120i, E87 118i, E88 118i, E85 Z4 2.0i, E87 120i, 320i E90/320i 91i/320i E92/93/320i E1 84 sDrive 18i , X3 2.0i E83 (kusukela ngo-2008 - xDrive20i);
• Ukuguqulwa kwe-ICE nge-156 hp (N46B20) kufakwe ku-BMW: 120i E87, 120i E88, 520i E60;
• ukuguqulwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ye-170 hp (N46NB20) yafakwa ku-BMW: 120i E81/E87, 320i E90/E91, 520i E61/E60.