Ukuxilongwa nokulungiswa kozimele bezimoto

Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula izinketho zokuxilonga nokulungisa amafreyimu ezimoto zomgwaqo, ikakhulukazi, izinketho zokuqondanisa amafreyimu nokushintsha izingxenye zefreyimu. Sizophinde sicabangele amafreyimu ezithuthuthu - amathuba okuhlola ubukhulu kanye namasu okulungisa, kanye nokulungisa izakhiwo ezisekela izimoto zomgwaqo.

Cishe kuzo zonke izingozi zomgwaqo, ngokufanele sibhekene nokulimala komzimba. ozimele bezimoto zomgwaqo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukulimala kohlaka lwemoto kuyenzeka futhi ngenxa yokusebenza ngokungafanele kwemoto (ngokwesibonelo, ukuqala kweyunithi nge-asi elijikelezayo likagandaganda nokuxakaniseka ngasikhathi sinye kohlaka lwogandaganda kanye ne-semi-trailer ngenxa yokungalingani indawo).

Ozimele bezimoto zomgwaqo

Amafreyimu ezimoto zomgwaqo ayingxenye yawo esekelayo, umsebenzi wawo ukuxhuma nokugcina endaweni edingekayo yesihlobo sezingxenye ezithile zokudlulisa nezinye izingxenye zemoto. Igama elithi "ozimele bezimoto zomgwaqo" njengamanje livame kakhulu ukutholakala ezimotweni ezine-chassis ezinefreyimu, ezimele kakhulu iqembu lamaloli, ama-semi-trailer kanye nama-trailer, amabhasi, kanye neqembu lemishini yezolimo (ihlanganisa, ogandaganda) , kanye nezinye izimoto ezingekho emigwaqweni. okokusebenza komgwaqo (iMercedes-Benz G-Class, iToyota Land Cruiser, iLand Rover Defender). Uhlaka luvame ukuba namaphrofayili wensimbi (ikakhulukazi u-U- noma omise okwenziwe nge-I futhi enosayizi weshidi cishe ongu-5-8 mm), exhunywe ngama-welds noma ama-rivets, ngokuxhuma okungenzeka kwe-screw.

Imisebenzi esemqoka yozimele:

• dlulisa amandla okushayela kanye namabhuleki amabhuleki ukuya nokubuya ekudlulisweni,
• qinisa ama-ekseli,
• thwala umzimba futhi ulayishe futhi udlulise isisindo saso ku-axle (amandla okusebenza),
• nika amandla umsebenzi wesitshalo samandla,
• qinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi bezimoto (i-passive safety element).

Izidingo zohlaka:

• ukuqina, amandla nokuguquguquka (ikakhulukazi maqondana nokugoba nokuhlukumeza), impilo yokukhathala,
• isisindo esincane,
• engenangxabano maqondana nezinto zemoto,
• impilo ende yokusebenza (ukumelana nokugqwala).

Ukwehlukaniswa kozimele ngokwesimiso somklamo wazo:

• ifreyimu enezintambo: inezingodo ezimbili ezinde ezixhunywe ngemishayo evundlile, imishayo ye-longitudinal ingabunjwa ukuvumela izimbazo ukuthi zivele,

Uhlaka lwezimbambo

• ifreyimu edayagonali: inezingodo ezimbili ezinde ezixhunywe ngemishayo evundlile, phakathi kwesakhiwo kukhona izigaxa ezimbili ezikhulisa ukuqina kohlaka,

 

Uhlaka oluvundlile

• I-Crossframe "X": inamalungu amabili asemaceleni athintana phakathi, amalungu wesiphambano aphuma kumalungu ohlangothini aye ezinhlangothini,

Uhlaka lwesiphambano

• ifreyimu yangemuva: isebenzisa ithubhu yokusekela kanye nama-axles e-oscillating (ama-axles e-pendulum), umsunguli u-Hans Ledwinka, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe we-Tatra; lolu hlaka lwaqala ukusetshenziswa emotweni yabagibeli i-Tatra 11; ibonakala ngamandla amakhulu, ikakhulukazi amandla e-torsional, ngakho-ke ifaneleka kakhulu izimoto ezihloselwe ukushayela ngaphandle komgwaqo; ayikuvumeli ukufakwa okuguquguqukayo kwenjini nezingxenye zokudlulisela, okwandisa umsindo obangelwa ukudlidliza kwazo,

Uhlaka lwangemuva

• ifreyimu enkulu yohlaka: ivumela ukufakwa okuguquguqukayo kwenjini futhi kuqede ukungalungi komklamo wangaphambilini,

Uhlaka lwasemuva

• ipulatifomu: lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo inguquko phakathi komzimba ozisekelayo nohlaka

Uhlaka lwengxenyekazi

• uzimele we-lattice: Lesi yisakhiwo sesitampu sensimbi yensimbi esitholakala ezinhlotsheni zamabhasi zanamuhla.

