Imfundiso yokusebenzisa i-Regia Aeronautica

Imfundiso yokusetshenziswa kwe-Regia Aeronautica. I-Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 - indiza eyisisekelo yebhomu neyokuthutha yendiza yezempi yase-Italy yama-1935s. I-1938 yakhiwa phakathi kuka-535-1936. Izivivinyo zokulwa zenzeka phakathi neMpi Yombango YaseSpain (1939-XNUMX).

Ngaphezu kwe-United States, i-Great Britain kanye neSoviet Union, i-Italy nayo yaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni inkolelo-mbono yokusetshenziswa kwezindiza zokulwa. Izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza komoya kwamasu zabekwa nguGeneral General Giulio Due wase-Italy, izazi ze-Douai zokusebenza komoya eGreat Britain, njengomphathi weRoyal Air Force Staff College, uBrig. Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt. Umsebenzi kaDouai nawo waba nethonya elithile ekuthuthukisweni kwemfundiso yaseMelika yokusebenza ngamasu emoyeni, nakuba abaseMelika babenombono wabo ovelele, uWilliam “Billy” Mitchell. Nokho, amaNtaliyane ngokwawo awazange athathe indlela yokusebenzisa inkolelo-mbono kaDouai ukuze enze eyawo imfundiso yokusebenzisa. I-Regia Aeronautica yamukela izixazululo zezimfundiso ezihlongozwe uColonel Amadeo Mecozzi, isikhulu esingaphansi kukaDouai, owagcizelela ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani kwendiza, ikakhulukazi.

ukusekela ibutho lasolwandle.

Umsebenzi wetiyetha we-Giulio Due uyitiyori yokuqala ngqa yokusetshenziswa kwe-Air Force ekusebenzeni kwamasu, ngaphandle kwamanye amagatsha amabutho ahlomile. Ezinyathelweni zakhe, ikakhulukazi, iBritish Bomber Command yalandela, okwathi, ngokuhlasela amadolobha aseJalimane, yazama ukubukela phansi isimilo sabantu baseJalimane futhi yaholela ekuxazululeni kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili ngendlela efanayo neMpi Yezwe edlule. AbaseMelika baphinde bazama ukuphula umshini wempi waseJalimane ngokuqhumisa amabhomu izindawo zezimboni ze-Third Reich. Kamuva, kulokhu ngempumelelo enkulu, kwenziwa imizamo yokuphinda okufanayo naseJapane. E-USSR, inkolelo-mbono kaDouai yasungulwa yi-theorist yaseSoviet u-Aleksandr Nikolaevich Lapchinsky (1882-1938) ngaphambi kokuba ibe yisisulu sokwesaba kukaStalinist.

UDouai nomsebenzi wakhe

UGiulio Due wazalwa ngoMeyi 30, 1869 eCaserta, eduze naseNaples, emndenini wesikhulu nothisha. Wangena eGenoa Military Academy esemncane kwathi ngo-1888, eneminyaka engu-19, wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba nguLieutenant wesibili embuthweni wezempi. Njengoba eseyisikhulu, wathweswa iziqu ePolytechnic University of Turin eneziqu zobunjiniyela. Wayeyisikhulu esinesiphiwo, futhi ngo-1900 waqokwa kuGeneral Staff ngesikhundla sikaKaputeni G. Duet.

UDouai waba nesithakazelo kwezondiza ngo-1905 lapho i-Italy ithenga indiza yayo yokuqala. Indiza yokuqala yase-Italy yandiza ngo-1908, okwakhulisa isithakazelo sikaDouai emathubeni amasha anikezwa yizindiza. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, wabhala: “Maduze izulu lizoba inkundla yempi ebaluleke njengezwe nolwandle. (...) Kuphela ngokuthola ukuphakama komoya singasebenzisa ithuba elisinika ithuba lokukhawulela inkululeko yokwenza isitha ebusweni bomhlaba. UDouai wayebheka izindiza njengesikhali esithembisayo maqondana nezindiza, lapho ayehluke khona kumphathi wakhe, uColonel Duai. UMaurizio Moris ovela ku-Aviation Inspectorate ye-Italian Land Forces.

