ukushona kwelanga kwezigidi eziyishumi nambili
Njengoba sithatha izithombe ngokungakhathali, sigcina izinkulungwane zazo, futhi sixhumana nazo kumafoni namakhompyutha ethu, ochwepheshe abaningi sebeqala ukuveza imiphumela emangazayo nengasiyo njalo ewusizo yento ethi "ukugcwala kwesithombe".
"Namuhla, izithombe ziyadalwa, ziyahlelwa, zabiwe futhi kwabelwane ngazo ngezinga elingakaze libonwe emlandweni"isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu siyabhala Isandla sikaMartin encwadini yakhe ethi Omnipresent Photography. Ukuchichima kwesithombe kwenzeka uma kunokuningi okubonakalayo kangangokuthi cishe kungenzeki ukukhumbula isithombe esisodwa. Lokhu kuholela ekukhathaleni okuvela ezinqubweni ezingapheli zokubuka, ukudala nokushicilela ukusakazwa kwezithombe. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhale yonke into oyenzayo, njengawo wonke umuntu, ngochungechunge lwezithombe ezingenavelu noma ikhwalithi, kodwa ngokugcizelela ubuningi (1). Abasebenzisi abaningi baqoqa izinkulungwane zezithombe ngamafoni abo namakhamera edijithali. Kakade ngokwemibiko evela ku-2015, umsebenzisi ojwayelekile we-smartphone wayenezithombe ezingama-630 ezigcinwe kudivayisi yakhe. Baningi abengeziwe emaqenjini amancane.
Umuzwa odla yonke into yokweqisa nokusutha, ukuthutheleka kwezithombe zibe ngokoqobo yesimanje, umculi, njengokungathi, ufuna ukudlulisa. Penelope Umbricoehlanganisa imisebenzi yakhe ochungechungeni oluthi "Portraits at Sunset" ngo-2013 (2) kudalwe ezithombeni ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-12 zokushona kwelanga ezithunyelwe ku-Flickr.
2. Izithombe ze-Sunset zomculi u-Penelope Umbrico
Encwadini yakhe, uMartin Hand osekukhulunywe ngaye ubhala ngokwesaba abafundi bakhe abakuthola lapho becabanga ukususa izithombe ezilondoloziwe ngephutha, mayelana nokukhungatheka okuhlobene nenhlangano yabo noma ukungabi nesikhathi sokuzifunda ngokucophelela. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo UMarianne Harry uphikisa ngokuthi ukuchichima ngokweqile kwezithombe zedijithali abantu abachayeka kukho njengamanje kungase kube kubi ngenkumbulongoba ukusakazwa kwezithombe akukhuthazi inkumbulo noma kukhuthaze ukuqonda. Izithombe azihlangene nezindaba ezingakhunjulwa. Esinye isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, Linda Henkel, waphawula ukuthi abafundi abavakashela umnyuziyamu wobuciko namakhamera nezithombe ezibukiswayo bazikhumbula kancane kunalabo abamane babukele izinto zasemnyuziyamu.
Njengoba uprofesa wezifundo zabezindaba echaza Jose Van Dyke Ezikhumbuzweni Ezilamulisiwe Enkathini Yedijithali, nakuba sisengakwazi ukusebenzisa umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuthatha izithombe njengethuluzi lenkumbulo ukuze sibhale umlando womuntu, sibona ushintsho olubalulekile, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwesizukulwane esisha, maqondana nokulusebenzisa njengethuluzi lokusebenzelana nokuhlanganyela. ukufinyelela nobudlelwano. .
Umculi UChris Wiley emuva ngo-2011, wabhala isihloko esithi "Ukujula Kokugxila" kumagazini i-Frieze ememezela ukuthi inkathi yokuchichima kwezithombe futhi iyisikhathi sokuncipha kwezobuciko bokuthatha izithombe. Phakathi kwezithombe eziyizigidi ezingama-300 nezingu-400 zifakwa nsuku zonke ku-Facebook nezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 ku-Instagram. Isibalo sezithombe ezitholakala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kuphela singamakhulu ezigidigidi, uma kungezona izigidigidi. Kodwa-ke, akekho onomuzwa wokuthi lezi zinombolo ezinkulu ziphenduka ikhwalithi, ukuthi isithombe sesibe ngcono kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Siyini iphuzu lalezi zikhalo? Ngokufika kwamakhamera ahloniphekile kuma-smartphones, ukuthwebula izithombe sekuyinto ehlukile kunangaphambili, kusiza okunye. Njengamanje ikhombisa, ithwebula futhi ikhangisa izimpilo zethu eziku-inthanethi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, sabhekana nenguquko ekuthwebuleni izithombe, okwakucishe kufane. Kuvele I-Polaroid. Kuze kube ngu-1964, amakhamera ayizigidi ezi-5 alolu hlobo akhiqizwa. Ukusabalala kwezinsingo ze-Polaroid igagasi lokuqala lentando yeningi lokuthatha izithombe. Kwabe sekufika amagagasi amasha. Okokuqala - amakhamera alula futhi ashibhile, ngisho nefilimu yendabuko (3). Kamuva . Futhi-ke wonke umuntu washanela ama-smartphones. Kodwa-ke, ingabe sonakalisa isithombe esinomsindo, sochwepheshe kanye nobuciko? Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu, ngokuphambene nalokho, kugcizelela ukubaluleka nokubaluleka kwayo.
umhlaba wezindaba
Sizothola ithuba lokuthola ukuthi lolu phiko luzoholela kuphi. Okwamanje, Ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye neziqalo ezijabulisayo zivela ekuqondeni okusha kwezithombe kanye neqhaza lezithombe ngezigidigidi zabantu abathatha izithombe futhi baxhumane ngezithombe. Bangabhala incwadi entsha emlandweni wokuthatha izithombe. Ake sisho izinto ezintsha ezimbalwa ezingashiya uphawu kuzo.