Uzimele weLattice

• ozimele bamabhasi (ifreyimu yesikhala): siqukethe amafreyimu amabili angama-rectangular atholakala ngaphezulu kwesinye, axhunywe ngokwahlukaniswa okuqondile.

Uhlaka lwebhasi

Ngokusho kwabanye, igama elithi "uhlaka lwemoto yomgwaqo" libuye lisho nohlaka lomzimba oluzisekelayo lwemoto yomgibeli, okufeza ngokuphelele umsebenzi wohlaka olwesekelayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokushisela izitampu namaphrofayili wensimbi. Izimoto zokuqala zokukhiqiza ezinemizimba yensimbi ezisekelayo zaziyiCitroën Traction Avant (1934) ne-Opel Olympia (1935).

Izidingo eziyinhloko yizindawo zokukhubazeka okuphephile kwezingxenye zangaphambili nangemuva kohlaka nomzimba wonke. Ukuqina komthelela okuhleliwe kufanele kuthathe amandla omthelela ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuwamunca ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela kubambezele ukuguquguquka kwengaphakathi uqobo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvikela abagibeli nokwenza lula ukutakulwa kwabo ngemuva kwengozi yomgwaqo. Izidingo zokuqina zihlanganisa ukumelana nomthelela ohlangothini. Imishayo ye-longitudinal emzimbeni ine-notch embossed noma igobile ukuze kuthi ngemuva komthelela ikhubazeke ngendlela efanele nangendlela efanele. Umzimba ozisekelayo uvumela ukunciphisa isisindo esiphelele semoto kuze kufike ku-10%. Kodwa-ke, kuya ngesimo sezomnotho esikhona kulo mkhakha wezimakethe, empeleni, kulungiswa ozimele bamaloli, intengo yokuthenga yayo iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yezimoto zabagibeli, futhi namakhasimende ahlala eyisebenzisela ukuthengisa (ezokuthutha ) imisebenzi. ...

Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu ezimotweni zabagibeli, izinkampani zabo zomshuwalense zikubeka njengomonakalo ophelele, ngakho-ke imvamisa abasebenzeli ukulungisa. Lesi simo sibe nomthelela omubi ekuthengisweni kwezimoto ezilinganisa abagibeli abasha, okube nokuncipha okukhulu kule minyaka edlule.

Ozimele bezithuthuthu bavame ukushiselwa kumaphrofayili we-tubular, amafoloko angaphambili nangemuva afakwa ngozimele ohlakeni olwakhiwe ngaleyo ndlela. Donsa ukulungisa ngokufanele. Ukushintsha izingxenye zohlaka lwesithuthuthu ngokuvamile kudikibala kakhulu ngabathengisi nezikhungo zensiza zalolu hlobo lwemishini ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha zabagibeli bezithuthuthu. Kulezi zimo, ngemuva kokuxilonga ifreyimu nokuthola ukungasebenzi kahle, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe lonke uhlaka lwesithuthuthu ufake olusha.

Kodwa-ke, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ukuxilonga nokulungisa ozimele bamaloli, izimoto nezithuthuthu, okubhekwe konke okubonwe ngezansi.

