Ukwengeza izimoto zikagesi
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto zikagesi zivame ukumba eqolo kunezimoto zikaphethiloli nezikadizili. Nokho, kulabo abashayela amakhilomitha angasese emotweni yenkampani, okuphambene kuyiqiniso. Isizathu: isilinganiso sokungeza esihamba kancane. Sibalwa kanjani kahle lesi sengezo? Izinto zinjani manje? Libukeka kanjani ikusasa eliseduze? Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nesengezo semoto kagesi.
Kusebenza kanjani ukwengeza?
Okokuqala, empeleni kusebenza kanjani ukwengeza? Isengezo siqala ukusebenza uma ushayela ngaphezu kuka-500 km ngonyaka ngasese emotweni yenkampani. Iziphathimandla zentela zibheka lokhu njengeholo. Ngakho kufanele ukhokhe intela kulokhu. Ngakho-ke, inani elithile lenani lemoto kufanele lengezwe emalini engenayo: ukwanda.
Ukuze kunqunywe inkokhiso eyengeziwe, iphesenti lesisekelo sentela noma intengo yohlu liyathathwa. Kuzo zonke izimoto zikaphethiloli, isithasiselo njengamanje singama-22%. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kuma-hybrids, ama-plug-in hybrids kanye nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezine-range extender. Onyakeni wesi-2, izinga elincishisiwe lika-2021% lizosebenza kuphela ezimotweni ezingakhiphi nhlobo i-CO12. Ngaphandle kwezimoto zikagesi, lokhu kuhlanganisa nezimoto ezisebenza nge-hydrogen. Leli zinga lisebenza iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokungeniswa kokuqala (ngosuku imoto “ibhalisiwe”). Ngemuva kwalokho kuzosebenza imithetho esebenza ngaleso sikhathi.
Inani lentela lihlanganisa i-VAT ne-BPM. Izesekeli ezifakwe efekthri nazo ziyabala, kodwa izesekeli ezifakwe umthengisi azikwazi. Izindleko zokulungisa nokubhalisa nazo azifakiwe. Ngakho, inani lezezimali lingaphansi kwenani lentengo elinconyiwe.
Ezimotweni zikagesi ezibhaliswe ngo-2020, inkokhiso eyehlisiwe efika ku-€ 40.000 iyasebenza. Izinga elivamile elingu-22% lizokhokhiswa engxenyeni yenani lekhathalogi eleqa leli nani. Uma imoto ibiza ama-euro angu-55.000 12, u-40.000% ubhekisela kuma-euro angu-22 wokuqala kanye no-15.000% kuma-euro angu-XNUMX XNUMX asele. Sizohlinzeka ngesibonelo sokubala esinemininingwane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulesi sihloko ukuze sicacise lokhu.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuqashisa ngokujwayelekile esihlokweni sokuqashisa imoto kagesi.
Kuze kube yi-2021
Imithetho yokwengeza ishintsha njalo. Kube nenani elincane kakhulu elikhokhiswa ukubhaliswa kwezimoto zikagesi ngo-2020, okungu-8%. Le nzalo eyengeziwe iphinda isebenze kufika ku-45.000 euros 40.000 esikhundleni sama-euro angama-60. Ukuze bathole izinzuzo zemakethe ephansi, abashayeli bamabhizinisi bathenge izimoto zikagesi ezinkulu ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule, noma, vele, bangene esivumelwaneni sebhizinisi ukuze benze kanjalo. Kulabo abathenge imoto ngonyaka odlule, inani lamanje lamanje lizohlala lisebenza izinyanga eziyi-XNUMX, kungakhathalekile ukuthi amanani ashintshile.
Ngonyaka wezi-2010, uhulumeni wethula omunye umhlomulo ezimotweni ezingakhiphi i-zero okokuqala ngqa. Ukwenyuka kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kwakusengu-0%. Ngo-2014, lesi sibalo sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-4%. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-2019. Ngo-2020, kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-8%. Ngo-2021, lesi sibalo siphinde senyuka safinyelela ku-12%.
