BMW M54B22 injini
Okuqukethwe
Injini ye-BMW M54B22 iyingxenye yochungechunge lwe-M54. Yakhiwe yi-Munich Plant. Ukuthengiswa kwemodeli yokuqala yemoto eneyunithi yamandla kwaqala ngo-2001 futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-2006. I-engine block iyi-aluminium, njengekhanda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhono yenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe.
Injini ye-M54 inezilinganiso zokulungisa ezifanele. Ama-piston ayisithupha ashayela i-crankshaft yenjini kaphethiloli. Ukusetshenziswa kochungechunge lwesikhathi kukhuphule ukuthembeka kweyunithi yamandla. Ama-camshaft, okukhona amabili enjini, atholakala phezulu. Uhlelo lwe-Double vanOS lusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwevalvu.
Isistimu ye-Double VANOS isiza ama-camshafts ukuthi ajikeleze ngokuhlobene nama-sprockets, ngokucabangela imvelo yeyunithi yamandla. Ukusebenzisa ipulasitiki yobude obuguquguqukayo exhaust manifold kube yisinqumo esifanele. Ngenxa yobukhona bayo, amasilinda agcwele umoya ophezulu, okwandisa amandla. Uma kuqhathaniswa injini eyandulela M52, manifold has ubude esifushane, kodwa ububanzi elikhudlwana.
Abashayeli akudingeki bakhathazeke ngokulungisa imvume ye-valve, njengoba injini ifakwe izinto zokuphakamisa amanzi. Uhlelo lokusabalalisa igesi luhlinzeka ngokusebenza ngezigaba ezihlukene zokuvula nokuvala zama-valve okungenisa nawokukhipha.
Amamodeli ahlukahlukene afakwe izinjini ezine-displacement ye-2.2, 2,5 no-3 amalitha. Ukuhlinzeka ngamavolumu ahlukene okusebenza, abaklami bashintsha ububanzi nokushaywa kwamapiston. Izigaba ezihlukene zokuvula nezokuvala ziwumphumela wohlelo lokusabalalisa igesi.
Технические характеристики
| Isistimu yamandla | umjovo |
| Thayipha | emugqeni |
| Inani lamasilinda | 6 |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 4 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 72 |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 80 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 10.8 |
| Ivolumu, cc | 2171 |
| Amandla, hp / rpm | 170/6100 |
| I-Torque, Nm / rpm | 210/3500 |
| I-Fuel | 95 |
| Amazinga ezemvelo | I-Euro 3-4 |
| Isisindo senjini, kg | ~ 130 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, l/100 km (ku-E60 520i) | |
| - idolobha | 13.0 |
| - ithrekhi | 6.8 |
| - Kuyahlekisa. | 9.0 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela, igr. / 1000 km | ukuze 1000 |
| Amafutha enjini | I-5W-30 |
| I-5W-40 | |
| Ungakanani uwoyela enjinini, l | 6.5 |
| Ushintsho lwamafutha lwenziwa, km | 10000 |
| Ukushisa kokusebenza kwenjini, ama-deg. | ~ 95 |
| Insiza yenjini, amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane | |
| - ngokusho kwesitshalo | - |
| - ngokwenza | ~ 300 |
| Ukushuna, h.p. | |
| - okungenzeka | 250 + |
| - ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa insiza | ng |
Ukuthembeka, ubuthakathaka, ukugcina
Injini ihlukaniswa ngokwethembeka kwayo. Isebenza ngokushelelayo futhi ngaphandle komsindo. I-throttle ilawulwa nge-elekthronikhi. Ngisho nokucindezela okubukhali ku-accelerator pedal, inaliti ye-tachometer iphakama ngokushesha.
Injini yezimoto ze-BMW 5 Series inelungiselelo longitudinal elihlobene ne-eksisi. Umkhiqizi ukwazile ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenjini, kanye nokunciphisa inani lezintambo ngokusebenzisa amakhoyili okuthungela ahlukene ekhandlela ngalinye leplatinamu. Isikhathi siqhutshwa yiketanga, elinomthelela omuhle ekuthembekeni kweyunithi yamandla. Kukhona ama-counterweights angu-12 ku-crankshaft. Ukusekelwa kwenziwa ngama-bearings ayinhloko - ama-7 ama-pcs.
Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka:
- Ukupheka okusheshayo kwamasongo e-piston;
- Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuze kufike ku-1 litre nge-100 km, ngemuva kokugijima kwezinkulungwane ezingama-200;
- Ukuwa kwephinikhodi yensimbi kusuka ku-valve ejikelezayo;
- Ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini;
- Ukuhluleka kwenzwa ye-Camshaft.
Ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kwamasilinda ngama-pistons kutholakala ngokusebenzisa umklamo ongasindi kanye nesiketi esifushane sezinto zokugcina zokusebenza. I-accelerator kawoyela isetshenziswa njengendawo yephampu kanye nesilawuli sokucindezela. Imoto inesisindo esingu-170 kg.
Abanikazi abaningi baqaphela injini njengeyimpumelelo futhi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, iyunithi amandla izohlala 5-10 ngaphezulu uma usebenzisa uphethiloli namafutha aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi yesondlo ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthintana nesikhungo sesevisi ngesikhathi noma uzilungise.