Ukuxilongwa kozimele bezimoto

Ukuhlolwa komonakalo nesilinganiso

Ezingozini zomgwaqo, ifreyimu nezitho zomzimba kubekwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemithwalo (isb. Ingcindezi, ukungezwani, ukugoba, ukuqothuka, umugqa) ngokulandelana. inhlanganisela yabo.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lomthelela, ukukhubazeka okulandelayo kohlaka, ifreyimu yaphansi noma umzimba kungenzeka:

• Ukuwa kwengxenye emaphakathi yohlaka (ngokwesibonelo, kushayisana ngamakhanda noma ukushayisana ngemuva kwemoto),

Ukwehluleka kwengxenye emaphakathi yohlaka

• ukusunduza ifreyimu phezulu (ngomthelela ongaphambili),

Phakamisa ifreyimu phezulu

• ukufuduswa kwe-lateral (umthelela oseceleni)

Ukuhamba kwesikhathi

• ukusonta (isibonelo, ukusonta imoto)

Ukujija

Ngokwengeziwe, imifantu noma imifantu ingavela ezintweni zohlaka. Mayelana nokuhlolwa okunembile komonakalo, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga ngokuhlola okubonakalayo futhi, kuye ngobukhulu bengozi, ifreyimu yemoto nayo kufanele ikalwe ngokufanele. umzimba wakhe.

Ukulawula okubonakalayo

Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthola umonakalo odalekile ukuthola ukuthi imoto idinga ukulinganiswa yini nokuthi yiziphi izinto okumele zilungiswe. Ngokuya ngobukhulu bengozi, imoto ihlolelwa ukonakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zokubuka:

1. Umonakalo wangaphandle.

Lapho uhlola imoto, lezi zinto ezilandelayo kufanele zihlolwe:

• ukulimala,
• usayizi wamalunga (ngokwesibonelo, eminyango, amabhampa, ibhonethi, indawo yokulayisha imithwalo, njll.) engakhombisa ukushuba komzimba ngakho-ke izilinganiso ziyadingeka,
• ukukhubazeka okuncane (ngokwesibonelo, ukuphuma ezindaweni ezinkulu), okungabonakala ngokukhanya okuhlukile,
• ukulimala kwengilazi, upende, ukuqhekeka, ukulimala emaphethelweni.

2. Ukulimala kohlaka lwaphansi.

Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukuphuka, ukuqhekeka, ukusonteka, noma ukuphuma kwesimetri lapho uhlola imoto, linganisa imoto.

3. Ukulimala kwangaphakathi.

• imifantu, ukukhama (ngoba lokhu kuvame ukudingeka ukuqaqa ulwelwesi),
• ukwehlisa isihlalo sangaphambili sebhande,
• ukuthunyelwa kwama-airbags,
• ukulimala komlilo,
• ukungcola.

3. Ukulimala kwesibili

Lapho kutholakala umonakalo wesibili, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke ukuthi ngabe zikhona yini ezinye izingxenye zohlaka, ama-acc. ukusebenza komzimba okufana nenjini, ukuhambisa, ukukhweza kwe-axle, isiteringi nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zeshisisi yemoto.

Ukunqunywa kwe-oda yokulungisa

Umonakalo onqunywe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okubonakalayo uyaqoshwa kushidi ledatha bese kulungiswa okudingekayo (isb. Ukufaka esikhundleni, ukulungisa ingxenye, ukufaka esikhundleni okunye, ukukala, ukudweba, njll.). Imininingwane bese icutshungulwa ngohlelo lokubala ngekhompyutha ukuthola isilinganiso sezindleko zokulungiswa kunani lesikhathi semoto. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungisweni kozimele bezimoto ezilula, njengoba ukulungiswa kozimele bamaloli kunzima kakhulu ukukuhlola kusuka ekuqondisweni.

Ukuxilongwa kohlaka / komzimba

Kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ukuguqulwa kwesiphathi kwenzeka, i-acc. Uhlaka phansi. Imilinganiselo yokulinganisa, amadivayisi wokugxilisa (imishini, i-optical noma i-elekthronikhi) nezinhlelo zokulinganisa zisebenza njengendlela yokwenza izilinganiso. Into eyisisekelo amatafula wobukhulu noma amashidi wokulinganisa womkhiqizi wohlobo lwemoto olunikeziwe.

Ukuxilongwa kweloli (ukulinganisa uhlaka)

Izinhlelo zokuxilongwa kwamaloli ngamaloli iTruckCam, iCelette neBlackhawk zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni ukwehluleka (ukufuduswa) kozimele bokusekela amaloli.

