Ingabe sihlakaniphe ngokwanele ukuba siqonde indawo yonke?

Umkhathi obonakalayo ngezinye izikhathi ungaphakelwa epuletini, njengoba umculi uPablo Carlos Budassi esanda kwenza lapho ehlanganisa amabalazwe e-Princeton University kanye ne-NASA enze idiski yombala owodwa. Lena imodeli ye-geocentric - Umhlaba umaphakathi nepuleti, kanti i-Big Bang plasma isemaphethelweni.

Ukubona ngeso lengqondo kuhle njenganoma yimuphi omunye, futhi kungcono nakakhulu kunabanye, ngoba kuseduze nombono womuntu. Kunemibono eminingi mayelana nesakhiwo, amandla kanye nesiphetho sendawo yonke, kanye ne-paradigm ye-cosmological eyamukelwe amashumi eminyaka ibonakala ibhidlika kancane muva nje. Isibonelo, amazwi aya ngokuya ezwakala ephika ithiyori ye-Big Bang.

Umkhathi uyingadi yezinto ezingavamile, ezipendwe eminyakeni edlule "ku-mainstream" ye-physics kanye ne-cosmology, egcwele izenzakalo eziyinqaba njengokuthi ama-quasars amakhulu indizela kude nathi ngesivinini esikhulu, indaba emnyamaokungekho muntu oye wathola futhi engabonisi izimpawu zokusheshisa, kodwa "kudingekile" ukuchaza ukujikeleza okushesha kakhulu komthala, futhi, ekugcineni, Big Bangokusho ukuthi yonke i-physics ibhekene nokuzabalaza nokungaqondakali, okungenani okwamanje, okukhethekile.

bezingekho iziqhumane

Umsuka Wokuqhuma Okukhulu kulandela ngokuqondile nangokungenakugwenywa kusukela kuzibalo zethiyori evamile yokuhlobana. Kodwa-ke, abanye ososayensi babona lokhu njengento eyinkinga, ngoba izibalo zingachaza kuphela okwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva ... - kodwa akazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngaleso sikhathi esingavamile, ngaphambi kweziqhumane ezinkulu (2).

Ososayensi abaningi bayasibalekela lesi sici. Uma kuphela ngoba, njengoba esanda kubeka Ali Ahmed Farah kusukela eNyuvesi yaseBen eGibhithe, "imithetho ye-physics iyeka ukusebenza lapho." Farag nozakwenu Saurya Dasem evela eNyuvesi yaseLethbridge eCanada, eyethulwa esihlokweni esanyatheliswa ngo-2015 ku-Physics Letters B, imodeli lapho indawo yonke ingenaso isiqalo nesiphetho, ngakho-ke ingenabo ubunye.

Zombili izazi zefiziksi zakhuthazwa umsebenzi wazo. UDavid Bohm kusukela ngawo-50s. Ucabangele ithuba lokushintsha imigqa ye-geodesic eyaziwa kusukela kunkolelo-mbono evamile yokuhlobana (imigqa emifushane kakhulu exhuma amaphuzu amabili) ngama-quantum trajectories. Ephepheni labo, uFarag noDas basebenzisa le mikhondo ye-Bohm ku-equation eyasungulwa ngo-1950 ngusosayensi wesayensi yemvelo. Amala Kumara Raychaudhurye kusuka eCalcutta University. URaychaudhuri naye wayenguthisha kaDas lapho eneminyaka engu-90. Besebenzisa isibalo sikaRaychaudhuri, u-Ali noDas bathola ukulungiswa kwe-quantum. Izibalo zikaFriedmanyona, yona, echaza ukuvela kwendawo yonke (kuhlanganise ne-Big Bang) kumongo wokuhlobana okuvamile. Nakuba le modeli ingeyona ithiyori yeqiniso ye-quantum gravity, ihlanganisa izici zakho zombili ithiyori ye-quantum kanye nokuhlobana okujwayelekile. UFarag no-Das nabo balindele ukuthi imiphumela yabo ibambe iyiqiniso ngisho nalapho ithiyori ephelele ye-quantum gravity ekugcineni yakhiwe.