Umhla ka-2020
Ukwenyuka kusuka ku-4% kuya ku-8% bese kuya ku-12% kuyingxenye yokwenyuka kancane kancane njengoba kubizwe kwiSivumelwano Sesimo Sezulu. Izimoto zikagesi zizokhula ngo-2026% ngo-22. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, okungeziwe kuzokwanda kancane isikhathi ngasinye (bheka ithebula). Ukwengezwa kunyuswe kancane kulo nyaka futhi kuzophinde kwenzeke ngonyaka ozayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, iprimiyamu yezimoto zikagesi izohlala iku-16% iminyaka emithathu. Ngo-2025, inkokhiso izophinde yengezwe ngo-1% ngaphambi kokuthi umhlomulo omncane unyamalale ngo-2026.
Inani eliphezulu lekhathalogi kulo nyaka lehlisiwe lisuka ku-45.000 € 40.000 laya ku-2025 € 2026. Leli nani lekhathalogi lizosetshenziswa kuze kube unyaka wama-XNUMX. Kusukela ngo-XNUMX kuye phambili, izinga elincishisiwe ngeke lisaba khona ngakho-ke umkhawulo ngeke usasebenza.
Ukubuka konke okugcwele kungabonakala kuthebula elingezansi. I-2019 nayo ifakiwe ukuze iqhathaniswe. Lezi izinhlelo njengoba zinjalo, kodwa zingase zishintshe. Isivumelwano Sesimo Sezulu sithi imithetho eyengeziwe ibuyekezwa minyaka yonke futhi ilungiswe njengoba kudingeka.
| год | Iyangeza | Inani le-Threshold |
| 2019 | 4% | €50.000 |
| 2020 | 8% | €45.000 |
| 2021 | 12% | €40.000 |
| 2022 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2023 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2024 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2025 | 17% | €40.000 |
| 2026 | 22% | - |
Ezengeziwe (plug-in) hybrids
Kuthiwani ngama-plug-in hybrids? Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ngeke besakwazi ukuthembela ezinzuzweni ezengeziwe. Izinga elijwayelekile lika-22% lisebenza kulolu hlobo lwemoto. Esikhathini esidlule, ama-hybrids ayesaphumelela. Umbandela wawuwukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kufanele kube ngaphansi kwamagremu angu-50 ngekhilomitha. Isibonelo, i-Porsche 918 Spyder yayine-CO2 ekhishwayo engu-70 amagremu / km, ngakho-ke i-PHEV yawa esikebheni ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kancane. Ama-PHEV anosayizi omaphakathi anenjini evuthayo alungile.
Kufakwe isicelo esehliswe ngo-2014% kulezi zimoto ngo-2015 no-7. Isibonelo, ngenxa yalesi silinganiso, i-Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV isithandwa kakhulu. Ngo-2014, ukunyuka kwaze kwaba ngu-0%, ngakho-ke akukho mehluko owenziwe phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi nama-hybrids uma imoto inokukhishwa kwe-CO50 engaphansi kwamagremu angu-2.
Inketho 1: I-Hyundai Kona Electric
Isengezo sango-2020
Ukuze uthole umbono wezindleko, ake sibale isithasiselo sezimoto ezimbili. Okokuqala, ake sithathe imoto yokuqashisa edumile ngaphansi kuka-€ 45.000: i-Hyundai Kona. Le modeli iyatholakala kokubili injini kaphethiloli kanye hybrid, kodwa okwamanje sikhuluma inketho kagesi wonke. Inguqulo engu-64 kWh Comfort inenani lekhathalogi elingu-€ 40.715 XNUMX.
Njengoba leli nani lingaphansi komkhawulo we-€ 45.000, inkokhiso eyehlisiwe engu-8% isetshenziswa kulo lonke inani. Lokhu kufinyelela ku-€ 3.257,20 iyonke ngonyaka noma i-271,43 € ngenyanga. Leli yinani elengeziwe okufanele kukhokhwe ngalo intela.