1. Uhlelo lweTruckCam (inguqulo eyisisekelo).

Uhlelo lwenzelwe ukukala nokulungisa i-geometry yamasondo eloli. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukukala ukuzungezisa nokutsheka kohlaka lwemoto uma kuqhathaniswa namanani ayizethenjwa acaciswe ngumkhiqizi wemoto, kanye nenani eliphelele lezinzwane, ukuchezuka kwamasondo nokutsheka nokutsheka kwe-eksisi ye-pivot. Inekhamera enesidlulisi (efakwe ngamandla okuzungeza kuma-diski amasondo usebenzisa amadivayisi ezingalo ezintathu ane-centering ephindaphindwayo), isiteshi sekhompyutha esinohlelo olufanele, iyunithi yokudlulisa umsakazo kanye nabanikazi bamathekisthi abazikhethele abazikhethela bona okunamathiselwe kuhlaka lwemoto.

Izakhi Zokulinganisa ZeloliCam

Ukubukwa kwedivayisi okuzicabangela wena kuphela

Lapho ugongolo lwe-infrared of the transmitter luthatha ilitshe elibukhali eligxile ekugcineni kwesibambi sokuzicabangela, liyabuyiselwa emuva kulensi yekhamera. Njengomphumela, isithombe sethagethi ekhonjiwe siboniswa kungemuva elimnyama. Isithombe sihlaziywa yi-microprocessor yekhamera bese sithumela imininingwane kwikhompyutha, eqeda ukubala kususelwa kuma-engeli amathathu we-alpha, i-beta, i-engela yokuphambuka nebanga ukusuka kulitshe.

Inqubo yokukala:

• abanikazi bamathekisthi abazicabangelayo abanamathele kufreyimu yemoto (ngemuva kohlaka lwemoto)
• uhlelo luthola uhlobo lwemoto bese lungena kumanani wohlaka lwemoto (ububanzi bohlaka lwangaphambili, ububanzi bohlaka lwangemuva, ubude besiphathi sepuleti lokuzicabangela)
• ngosizo lwesigaxa sesigaxa sesithathu esinamandla okugxilisa okuphindaphindwayo, amakhamera agibele ohlangothini lwamasondo emoto
• idatha yethagethi iyafundwa
• abanikazi bokukhombisa abazicabangela bona baqonde maphakathi nohlaka lwemoto
• idatha yethagethi iyafundwa
• abanikazi bokukhombisa abazicabangela bona baqonde ngaphambili kohlaka lwemoto
• idatha yethagethi iyafundwa
• uhlelo lwakha umdwebo obonisa ukuphambuka kozimele kusuka kumanani ayizethenjwa ngamamilimitha (ukubekezelelana okungu-5 mm)

Okubi kwalolu hlelo ukuthi uhlobo oluyisisekelo lohlelo aluhloli ngokuqhubekayo ukuphambuka kwamanani esithenjwa, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, isisebenzi asazi ukuthi yiliphi inani le-offset ngamamilimitha ubukhulu bezinhlaka ezilungisiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi ifreyimu seluliwe, ubukhulu bokuphinda kufanele buphindwe. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlelo oluthile lubhekwa ngabathile ukuthi lufaneleke kakhulu ekulungiseni i-geometry yamasondo futhi lungakulungeli kangako ukulungisa ozimele bamaloli.

2. Isistimu ye-Celette evela eBlackhawk

Izinhlelo zeCelette neBlackhawk zisebenza kumgomo ofana kakhulu nohlelo lweTruckCam oluchazwe ngenhla.

Uhlelo lukaCelette Bette lunesidluliseli se-laser esikhundleni sekhamera, futhi okuqondiwe okunesikali samamilimitha okukhombisa ukususwa kwefreyimu kusuka kusethenjwa kufakwa kubakaki abazicabangela bona esikhundleni sezinhloso ezibonakalisayo. Ubuhle bokusebenzisa le ndlela yokulinganisa lapho kutholwa ukuphambuka kozimele ukuthi isisebenzi singabona ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ukuthi ubukhulu balinganiswa bunjani.

