Umehluko. Kuyini futhi kungani isetshenziswa?
Injini eno-gearbox ayanele ukushayela imoto. Ukuhlukana kuyadingeka futhi ekuhambeni kwamasondo.
Kalula nje, umehluko usebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasondo e-axle eqhutshwayo awazungezi ngesivinini esifanayo. Ngokwesayensi eyengeziwe, umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa ukunxephezela umehluko wemvamisa yokujikeleza kwama-cardan shafts amasondo e-axle yokushayela lapho ehamba ngamathrekhi obude obuhlukene.
Umehluko uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umehluko, egameni elithi umehluko. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lokhu akukona ukusungulwa kokuqala kwenkathi yezimoto. Umehluko wasungulwa amaShayina emakhulwini eminyaka edlule.
Okwekona
Umqondo wokwehluka ukuvumela imoto ukuthi ishintshe. Nokho, ku-axle yokushayela, uma imoto ijika ekhoneni, isondo elingaphandle kufanele lihambe ibanga elide kunesondo elingaphakathi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi isondo elingaphandle lijikeleze ngokushesha kunesondo elingaphakathi. Umehluko uyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe womabili amasondo ukuthi angajikelezi ngesivinini esifanayo. Ukube ibingekho, elinye lamasondo e-ekseli yokushayela belizoshelela endaweni yomgwaqo.
Bheka futhi isihloko esithi Car Drive joints - ushayela kanjani ngaphandle kokuwalimaza
Ukuhlukana akuvimbeli lokhu kuphela, kodwa futhi kuvimbela ukucindezeleka okungafuneki ekudluliseni, okungase kubangele ukuphuka, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nokwenyuka kwamasondo okugqoka.
Idizayini yokunyakaza
Umehluko uqukethe amagiya amaningana e-bevel avalelwe endlini ezungezayo. Ixhumene nesondo lomqhele. Ukudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka ku-gearbox (nasuka enjinini) kuya emasondweni okushayela kwenzeka lapho okuthiwa i-shaft shaft ishayela igiya lendandatho eshiwo ngenhla ngegiya elikhethekile le-hypoid (linama-axles asontekile nemigqa yamazinyo e-arcuate, evumela ukuthi udlulise. imithwalo emikhulu).
Ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, igiya eliyindandatho linamazinyo aqondile noma ama-helical atholakala eduze kwesiyingi sangaphandle se-shaft. Lolu hlobo lwesixazululo lulula futhi lushibhile ukwenza nokusebenza (umehluko uhlanganiswe nebhokisi lika-gearbox), okuchaza ukuthi kungani imakethe ibuswa yizimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angaphambili.
Bheka futhi isihloko esithi Amandla Ahlale Ngamasondo Amane okuwukubuka konke kwamasistimu okushayela angu-4×4.
Ezimotweni ezihamba ngamasondo angemuva, umehluko ufihliwe endaweni ekhethekile yensimbi. Ibonakala kahle ngaphansi kwe-chassis - phakathi kwamasondo okushayela kukhona isici esibizwa ngokuthi i-axle yangemuva.
Maphakathi kunesiphambano okufakwe kuso amagiya abizwa ngamasathelayithi, njengoba ezungeza le nto ebheke lapho kuhamba khona okwenza ukuthi amagiya ajike, wona adlulise idrayivu emasondweni emoto. Uma amasondo emoto ezungeza ngesivinini esihlukile (isibonelo, imoto iyajika), amasathelayithi ayaqhubeka nokuzungeza ezingalweni zesicabucabu.
Akukho ukushelela
Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi umehluko kunzima ukuwenza. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho elinye lamasondo emoto lisendaweni eshelelayo njengeqhwa. Umehluko ube usudlulisela cishe yonke i-torque kulelo sondo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isondo elibambe kahle kakhulu kumele lisebenzise i-torque eyengeziwe ukuze linqobe ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi kokuhluka.
Le nkinga isixazululiwe ezimotweni zezemidlalo, ikakhulukazi ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Lezi zimoto ngokuvamile zisebenzisa okuhlukile ukumelana okuphezulu okukwazi ukudlulisa iningi le-torque esondweni ngokubambelela okungcono kakhulu.
Idizayini yokuhluka isebenzisa ama-clutch phakathi kwamagiya aseceleni kanye nezindlu. Lapho elinye lamasondo liphelelwa amandla, elinye lamasondo liqala ukumelana nalesi simo ngamandla alo okushwibeka.
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Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona ukuphela kwesixazululo sokudlulisela esisetshenziswa ezimotweni ezingama-4×4. Eziningi zalezi zimoto zisenomehluko ophakathi nendawo (ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhluka kwesikhungo) onxephezela umehluko wejubane elijikelezayo phakathi kwama-ekseli ashayelwa. Lesi sixazululo siqeda ukwakheka kokucindezeleka okungadingekile ekudluliseni, okuthinta kabi ukuqina kwesistimu yokudlulisela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko ophakathi nawo usabalalisa i-torque phakathi kwama-axles angaphambili nangemuva. Ukuthuthukisa ukudonsa, yonke iSUV ezihloniphayo nayo ino gearbox, i.e. umshini okhulisa itorque edluliselwa emasondweni ngezindleko zejubane.
Okokugcina, kuma-SUV ashiseka kakhulu, izimoto ezihlome ukuhluka kwesikhungo kanye nezingidi ezihlukene zenzelwe.
Ngokusho kukangoti
UJerzy Staszczyk, umakhenikha waseSlupsk
Umehluko uyinto ehlala njalo yemoto, kodwa kuphela uma isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Ngokwesibonelo, akanikezwa ngokuzumayo iqala screeching amathayi. Yiqiniso, uma imoto indala, isistimu yayo yokushayela igugile, kuhlanganise nokuhluka. Lokhu kungahlolwa ngisho nasekhaya. Udinga nje ukuphakamisa ingxenye yemoto lapho amasondo okushayela ekhona. Ngemuva kokushintsha noma yiliphi igiya, jikisa isiteringi nhlangothi zombili uze uzwe ukumelana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sizwa ukumelana, kulapho izinga lokugqoka okuhlukile liba likhulu. Ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, ukudlala okunjalo kungakhombisa nokuguga ku-gearbox.
Wojciech Frölichowski