Ngisho nangaphambi kuka-1914, uDouai wacela ukuthi kudalwe izindiza njengegatsha elizimele lamabutho ahlomile, eliqondiswa umshayeli wendiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uGiulio Due waba umngane noGianni Caproni, umklami wezindiza odumile nomnikazi wenkampani yezindiza yaseCaproni, eyasungulwa ngo-1911.

Ngo-1911, i-Italy yayilwa neTurkey ukuze ilawule iLibya. Phakathi nale mpi, izindiza zaqala ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo zempi. Ngo-November 1, 1911, uLieutenant Giulio Gravotta, endiza indiza yaseJalimane i-Eltrich Taube, waphonsa amabhomu omoya embuthweni waseTurkey endaweni yaseZadr naseTachiura okokuqala ngqa. Ngo-1912, u-Douai, owayeyisikhulu ngaleso sikhathi, wanikezwa umsebenzi wokubhala umbiko ngamathemba okuthuthukiswa kwezindiza, ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni kokuhlangenwe nakho kwempi yaseLibya. Ngaleso sikhathi, umbono owawukhona wawuwukuthi izindiza zazingasetshenziswa kuphela ukuze kutholwe kabusha amayunithi namayunithi angaphansi kwamandla aphansi. UDouai uphakamise ukuthi kusetshenziswe indiza ukuze kuhlolwe abantu, kuliwe nezinye izindiza ezisemoyeni.

kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu.

Ngo-1912 u-G. Due wathatha umyalo webutho lasemoyeni lase-Italy eTurin. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wabhala incwadi yezindiza, Imithetho Yokusetshenziswa Kwezindiza Empini, eyagunyazwa, kodwa abaphathi bakaDouai bamenqabela ukusebenzisa igama elithi "imishini yezempi" ukuze abhekisele ezindizeni, esikhundleni salo "imishini yezempi". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukungqubuzana okungaguquki kukaDouai nabaphathi bakhe kwaqala, futhi imibono kaDouai yaqala ukubhekwa njenge "radical".

NgoJulayi 1914, uDouai wayeyiNhloko Yezisebenzi ze-Edolo Infantry Division. Ngemva kwenyanga, iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala yaqala, kodwa i-Italy okwamanje ayizange ingathathi hlangothi. Ngo-December 1914, uDouai, owayebikezele ukuthi impi eyayisanda kuqala yayizothatha isikhathi eside futhi ibize kakhulu, wabhala isihloko esithi makwandiswe izindiza zase-Italy elindele ukuthi izodlala indima enkulu ezingxabanweni zesikhathi esizayo. Kakade esihlokweni esishiwo, u-Douai wabhala ukuthi ukuthola ukuphakama emoyeni kuhlanganisa ukukwazi ukuhlasela emoyeni noma iyiphi ingxenye yeqembu lesitha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Esihlokweni esilandelayo, uhlongoze ukudala inqwaba yamabhomu angama-500 ukuze ahlasele okubaluleke kakhulu, okuhlosiwe okuyimfihlo kakhulu endaweni yangaphandle. UDouai ubhale ukuthi inqwaba yamabhomu okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla ingawisa amathani angama-125 amabhomu ngosuku.

Ngo-1915, i-Italy yangena empini, okwathi, njengase-Western Front, yaphenduka impi engapheli ngokushesha. UDouai ugxeke iGeneral Staff yaseNtaliyane ngokuqhuba impi ngezindlela eseziphelelwe yisikhathi. Kusukela ngo-1915, uDouai wathumela izincwadi ezimbalwa kuGeneral Staff eziqukethe ukugxeka kanye neziphakamiso zokushintshwa kwesu. Uhlongoze, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqalisa ukuhlasela kwezindiza eConstantinople yaseTurkey ukuze kuphoqe iTurkey ukuthi ivule i-Dardanelles yemikhumbi yamazwe ase-Entente. Waze wathumela nezincwadi zakhe kuJenene Luigi Cardone, umkhuzi wamabutho ase-Italy.