Ithiyori ye-Farag-Das ayibikezeli i-Big Bang noma ukuwa okukhulu buyela ebubunyeni. Ama-quantum trajectories asetshenziswa uFarag kanye noDas awalokothi axhume futhi ngenxa yalokho awalokothi akhe iphuzu elilodwa. Ngokombono we-cosmological, ososayensi bayachaza, ukulungiswa kwe-quantum kungabhekwa njengento ehlala njalo, futhi asikho isidingo sokwethula amandla amnyama. Ukungaguquguquki kwendawo yonke kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi isixazululo sezibalo zika-Einstein singaba izwe elinobukhulu obulinganiselwe nobudala obungapheli.

Lena akuyona ukuphela kwenkolelo-mbono ezikhathini zamuva nje ebukela phansi umqondo we-Big Bang. Isibonelo, kunemibono yokuthi lapho kuvela isikhathi nendawo, kwavela futhi indawo yonke yesibililapho isikhathi sibuyela emuva. Lo mbono wethulwa yiqembu lamazwe ngamazwe lezazi zefiziksi, ezihlanganisa: Tim Kozlowski kusuka eNyuvesi yaseNew Brunswick, Izimakethe ze-Flavio Ipherimitha ye-Institute of Theoretical Physics kanye UJulian Barbour. Imikhathi emibili eyakhiwe ngesikhathi seBig Bang, kulo mbono, kufanele ibe yizithombe ezibukwayo (3), ngakho banemithetho ehlukene ye-physics nomuzwa ohlukile wokugeleza kwesikhathi. Mhlawumbe bangene phakathi. Ukuthi isikhathi sigeleza siye phambili noma emuva sinquma umehluko phakathi kwe-entropy ephezulu nephansi.

Ngokulandelayo, umbhali wesinye isiphakamiso esisha kumodeli yakho konke, I-Wun-Ji Shu evela ku-National Taiwan University, ichaza isikhathi nendawo hhayi njengezinto ezihlukene, kodwa njengezinto ezihlobene eduze ezingashintsha zibe enye kwenye. Ijubane lokukhanya noma amandla adonsela phansi aguquguquki kulo modeli, kodwa kuyizici ekuguquleni isikhathi nesisindo kube usayizi nendawo njengoba indawo yonke ikhula. Ithiyori ye-Shu, njengeminye imibono eminingi emhlabeni wezemfundo, ingabhekwa njengephupho, kodwa imodeli yendawo yonke ekhulayo enamandla angu-68% amnyama abangela ukwanda nayo iyinkinga. Abanye baphawula ukuthi ngosizo lwalo mbono, ososayensi "bathathe indawo ngaphansi kokhaphethi" umthetho wemvelo wokongiwa kwamandla. Ithiyori yaseTaiwan ayiphuli izimiso zokongiwa kwamandla, kodwa nayo inenkinga ngemisebe yangemuva ye-microwave, ebhekwa njengensalela ye-Big Bang. Okuthile kokuthile.

Awukwazi ukubona ubumnyama nakho konke

Abaqokiwe abahloniphekile indaba emnyama Okuningi. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezisebenzisana ngokunamandla, izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezisebenzisana kakhulu, ama-neutrinos oyinyumba, ama-neutrino, ama-axion - lezi ezinye zezixazululo zemfihlakalo yento "engabonakali" eMhlabeni wonke ehlongozwe ososayensi kuze kube manje.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, amakhandidethi adume kakhulu abelokhu eqanjiwe, esindayo (isisindo esiphindwe kashumi kuneproton), exhumana ngokubuthakathaka. izinhlayiya ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-WIMPs. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi zazisebenza esigabeni sokuqala sokuba khona kwe-Universe, kodwa njengoba ipholile futhi izinhlayiya zihlakazeka, ukusebenzisana kwazo kwanyamalala. Izibalo zibonise ukuthi isamba sesisindo sama-WIMP bekufanele siphindwe kahlanu kunento evamile, okuyinani elilingana ncamashi nelokulinganiswa okumnyama.

