BMW N42B20 injini

Izinjini ze-in-line zenye yezinkampani ezinkulu ezikhiqiza izimoto emhlabeni, i-BMW, ​​aziyona nje kuphela i-quintessence ye-innovation kanye nesibindi sobunjiniyela, kodwa futhi ziphethe umlando omude.

Usebenzisa isibonelo sezinjini ezisekelwe ku-N42B20 cylinder block, ungakwazi ukulandela ngokucophelela lokho onjiniyela baseBavaria ababenake lapho beklama izinjini.

Incazelo

Uma udlula nje emlandweni wezinjini ze-BMW, ​​singaphetha ngokuthi onjiniyela baseBavaria bahlonipha amasiko abo ngokucophelela, futhi izixazululo zabo ezintsha zisekelwe ekuphishekeleni ukuphelela. Uthi injini ekahle kuzo zonke izici ayikwazi ukuba khona? Hhayi kuphela ngezingqondo ezifuna ukwazi zonjiniyela baseJalimane, ngoba abazange bavumelane nalesi sitatimende, isikhathi ngasinye bephula imibono eqinile mayelana namandla aphansi ezinjini ezincane.

Nokho, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubuhlakani kwezobunjiniyela nobuchwepheshe akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside kangako, ngoba maphakathi nawo-90s - ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, inkathi yokuthengisa yanda kakhulu izimboni ezihlukahlukene, kanye nezimoto cishe kwasekuqaleni.

Zavela kanje izinjini zikawoyela “ocwebezelayo” ngamalitha, ama-cylinder blocks ahlulekayo kuphela ngenxa yokushisisa kancane kanye nobunye “ubuchwepheshe” obudabukisayo obunyanyeka kubanikazi bezimoto abaningi abanolwazi nabanakekeli benkonzo yezimoto.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu okugcina, lolu hlobo "lwamaqhinga" ezobuchwepheshe alukhathazeki kakhulu, uma kungenjalo ukusho okuphambene.

Masingakhulumi ngezinto ezidabukisayo, ake sicabangele kangcono ukulandelana kwezikhathi zokudala izinjini ze-BMW zomthamo ophakathi (ngamazinga emakethe), okungukuthi, amalitha angu-2.0. Kwakuyilo mqulu, ngokuhlanganyela nobuchwepheshe obukhona, ukuthi onjiniyela baseBavaria babecabanga ukuthi cishe bafanelekile ngokwemibandela yabo bonke (!) Izici ezidingekayo kuwo: amandla, i-torque, isisindo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, nokuphila kwesevisi. Yiqiniso, onjiniyela abazange bafike kulo mqulu ngaso leso sikhathi, kodwa konke kwaqala ngenjini edumile enenkomba ye-M10, iqala nayo yonke umlando omkhulu wamayunithi angama-cylinder amane we-BMW brand.

Kumelwe ngivume ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, i-BMW yenza, uma kungeyona injini ekahle, khona-ke enye yezinhle kakhulu emlandweni wenkampani. Kwakuyi-block ye-M10 eyayisebenza njengenkundla eyengeziwe yezixazululo eziningi zobunjiniyela, inkampani ekugcineni yaqala ukuyethula ezinyunithi zayo ezintsha. Kwakukhona inani elikhulu lokuhlukahluka kobuchwepheshe bezimoto ezisekelwe ku-M10 block, phakathi kwazo:

• ukuhlola ngevolumu yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi;
• ukuhlolwa ngekhanda lesilinda;
• izinhlelo ezahlukene zokuhlinzeka uphethiloli (i-carburetor engu-1, ama-carburetors angamawele, umjovo womshini).

Esikhathini esizayo, ibhulokhi ye-M10 yaqala ukuphothulwa, ubuchwepheshe obusha "baqhutshwa", ekugcineni, kwakhululwa izinjini eziningi, ezisekelwe ku-"legend" M10. Kwakukhona izixazululo eziningi zobuchwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi, kusukela kumasistimu okunikezwa kukaphethiloli kuya ekuhlolweni kwamakhanda angama-cylinder (amakhanda ama-cylinder amabili) kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo esijwayelekile senjini kanye nomshini uwonke. Uhlu lwezobuchwepheshe lwama-motor, olwalusekelwe ku-M10 kakhulu, sinikeza uhlu olufushane ngokuhambisana nokulandelana kwezenzakalo zokuthuthukiswa:

• i-M115/M116;
• M10B15/M10B16;
• i-M117/M118;
• i-M42, i-M43;
• M15 - M19, M22/23, M31;
• I-M64, M75 - izinguqulo zokuthekelisa zezinjini ezimakethe zase-US (M64) naseJapan (M75).