Isibonelo ukwakhiwa kokukhanya eSan Francisco, okwadala okungavamile Ukukhanya Kwedivayisi L16, usebenzisa amalensi afinyelela kwayishumi nesithupha (4) ukudala isithombe esisodwa. Imojula ngayinye inobude bokugxila obulinganayo (5x35mm, 5x70mm kanye no-6x150mm). Amakhamera enzelwe ukubonisa izithombe ezinokulungiswa okufika kuma-megapixel angu-52. Ubuchwepheshe be-prototype buhlanganise ama-apertures angaphezu kweshumi futhi busebenzise i-optical optics eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ibonise ukukhanya okuvela ezibukweni futhi ikuthumele ngamalensi amaningi kuzinzwa zokubona. Ngenxa yokucubungula ikhompuyutha, izithombe eziningi zihlanganiswa zibe isithombe esisodwa esinokucaca okuphezulu. Inkampani ithuthukise isoftware yokuhumusha izimo zokukhanyisa kanye namabanga ezinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesithombe iyonke. Idizayini ye-multifocal, kanye nezibuko ezivumela amalensi angu-70mm no-150mm, ihlinzeka ngokusondeza okukhanyayo kwezithombe namavidiyo.
Ukukhanya kwe-L16 kwaphenduka uhlobo lwe-prototype - idivayisi ingathengwa ngokujwayelekile, kodwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwalo nyaka. Ekugcineni, inkampani ihlela ukudala imishini yeselula enekhono lokuthatha izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusondeza kwangempela kwe-optical.
Ama-smartphone anenani elikhulu lamalensi ezithombe nawo aya ngokuya avela. Ikhamera yesithathu yangemuva kwaxoxwa ngayo kabanzi ngonyaka odlule I-OnePlus 5Tephethe ikhamera enokulungiswa okuphakeme yokunciphisa umsindo okungcono, kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwe-Huawei kokwengeza ikhamera ye-monochrome ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugqama nokunciphisa umsindo. Endabeni yamakhamera amathathu, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa kokubili i-lens ye-angle ebanzi kanye ne-telephoto lens yezithombe, kanye nenzwa ye-monochrome eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi.
AbakwaNokia babuyele enkazimulweni kule ntwasahlobo ngokwethulwa kocingo lokuqala emhlabeni olunamakhamera amahlanu. Imodeli entsha, I-PureView (5), ifakwe amakhamera amabili anombala nezinzwa ezintathu ze-monochrome. Zonke zixhunywe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-optical kusuka ku-Zeiss. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, isethi yamakhamera - ngalinye elinesinqumo sama-megapixel angu-12 - linikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe ekujuleni kwenkambu yesithombe futhi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathwebule imininingwane engatholakali ngekhamera evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezincazelo ezishicilelwe, i-PureView 9 iyakwazi ukuthwebula ukukhanya okuphindwe kashumi kunamanye amadivaysi futhi ingakhiqiza izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphelele okungafika kuma-megapixel angu-240. Imodeli yakwaNokia bekungenye yezingcingo ezinhlanu ezethulwa inkampani edumile ngaphambi kwe-MWC e-Barcelona.
Nakuba ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungena ngokushesha ku-software yokuthwebula izithombe, kusamele bugxumele kumakhamera endabuko.
Kunezici ezimbalwa zokuthatha izithombe ongazithuthukisa, njengokubonwa kwesigcawu. Ngezixazululo zombono womshini ophumelelayo, ama-algorithms e-AI angakwazi futhi ukubona izinto zangempela futhi athuthukise ukuchayeka kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangasebenzisa omaka besithombe kumethadatha ngesikhathi sokuthwebula, okuthatha omunye umsebenzi kumsebenzisi wekhamera. Ukuncishiswa komsindo kanye nenkungu esemkhathini kungenye indawo ethembisayo yamakhamera we-AI.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile okwengeziwe kobuchwepheshe nakho kusemkhathizwe, njenge ukusetshenziswa kwama-LED kumalambu we-flash. Babezoqeda ukubambezeleka phakathi kokukhanyisa ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lamandla. Bazophinde banikeze ukulungiswa kwemibala yokukhanya kanye "nezinga lokushisa" lakho ukuze kube lula ukukulungisa ekukhanyeni kwe-ambient. Le ndlela isathuthukiswa, kodwa kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi inkampani enqoba ubunzima, ngokwesibonelo, ngokukhanya okufanele, ingaguqula imakethe.
Ukutholakala okubanzi kwezindlela ezintsha kube nomthelela ekudumeni kwalokho okungase kubizwe ngokuthi "imfashini". Noma HDI-R (High Dynamic Range) umqondo okhulisa ububanzi phakathi kwamathoni amnyama kakhulu nalula kakhulu. Noma kuchitheka Ukudubula kwe-panoramic 360 degrees. Inani lezithombe namavidiyo nalo liyakhula mpo Oraz izithombe ze-drone. Lokhu kuhlobene eduze nokwanda kwamadivayisi ayengaklanyelwe ukubonwa, okungenani hhayi kwasekuqaleni.
Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sezithombe zesikhathi sethu futhi, ngomqondo othile, uphawu lwaso. Lona umhlaba we-photostream ngamafuphi - kuningi, ngokombono wezithombe ngokuvamile akukuhle neze, kodwa kukhona. isici sokuxhumana nabanye ku-inthanethi futhi abantu abakwazi ukuyeka ukukwenza.