Nokho, akukho mikhondo ye-WIMP etholakele. Ngakho manje sekudume kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokusesha i-neutrinos oyinyumba, izinhlayiya zodaba ezimnyama ezicatshangelwayo ezinoziro kagesi kanye nesisindo esincane kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi i-neutrinos oyinyumba ibhekwa njengesizukulwane sesine se-neutrinos (kanye ne-electron, i-muon ne-tau neutrinos). Isici sawo ukuthi sisebenzisana nendaba kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi. Kuchazwa ngophawu ν_s.

I-Neutrino oscillations ingenza i-muon neutrinos inyumba, okunganciphisa inani layo kumtshina. Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba i-neutrino beam seyedlule endaweni yezinto eziminyana kakhulu njengengqikithi Yomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, umtshina we-IceCube e-South Pole wasetshenziselwa ukubuka ama-neutrinos avela eNyakatho Nenkabazwe ebangeni lamandla ukusuka ku-320 GeV ukuya ku-20 TeV, lapho kwakulindeleke khona isignali enamandla ebukhoneni be-neutrinos oyinyumba. Ngeshwa, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yezenzakalo ezibukiwe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhipha ukuba khona kwe-neutrinos oyinyumba endaweni efinyelelekayo yesikhala sepharamitha, okuthiwa. 99% izinga lokuzethemba.

NgoJulayi 2016, ngemva kwezinyanga ezingamashumi amabili zokuhlola ngomtshina weLarge Underground Xenon (LUX), ososayensi akukho ababengakusho ngaphandle kokuthi... Ngokufanayo, ososayensi abavela e-International Space Station laboratory kanye nezazi ze-physics ezivela ku-CERN, ababala ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezimnyama engxenyeni yesibili ye-Large Hadron Collider, abasho lutho ngendaba emnyama.

Ngakho kudingeka sibheke ngokuqhubekayo. Ososayensi bathi mhlawumbe izinto ezimnyama ziyinto ehluke ngokuphelele kuma-WIMP nama-neutrino noma yini, futhi bakha i-LUX-ZEPLIN, umtshina omusha okufanele uzwele ngokuphindwe kamashumi ayisikhombisa kunalesi samanje.

Isayensi iyangabaza ukuthi ikhona yini into enjengento emnyama, kodwa nokho izazi zezinkanyezi muva nje zibone umthala okuthi, naphezu kokuba nesisindo esifana ne-Milky Way, uyi-99,99% yento emnyama. Ulwazi mayelana nokutholwa lunikezwe i-observatory u-V.M. Keka. Lokhu kumayelana Umthala I-Dragonfly 44 (I-Dragonfly 44). Ukuba khona kwayo kwaqinisekiswa kuphela ngonyaka odlule lapho i-Dragonfly Telephoto Array ibona isiqeshana sesibhakabhaka kumlaza i-Berenices Spit. Kwatholakala ukuthi umthala uqukethe okuningi kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala ekuqaleni. Njengoba kunezinkanyezi ezimbalwa kuyo, ingahlakazeka ngokushesha uma into ethile engaqondakali ingasiza ukuhlanganisa izinto eziyakhayo. Indaba emnyama?

Ukumodela?

I-hypothesis Umkhathi njengehologramnaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu abaneziqu ezinzulu zesayensi benza kulo, lisaphathwa njengendawo enenkungu emngceleni wesayensi. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi bangabantu nabo, futhi kunzima kubo ukuqonda imiphumela yengqondo yocwaningo mayelana nalokhu. Juan Maldasenaeqala ngethiyori yezintambo, wabeka umbono wendawo yonke lapho izintambo ezinyakazayo endaweni enezinhlangothi eziyisishiyagalolunye zakha iqiniso lethu, okumane kuyihologram - ukuqagela kwezwe eliyisicaba elingenawo amandla adonsela phansi..