Esikhathini esizayo, ngokudalwa okuqhubekayo kwezinjini, onjiniyela baseBavaria bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi injini ye-M10 ecatshangelwayo futhi ethuthuke kakhulu izoba umlandeli wezinjini ezisekelwe ku-BC (cylinder block) M40. Ngakho kwavela izinjini ezalandela, phakathi kwazo okwakukhona i-M43 kanye ne-N42B20, eyayisithakazelisa ngokukhethekile.

Ulwazi olujwayelekile kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi BMW N42B20

Amayunithi wamandla asekelwe ku-N42B20 block adalwe ngokuvumelana nawo wonke "ama-canon" wokwakha injini yesimanje. Ama-motor e-prototype kule block athembisa inkazimulo ende yale yunithi, kodwa yonke into ayizange ihambe kahle njengoba bekulindelekile. Umanduleli we-N42 kwakuyinjini enenkomba ye-M43, "eye yabamba" bonke ubuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu obuhlolwe kuma-in-line fours:

• ukusebenza kwama-valve ngokusebenzisa ama-roller pushers;
• indlela yochungechunge lwesikhathi;
• ukwanda kokuqina kanye nesisindo esiphansi se-cylinder block;
• ukulungiswa kwe-anti-knock (ngokusebenza okuhlukene kwesilinda ngasinye);
• ama-pistons ashintshwe ngobuchwepheshe (ane-cutout esiketini).

Ukuhlukahluka kwezinjini ku-block N42, kwesokunxele - N42B18 (ivolumu - 1.8 l), ngakwesokudla - N42B20 (ivolumu - 2.0 l).

Khonamanjalo, omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinjini ze-N42B20 nokunye okuhlukile ku-N42 block kwakuwukubukeka kwekhanda le-cylinder elinama-shaft amabili lihlanganiswe nesikhathi se-valve esiguqukayo (ngenxa yesistimu ye-VANOS) kanye nohlelo lokuphakamisa ama-valve e-Valvetronic. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke lezi zinhlelo nobuchwepheshe kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi kukhishwe amandla engeziwe (uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo zangaphambilini) enjini, kodwa, ngeshwa, ayizange ingeze ukwethembeka.

Unyaka wokukhiqizwa kweyunithi yamandla	Kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2012*
uhlobo lwenjini	Uphethiloli
Isakhiwo seyunithi yamandla	Emgqeni, amasilinda amane
Ivolumu yezimoto	2.0 litre**
Isistimu yamandla	Umjovo
Ikhanda lesilinda	I-DOHC (ama-camshaft amabili), idrayivu yesikhathi - iketango
Amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi	143hp ku-6000 rpm***
I-Torque	200Nm ku-3750***
Impahla ye-cylinder block nekhanda le-cylinder	I-cylinder block - i-aluminium, i-cylinder head - i-aluminium
Uphethiloli odingekayo	I-AI-96, AI-95 (Euro 4-5 class)
Insiza yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi	Kusukela ku-200 kuya ku-000 (kuye ngokuthi ukusebenza nokugcinwa), insiza evamile yi-400 - 000 emotweni enakekelwa kahle.

Uma kunesidingo sokwazi ukumakwa okuqondile kwenjini kanye nenombolo yayo yokuhlonza, kufanele uthembele kumdwebo ongezansi.

Ngokuvamile, injini ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokusebenza okuvelele, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nezizukulwane zangaphambili zamamotho. Njengoba kubonakala, umehluko omkhulu ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokwenyuka kancane kwamandla. Ngeshwa kuphela, ungabona ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla kuphela ngesivinini esiphezulu, futhi ngisho nokuhlanganiswa nokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo, ungakhohlwa ngamandla kanye nezinhlanga ezisheshayo.

Izilonda ezijwayelekile ICE BMW N42B20

Izinjini ezisekelwe ku-N42 block zaba cishe izinjini ezivuthayo ezithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe zangaleso sikhathi. Ngokungafani nabanduleli babo, amaBavaria anquma ukuhlanganisa umklamo ngokungeza ama-camshafts angu-2 ekhanda le-cylinder, futhi uhlelo lwe-Double-VANOS nalo lwengezwe kubo. Eqinisweni, konke ukwenziwa kwaletha inkazimulo kulawa ma-motor, nakuba kungenjalo lelo ababephupha ngalo abaklami balezi zinjini.

Ama-camshafts amabili mahle, yebo, kodwa isethi enkulu yezixazululo zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-Double-VANOS, iba yisikhubekiso. Konke lokhu kunomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyancipha, kodwa ingabe kukhona umqondo kulokhu? Ikakhulukazi esimweni lapho izimoto ziqhutshwa emazweni aseRussian Federation kanye ne-CIS, lapho izinga likaphethiloli namafutha lishiya okuningi okufanele lifiswe. Kuyamcacela umfundi osheshayo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nezinto zokugcoba ezisezingeni eliphansi kunomphumela omubi kakhulu kuma-motor node. Ukuthi umnotho kaphethiloli ocatshangelwayo ukufanele yini ukulungiswa okumba eqolo kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi - wonke umuntu makaziphendulele.

