Kungani sidinga ama-crossovers kuma-acoustics engxenye?
Okuqukethwe
Lapho ufaka isistimu yesimanje ye-stereo emotweni, umnikazi udinga ukukhetha i-crossover efanele. Akunzima ukwenza lokhu uma uqala ukuzijwayeza ukuthi iyini, ihloselwe ini, futhi njengengxenye yaluphi uhlelo lwesipika oluzosebenza.
Injongo
⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ I-Crossover iyithuluzi elikhethekile esakhiweni sesistimu yesipika, eklanyelwe ukulungisa ububanzi obuyimfihlo obudingekayo besipikha ngasinye esifakiwe. Okwakamuva kuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lefrikhwensi. Okukhiphayo kwemvamisa yesignali enikezwe isipika esingaphandle kobubanzi kungaholela, okungenani, ekuhlanekeni komsindo okhiqizwe kabusha, isibonelo:
- uma ifrikhwensi iphansi kakhulu, isithombe somsindo sizohlanekezelwa;
- uma kusetshenziswa imvamisa ephezulu kakhulu, umnikazi wesistimu ye-stereo ngeke abhekane nokuhlanekezelwa komsindo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwehluleka kwe-tweeter (tweeter) Angase angakwazi ukumelana nale ndlela yokusebenza.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umsebenzi we-tweeter ukukhiqiza kabusha umsindo we-high-frequency kuphela, i-low-frequency, ngokulandelana, ephansi. Ibhendi yebanga elimaphakathi inikezwa i-mid-woofer - isipikha esinesibopho somsindo wamafrikhwensi webanga eliphakathi.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, ukuze ukhiqize kabusha umsindo wemoto ngekhwalithi ephezulu, kuyadingeka ukukhetha amabhendi efrikhwensi afanelekile futhi uwasebenzise kuzipikha ezithile. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kusetshenziswa i-crossover.
Idivayisi ye-Crossover
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-crossover ihlanganisa izihlungi ezimbili ezisebenza ngale ndlela elandelayo: isibonelo, uma imvamisa ye-crossover isethelwe ku-1000 Hz, esinye sezihlungi sizokhetha amafrikhwensi ngaphansi kwalesi nkomba. Futhi okwesibili ukucubungula kuphela ibhendi yefrikhwensi eyeqa uphawu olushiwo. Izihlungi zinamagama azo: i-low-pass - yokucubungula amaza angaphansi kwe-hertz eyinkulungwane; i-hi-pass - yokucubungula amaza angaphezu kwenkulungwane ye-hertz.
Ngakho-ke, isimiso lapho i-crossover yezindlela ezimbili isebenza ngayo yethulwe ngenhla. Kukhona nemikhiqizo yezindlela ezintathu emakethe. Umehluko omkhulu, njengoba negama lisho, isihlungi sesithathu esicubungula ibhendi yefrikhwensi ephakathi, kusukela kumakhulu ayisithupha kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezinhlanu ze-hertz.
Eqinisweni, ukwandisa iziteshi zokuhlunga ibhande lomsindo, bese uziphakela izikhulumi ezifanele, kuholela ekukhiqizeni umsindo ongcono futhi wemvelo ngaphakathi kwemoto.
Izici zobuchwepheshe
Ama-crossovers amaningi esimanje aqukethe ama-inductors nama-capacitor. Kuye ngenani kanye nekhwalithi yokwenziwa kwalezi zakhi ezisebenzayo, izindleko zomkhiqizo oqediwe ziyanqunywa.Kungani ama-bandpass crossover ahlanganisa amakhoyili nama-capacitor? Isizathu siwukuthi lezi yizakhi ezilula kakhulu ezisebenzayo. Bacubungula amafrikhwensi ahlukene wesignali yomsindo ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi.
Ama-Capacitor angahlukanisa futhi asebenze ama-frequency aphezulu, kuyilapho amakhoyili edingeka ukulawula amaza aphansi. Ngokusebenzisa kahle lezi zakhiwo, ngenxa yalokho, ungathola isihlungi esilula kakhulu. Asikho isidingo sokuhlolisisa imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi ye-physics kanye nokucaphuna amafomula njengesibonelo. Noma ubani ofuna ukujwayelana nezisekelo zethiyori ngokuningiliziwe angathola kalula ulwazi ezincwadini zokufunda noma ku-intanethi. Kwanele ukuthi ochwepheshe bephrofayela bavuselele ememori isimiso sokusebenza kwamanethiwekhi ohlobo lwe-LC-CL.
Inani lama-elementi asebenzayo lithinta umthamo we-crossover. Inombolo 1 isho isici esisodwa, 2 - ngokulandelana, ezimbili. Kuye ngenombolo nohlelo lokuxhuma lwezakhi, isistimu yenza ukuhlunga kwamafrikhwensi angafanele wesiteshi esithile ngezindlela ezihlukene.
Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ama-elementi asebenza kakhulu asetshenziswayo enza inqubo yokuhlunga ibe ngcono. Isikimu sokuhlunga imvamisa esingafuneki sesiteshi esithile sinesici saso, esibizwa ngokuthi i-slope of the roll-off.
Izihlungi zinempahla yemvelo yokunqamula amaza angafuneki kancane kancane, hhayi ngokushesha.
Kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzwela. Kuye ngale nkomba, imikhiqizo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezine:
- amamodeli we-oda lokuqala;
- amamodeli e-oda lesibili;
- amamodeli e-oda lesithathu;
- amamodeli oda lwesine.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-crossover asebenzayo nama-passive
Ake siqale ukuqhathanisa nge-crossover ye-passive. Kuyaziwa ngokuzijwayeza ukuthi i-passive crossover iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi oluvame kakhulu emakethe. Ngokusekelwe egameni, ungaqonda ukuthi i-passive ayidingi amandla engeziwe. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kulula futhi kuyashesha kumnikazi wemoto ukufaka imishini emotweni yakhe. Kodwa, ngeshwa, isivinini asiqinisekisi njalo ikhwalithi.
Ngenxa yesimiso sokungenzi lutho sesekhethi, isistimu idinga ukuthatha amandla athile kusihlungi ukuze iqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo. Kulesi simo, ama-elementi asebenzayo ajwayele ukushintsha ukushintsha kwesigaba. Vele, lokhu akukona ukuhlehliswa okubi kakhulu, kodwa umnikazi ngeke akwazi ukulungisa kahle amaza.
Ama-crossovers asebenzayo akuvumela ukuthi ususe le nkinga. Iqiniso liwukuthi, nakuba ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalezo zenziwa, ukusakazwa komsindo kuhlungwa kangcono kakhulu kuzo. Ngenxa yobukhona bamakhoyili nama-capacitor kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinto ezengeziwe ze-semiconductor, abathuthukisi bakwazile ukunciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu bedivayisi.
Akuvamile ukutholakala njengemishini ehlukene, kodwa kunoma iyiphi i-amplifier yemoto, njengengxenye ebalulekile, kukhona isihlungi esisebenzayo. Ngenxa yesimiso sokungenzi lutho sesekhethi, isistimu idinga ukuthatha amandla athile kusihlungi ukuze iqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo. Kulesi simo, ama-elementi asebenzayo ajwayele ukushintsha ukushintsha kwesigaba. Vele, lokhu akukona ukuhlehliswa okubi kakhulu, kodwa umnikazi ngeke akwazi ukulungisa kahle amaza.
Ama-crossovers asebenzayo akuvumela ukuthi ususe le nkinga. Iqiniso liwukuthi, nakuba ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalezo zenziwa, ukusakazwa komsindo kuhlungwa kangcono kakhulu kuzo. Ngenxa yobukhona bamakhoyili nama-capacitor kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinto ezengeziwe ze-semiconductor, abathuthukisi bakwazile ukunciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu bedivayisi.
Akuvamile ukutholakala njengemishini ehlukene, kodwa kunoma iyiphi i-amplifier yemoto, njengengxenye ebalulekile, kukhona isihlungi esisebenzayo.
Siphakamisa futhi ukuthi uzijwayeze nesihloko esihambisana nalesi "Indlela yokuxhuma nokufaka i-Twitter ngendlela efanele".
Izici zokwenza ngokwezifiso
Ukuze uthole umsindo wemoto wekhwalithi ephezulu njengomphumela walokho, udinga ukukhetha imvamisa yokusika elungile. Uma usebenzisa i-crossover yezindlela ezintathu esebenzayo, amafrikhwensi amabili okunqamula kufanele acaciswe. Iphuzu lokuqala lizomaka umugqa phakathi kokuvama okuphansi nokuphakathi, okwesibili - umngcele phakathi kokuphakathi nokuphezulu. Ngaphambi kokuxhuma i-crossover, umnikazi wemoto kufanele akhumbule njalo ukuthi kuyadingeka ukukhetha kahle izici zemvamisa yesipika.
Akufanele zifunzwe ama-frequency lapho zingakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke kuholele ekuwohlokeni kwekhwalithi yomsindo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokunciphisa impilo yesevisi.
I-passive crossover wiring diagram
Ividiyo: Iyini i-crossover yomsindo?
isiphetho
Senze umzamo omkhulu ekwakheni lesi sihloko, sizama ukusibhala ngolimi olulula noluqondakalayo. Kodwa kukuwe ukuthi sikwenzile noma cha. Uma usenemibuzo, dala isihloko "kuforamu", thina nomphakathi wethu onobungane sizoxoxa ngayo yonke imininingwane futhi sithole impendulo engcono kakhulu kuyo.
Futhi ekugcineni, uyafuna ukusiza iphrojekthi? Bhalisela umphakathi wethu we-Facebook.