Inani lentela lincike esigabeni sentela. Kulesi sibonelo, sicabanga ukuthi iholo lonyaka lingaphansi kuka-68.507 € 37,35. Izinga lentela elisetshenziswa kuleli qembu njengamanje lingu-271,43%. Ngokukhuphuka okuyisamba kuka-€ 101,38, uzogcina ukhokha u-€ XNUMX ngenyanga.
| Inani lekhathalogi | €40.715 |
| Iphesenti lokungeza | 8% |
| Isengezo esiphelele | €271,43 |
| Izinga lentela | 37,35% |
| Ukwengeza okuhlanzekile | €101,38 |
Isengezo sango-2019
Ngonyaka odlule, ukukhuphuka okuphelele kwama-EVs kulesi sigaba samanani kwakusewuhhafu, ngenxa yokwenyuka ngo-4%. V net ukwengeza, nokho, kwakungeyona ingxenye ncamashi, ngoba izinga lentela imali engenayo kusukela 20.711 68.507 ukuze 2019 51,71 euro kwaba kancane ephakeme ngaleso sikhathi. Ngale datha, ukubalwa kunikeza inzuzo esele onyakeni wama-XNUMX wama-€ XNUMX ngenyanga.
Isengezo sango-2021
Ngonyaka ozayo iphesenti lizonyuka lifinyelele ku-12%. Izinga lentela nalo liyashintsha, nakuba umehluko unomkhawulo. Enye ebalulekile yale moto: inani le-threshold liyancipha lisuka ku-45.000 40.000 liye ku-40.715 715 euros. Inani lekhathalogi lama-euro angama-22 2021 lingaphezulu kancane kunalokhu. Kungakho isithasiselo esigcwele esingu-153,26% kufanele kukhokhwe ku-€ XNUMX yokugcina. Imali engaphezulu yanyanga zonke izoba ngu-€ XNUMX ngonyaka ka-XNUMX ngemoto efanayo nemali engenayo efanayo.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukwazi ukuthi ngaphandle kwenzuzo eyengeziwe - ngesilinganiso sama-22% - ukukhuphuka kwenetha kuzoba ngama-euro angama-278,80, ngokusekelwe kumazinga entela amanje. Ukwengezwa kokushayela ngogesi kuzoba kuleli zinga ngo-2026. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi izimoto zikagesi nazo zizobe sezishibhile.
Ugesi vs. uphethiloli
Njengoba iKona iphinde itholakale ngophethroli, kuyajabulisa ukwengeza lokhu okungeziwe kulolu hlobo. Ngeshwa, ukuqhathanisa okulungile ngokuphelele akunakwenzeka ngoba uhlobo olunamandla kakhulu lukaphethiloli lusenamandla amancane kunakagesi. I-1.6 T-GDI inama-hp angu-177 kanti i-Electric 64 kWh inama-204. Enguqulweni eshibhe kakhulu ye-1.6 T-GDI, ukhokha ingqikithi yama-euro angu-194,83 ngenyanga. Ngisho nokwengezwa okungeziwe, i-Electric enamandla kakhulu isashibhile kakhulu.
| I-Kona Electric 64 | 2019 | 4% | €51,71 |
| 2020 | 8% | €101,38 | |
| 2021 | 12% | €153,26 | |
| 22% | €278,80 | ||
| I-Kona 1.6 T-GDI | 22% | €194,83 |
Isibonelo sesi-2: Imodeli ye-Tesla 3
Isengezo sango-2020
I-Tesla Model 3 yayihamba phambili ngonyaka odlule uma kuziwa ezimotweni eziqashisayo ezaziwa kakhulu. Ngokungafani ne-Kona, intengo yekhathalogi yale moto idlula umkhawulo wama-euro angama-45.000. Inguqulo eshibhe kakhulu i-Standard Range Plus. Intengo yekhathalogi yayo ingu-€ 48.980 XNUMX. Lokhu kwenza ukubala kube nzima kancane.