Izinkinga nge-hydraulic compensator
Abanye abanikazi bezimoto ezine-BMW M54B22 izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi babhekene nokubonakala kokungqongqoza okuphuma ngaphansi kwe-hood. Kulula ukuyiphambanisa nomsindo wama-hydraulic lifters. Eqinisweni, kubonakala njengomphumela wephini lensimbi eliwa ku-valve ejikelezayo. Iphutha lilungiswa kalula. Ukuze uqede umsindo, udinga ukubuyisela iphinikhodi.
Endabeni yokusebenza okunganele kwe-compensators ye-hydraulic, ukusebenza kahle kwamasilinda kuncipha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvalwa kwe-valve ngokwanele lapho injini ibanda. Njengomphumela wokulungisa ukusebenza okungasebenzi kahle kwe-cylinder ngeyunithi yokulawula, ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli endaweni yayo yokusebenza kuphazamiseka. Lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni okungazinzile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Kulungiswe ngokushintsha iziphakamisi ezingama-hydraulic.
Amafutha avuzayo kanye ne-antifreeze
Enye inkinga evamile yenjini ukwehluleka kwe-valve ehlukile kanye nesistimu yokukhipha umoya. Ngenxa yalokhu kungasebenzi, injini iqala ukusebenzisa amafutha amaningi.
Ebusika, inkinga iba nkulu nakakhulu, njengoba kukhona ukwanda kokucindezela kwegesi ye-crankcase futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhama ukuphuma kwezimpawu nokuvuza kwamafutha. Okokuqala, i-gasket ye-valve ye-cylinder head valve ikhanywa ngaphandle.
Umoya, ongena ngesixhumi phakathi kwe-multifold intake kanye nekhanda, uphazamisa ukusebenza kwenjini. Kulokhu, umphumela omuhle kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni se-gasket, futhi okubi kakhulu, ukufaka esikhundleni se-manifold eqhekekile.
Kungase kube khona ukuvuza ku-thermostat. Yenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iqala ukulahlekelwa ukuma kwayo futhi ivuze i-antifreeze. Abashayeli bavame ukubhekana nokubukeka kwemifantu esembozweni sepulasitiki semoto.
Ukusebenza okungazinzile kweyunithi yamandla kungase kube ngenxa yokuhluleka kwenzwa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-camshaft. Inkinga ayivamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abanikazi be-BMW baphendukela eziteshini zesevisi ezinezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa.
Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini
Uma imoto ishisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, khona-ke ikhanda le-aluminium alikwazi ukugwenywa. Uma kungekho imifantu, ukugaya kungakhishwa. Umsebenzi uzobuyisela indiza. Ukushisa ngokweqile kuholela ekukhumulweni kwentambo kubhlokhi lapho kunamathiselwe khona ikhanda lesilinda. Ukuze ubuyisele, kuyadingeka ukwenza intambo nge-diameter enkulu.
Ukushisa ngokweqile kungase kube ngenxa ye-impeller yepompo ephukile. Ngemva kokukhetha ukukhetha i-impeller yensimbi, abashayeli bavikela imoto ekushiseni okungenzeka uma umlingani wepulasitiki ephuka.
Kubonakala sengathi injini inenkinga futhi ijwayele ukuphuka, kodwa akunjalo. Izinkinga ezingenzeka kunoma iyiphi imoto zibalwe ngenhla. Futhi akulona iqiniso ukuthi wonke umnikazi uzoba nazo. Isikhathi sikhombisile ukuthi iM54 iyinjini ethembekile futhi ingakhandwa.
Uhlu lwezimoto lapho le njini ifakwe khona
Injini ye-M54B22 yafakwa ezimotweni:
2001-2006 BMW 320i/320Ci (E46 body)
2001-2003 BMW 520i (E39 body)
2001-2002 BMWZ3 2.2i (E36 body)
2003-2005 BMW Z4 2.2i (E85 body)
2003-2005 BMW 520i (E60/E61 umzimba)
Ukuhlwaya
Injini encane ye-M54, enevolumu engu-2,2 amalitha, ingathuthukiswa ngokwandisa ivolumu yokusebenza. Ukuze uqaphele umbono, udinga ukuthenga crankshaft entsha nezinduku zokuxhuma kusukela injini M54B30. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-pistons amadala agcinwa, i-cylinder head gasket kanye neyunithi yokulawula evela ku-M54B25 nayo iyashintshwa. Ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, amandla eyunithi yamandla azokhuphuka ngo-20 hp.
250 hp umkhawulo kungenziwa kunyathelwe kusetshenziswa i-ESS compressor kits. Kodwa intengo yokuhlela enjalo izoba phezulu kangangokuthi kuyoba nenzuzo enkulu ukuthenga injini entsha ye-M54B30 noma imoto. Njengenjini engu-M50B25, ingathuthukiswa ukuze ikwazi ukugudluka ngo-2,6 litres. Ukuze ufeze lo msebenzi, kuzodingeka uthenge i-crankshaft nama-injector angu-M52B28 kanye nokuphindaphindwa kwe-M50B25. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto izoba namandla afinyelela ku-200 hp.