Imiphumela yocwaningo olwenziwa ososayensi base-Austria, olwanyatheliswa ngo-2015, ibonisa ukuthi indawo yonke idinga izilinganiso ezimbalwa kunalokho obekulindelekile. Umkhathi we-XNUMXD ungase ube nje ukwakheka kolwazi lwe-XNUMXD kumkhathizwe we-cosmological. Ososayensi bayiqhathanisa namahologramu atholakala emakhadini okuthenga ngesikweletu - empeleni anezinhlangothi ezimbili, nakuba siwabona njengamacala amathathu. Ngokuvumelana ne Daniela Grumillera kusukela e-Vienna University of Technology, umkhathi wethu uyisicaba futhi unokugoba okuhle. UGrumiller uchaze kwethi Physical Review Letters ukuthi uma amandla adonsela phansi e-quantum endaweni eyisicaba angachazwa ngokwe-holographically nge-standard quantum theory, kufanele futhi kube nenani elibonakalayo elingabalwa kuyo yomibili le mibono, futhi imiphumela kufanele ihambisane. Ikakhulukazi, isici esisodwa esiyisihluthulelo se-quantum mechanics, i-quantum entanglement, kufanele ibonakale kumbono we-gravity.

Abanye baya phambili, bengakhulumi nge-holographic projection, kodwa ngisho nange ukumodela ikhompuyutha. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, isazi sezinkanyezi esidumile, owawina uMklomelo kaNobel, UGeorge Smoot, wethule izimpikiswano zokuthi isintu siphila ngaphakathi kokulingisa okunjalo kwekhompyutha. Uthi lokhu kungenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemidlalo yekhompiyutha, okuyinto engokweqile eyakha umnyombo weqiniso langempela. Ingabe abantu bayoke benze imifanekiso engokoqobo? Impendulo ithi yebo,” esho engxoxweni. “Kusobala ukuthi kunenqubekela phambili ebonakalayo kulolu daba. Bheka nje "i-Pong" yokuqala nemidlalo eyenziwe namuhla. Cishe ngo-2045, sizokwazi ukudlulisela imicabango yethu kumakhompyutha maduze nje. "

I-Universe njenge-Holographic Projection

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi singakwazi kakade kumephu ama-neurons athile ebuchosheni ngokusebenzisa i-imaging magnetic resonance, ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngezinye izinjongo akufanele kube yinkinga. Khona-ke iqiniso elibonakalayo lingasebenza, elivumela ukuthintana nezinkulungwane zabantu futhi linikeze uhlobo lokuvuselela ubuchopho. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzekile esikhathini esedlule, kusho uSmoot, futhi umhlaba wethu uyinethiwekhi ethuthukisiwe yokulingisa okubonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungenzeka izikhathi eziningi ezingapheli! Ngakho-ke singaphila ekulingiseni okukokunye ukulingiswa, okuqukethwe kokunye ukulingiswa okuwukuthi... nokunye kwesikhangiso se-infinitum.

Umhlaba, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu uMkhathi, ngeshwa, awunikezwanga epuletini. Kunalokho, thina ngokwethu siyingxenye, sincane kakhulu, yezitsha okungenzeka ukuthi azizange zilungiselelwe thina, njengoba eminye imibono ibonisa.

Ingabe leyo ngxenye encane yendawo yonke thina - okungenani ngomqondo wezinto ezibonakalayo - iyoke sazi sonke isakhiwo? Ingabe sihlakaniphe ngokwanele ukuba siqonde futhi siqonde imfihlakalo yendawo yonke? Mhlawumbe cha. Kodwa-ke, uma sike sanquma ukuthi ekugcineni sizohluleka, kungaba nzima ukungaboni ukuthi lokhu kuzoba, ngomqondo othile, uhlobo lokuqonda kokugcina mayelana nemvelo yazo zonke izinto ...