Isilinganiso esingu-45.000% sisebenza ku-€ 8 wokuqala. Lokhu kuhambisana nokukhuphuka okuyisamba okungu-€ 300 ngenyanga. I-€ 3.980 esele ingaphansi kwenani eligcwele lama-22%. Lokhu kufinyelela kuma-euro angama-72,97 ngenyanga. Ngakho-ke, inani eliphelele elingeziwe lingu-€ 372,97.
Kule moto, sicabanga ukuthi imali engenayo idlula ama-euro angu-68.507 49,50 futhi izinga lentela elihambisanayo lingu-184,62%. Lokhu kukunikeza ukukhuphuka okuphelele kwe-€ 335,39 ngenyanga. Uma kuqhathaniswa: ngaphandle kwenzuzo eyengeziwe, isithasiselo siphelele bekungaba ngu-€ XNUMX.
| Isamba senani lekhathalogi | €48.980 |
| Inani lekhathalogi embundwini | €45.000 |
| Iphesenti lokungeza | 8% |
| Iyangeza | €300 |
| Okusele inani lekhathalogi | €3.980 |
| Iphesenti lokungeza | 22% |
| Iyangeza | €72,97 |
| Isamba esengeziwe | €372,97 |
| Izinga lentela | 49,50% |
| Ukwengeza okuhlanzekile | €184,62 |
Isengezo sika-2019 no-2021
Abathenge iModel 3 ngonyaka odlule basenganyuselwa ngo-4% ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi. Okubuye kube umehluko obalulekile kule nguqulo ethile: khona-ke umkhawulo wawusengu-50.000 € 4. Ngakho-ke, le 68.507% ibhekisela enani lohlu oluphelele. Izinga lentela emalini engenayo engaphezu kwama-euro angu-84,49 279,68 ngaleso sikhathi lalisengaphezulu kancane. Lokhu kuholele ekwenyukeni okuphelele kwe-€ 12 ngenyanga. Ngonyaka ozayo, iprimiyamu izoba ngu-€ XNUMX ngenyanga ngokunyuka okungafika ku-XNUMX%.
| I-Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus | 2019 | 4% | €84,49 |
| 2020 | 8% | €184,62 | |
| 2021 | 12% | €279,68 | |
| 22% | € 444.49 | ||
| BMW 330i | 22% | €472,18 |
Ugesi vs. uphethiloli
Ibiza malini ngaphezu kwalokho imoto kaphethiloli eqhathaniswayo? Njengoba i-Model 3 ingeye-D-segment, imoto ingaqhathaniswa, isibonelo, ne-BMW 3 Series. Okuhlukile okuseduze yi-330i enama-258 hp. Lokhu kungu-20 hp. ngaphezu kwe-Standard Range Plus. Ngezinga lentela elifanayo njengangaphambili, sithola ukukhuphuka okuphelele kwama-€ 330 ngenyanga nge-472,18i. Uma kubhekwa inani eliphakeme lohlu, i-330i ihlala ibiza kancane kune-Model 3 Standard Range Plus, kodwa i-2020i okwamanje izobiza okungenani okungu-330x kumshayeli webhizinisi ngo-2,5. Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi kungani ubona iModel 3 kaningi kune-BMW 3 Series entsha.
Ukufingqa
Maqondana nokwenyuka kwezindleko ezengeziwe zezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zisuka ku-4% zaya ku-8%, kulo nyaka kuthathwe isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqeda ukwenyuswa kwentela eyengeziwe. Izindleko zomkhawulo nazo zehlisiwe zisuka ku-50.000 45.000 zaya ku-8 XNUMX euros. Ngakho, uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, inzuzo yezezimali isivele yehla kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, inani eliphakeme lekhathalogi yama-EVs lingaphezu kokulungiswa ngamaphesenti angama-XNUMX. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli webhizinisi uvame ukuba okungenani ingxenye yentengo yemoto eqhathaniswa nophethiloli.
Kodwa-ke, inzuzo yezezimali izoncipha kuze kube yilapho ukunyuka kufinyelela ezingeni likaphethiloli nezimoto zikadizili ngo-2026. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto zikagesi, yiqiniso, zishibhile. Isikhathi sizobonisa ukuthi lezi zenzakalo ezimbili zizolinganisela kanjani.