Thina, ngokusekelwe kwedatha yezibalo, sizoqaphela ama-nuances athile mayelana nokugcinwa kwalezi zinjini, kodwa ake sithathe ngokuhlelekile, ngoba ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokulungisa, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini evame ukuphuka kulezi zinjini. Futhi lapha yonke into isivele iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba inkinga enkulu yalezi zinjini iwukuba ushise futhi uqine uwoyela coagulation.

Onjiniyela be-BMW babeka ibha ephezulu yokulawula izinga lokushisa kwenjini - ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-110, ngenxa yalokho - ukushisa amafutha ku-crankcase kuya kuma-degrees angu-120-130, futhi uma futhi ucabangela umthamo omncane wokugcwalisa, khona-ke konke kuvela kakhulu. okudabukisayo.

Ama-cokes amafutha ashisayo futhi avale iziteshi zikawoyela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Valvetronic system drive iqala "ukuluma", futhi ama-actuator wesistimu ye-Double-VANOS ahluleka.

Ngenxa yalokho, injini ithola i-coking ebalulekile, iyayeka ukuphefumula, futhi inikezwe ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obungenhla busetshenziswa ku-aluminium cylinder block kanye nekhanda le-cylinder, bhala uchithe. Abanikazi abaningi be-BMW bazi mathupha mayelana namakhanda esilinda "antantayo" ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, ingabe "ubuchwepheshe" obunjalo buyadingeka? Kungenzeka ukuthi ezimweni zaseYurophu, namazinga okushisa aphansi, ukuntuleka kwesiminyaminya kanye nophethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu, lobu buchwepheshe buzozibonakalisa ngokuphelele. Kodwa ezimweni ezinzima zaseRussia - akunjalo.

Uma ungathinti inkinga engathi sína futhi engapheli ye-N42B20 / N42B18 motors ehambisana nokushisa ngokweqile, kodwa ithinta zonke izingxenye zenjini, khona-ke awekho amaphuzu abuthakathaka lapha, ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe:

• i-timing chain tensioner (insiza ~ 90 - 000 km);
• ukwehluleka njalo kwamakhoyili ohlobo lwe-BREMI (okuxazululwa ngokufaka i-EPA esikhundleni samakhoyili);
• Uwoyela "we-zhor" ngenxa yokuphuka kwezigxivizo ze-valve stem (ukushintsha uwoyela njalo kuyadingeka futhi ukushisisa ngokweqile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi akwamukelekile).

Shintsha kanye nokugcinwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi i-BMW N42B20

I-N42B20 motor ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi iyagcinwa futhi kulula ukuyigcina, noma kunjalo, ngokusebenza kahle, ngokushintsha kwamafutha njalo (kanye njalo ku-4000 km) nokungabikho kokushisa, kungahlala isikhathi eside. Futhi ngisho noma "i-capital" iyadingeka ngomzuzwana othile, kukude neqiniso lokuthi injini yamanje kuzodingeka ilahlwe ngaphandle.

Uma kungabikho ukushisa ngokweqile kanye namakhanda e-cylinder "abukhoma", ukuguqulwa ngeke kube yizinkanyezi, kodwa nakanjani kuzodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali. Isimo futhi senziwa lula ngenani elikhulu lezingxenye eziyisipele ezingezona ezangempela ngentengo ephansi, ezinganweba impilo yemoto isikhathi esithile (kuye ngokuthi izinga lezingxenye ezisele).

Ngokuvamile, abanikazi be-BMW abanezinjini ze-N42B20 / N42B18 baphendukela kusixazululo esinjengokushintshanisa injini kwenye. Ukungazimiseli ukubekezelela ukungabi nalutho kwezinjini ku-N42 block kuvame ukuphoqa abanikazi abaningi ukuthi bashintshe abane babo "abakhubazekile" ngokuthile okunamandla.

Imvamisa, enye yezinjini eziyinhloko zokushintshanisa esikhundleni se-N42B20 yilezi zinjini zokuvutha zangaphakathi ezilandelayo (in-line six-cylinder):

• BMW M54B30;
• IToyota 2JZ-GTE.

Amamotho angenhla awanazo izinkinga ezinkulu njenge-N42B20, anamandla amaningi nokuthembeka, futhi ashunwa kalula.

Izimoto ezinezinjini ze-BMW N42B20

Izinjini ezisekelwe ku-N42 cylinder block zazifakwe umugqa owodwa kuphela we-BMW - lena yi-3-series (E-46 body). Ngokuqondile, lawa amamodeli alandelayo:

• BMW 316Ti E46/5;
• I-BMW 316i E46 (izinhlobo ze-saloon kanye nemizimba yokuvakasha);
• BMW E46 318i;
• BMW E46 318Ci;
• BMW 318ti E46/5.