Kuhlelo lweBlackhawk, ithuluzi elikhethekile lokubona i-laser lilinganisa indawo eyisisekelo ye-chassis maqondana nokuma kwamasondo angemuva maqondana nohlaka. Uma ingafani, udinga ukuyifaka. Ungakwazi ukunquma offset amasondo sokunene nesobunxele maqondana ifreyimu, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba unqume ngokunembile offset we oluvala amasondo nokuphambuka amasondo ayo. Uma ukuphambuka noma ukuphambuka kwamasondo kushintsha ku-ekseli eqinile, ezinye izingxenye kufanele zishintshwe. Uma amanani e-ekseli nezikhundla zamasondo zilungile, lawa ngamanani azenzakalelayo okungabhekwa kuwo noma ikuphi ukuguquguquka kohlaka. Kungaba ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ukusikeka esikrinini, ukufuduka kwemishayo yohlaka ohlangothini olude nokuhlanekezela kohlaka endizeni enezingqimba noma eqondile. Amanani okuqondiwe atholwe ekuhlolweni afakiwe, lapho kuphambuka khona amanani afanele. Ngokusho kwabo, kuzonqunywa inqubo yesinxephezelo kanye nohlaka, ngosizo lokuthi yikuphi ukukhubazeka okuzolungiswa. Lokhu kulungiswa kokulungisa ngokuvamile kuthatha usuku lonke.

I-Blackhawk Target

Izithumeli ze-Laser Beam

Ukuxilongwa kwemoto

Uhlaka XNUMXD / usayizi womzimba

Ngozimele we-XNUMXD / ukukala komzimba, kungalinganiswa ubude, ububanzi nokulinganisa kuphela. Akufanelekile ukukala ubukhulu bomzimba wangaphandle.

Uhlaka lwesitezi olunamaphuzu wokulawula ukukala wokulinganisa kwe-XNUMXD

Inzwa yokukhomba

Ingasetshenziselwa ukuchaza ubude, ububanzi, nobukhulu be-diagonal. Uma, lapho ulinganisa idayagonali ukusuka ekumisweni kwesigaxa esingaphambili elingakwesokudla kuye ku-asi engemuva langakwesokunxele, kutholakala ukuphambuka okuyisilinganiso, lokhu kungakhombisa uhlaka oluphansi.

I-ejenti yokufaka isikhungo

Imvamisa iba nezinduku ezintathu zokulinganisa ezibekwa ezindaweni ezithile zokulinganisa kufreyimu phansi. Kukhona izikhonkwane zokukhomba ezindongeni zokulinganisa ongaqondisa ngazo. Amafreyimu wokusekela namafreyimu aphansi afanele uma izikhonkwane ezihlose zimboza bonke ubude besakhiwo lapho kuhloswe.

I-ejenti yokufaka isikhungo

Isebenzisa idivayisi egxila

Isilinganiso somzimba se-XNUMXD

Kusetshenziswa izilinganiso ezinobukhulu obuthathu bamaphoyinti omzimba, zinganqunywa (zilinganiswe) kuma-axial longitudinal, transverse kanye mpo. Ifanele izilinganiso zomzimba ezinembile

Isilinganiso sokulinganisa se-XNUMXD

Ithebula eliqondile ngohlelo lokulinganisa lwendawo yonke

Kulokhu, imoto eyonakalisiwe ivikeleke etafuleni lokulinganisa ngezingqinamba zomzimba. Ngokuzayo, ibhuloho lokulinganisa lifakwa ngaphansi kwemoto, kuyilapho kunesidingo sokukhetha amaphuzu amathathu wokulinganisa umzimba angalimele, amabili awo afana ne-longitudinal axis yemoto. Iphoyinti lokulinganisa lesithathu kufanele libekwe kude ngangokunokwenzeka. Inqola yokulinganisa ibekwe ebhulohweni lokulinganisa, elingashintshwa ngokunembile kumaphoyinti wokulinganisa ngamanye futhi ubukhulu besikhathi eside nobunqamulelayo bungabonakala. I-flap ngayinye yokulinganisa ifakwe izindlu ze-telescopic ezinesikali lapho kufakwa khona amathiphu wokulinganisa. Ngokwelula amathiphu wokulinganisa, isilayida siya emaphoyinti alinganisiwe omzimba ukuze isilinganiso sokuphakama sikwazi ukucaciswa ngokunembile.

Ithebula eliqondile ngohlelo lokulinganisa ngomshini

Uhlelo lokulinganisa olubonakalayo

Okokulinganisa komzimba okubonakalayo kusetshenziswa imishayo ekhanyayo, uhlelo lokulinganisa kumele lubekwe ngaphandle kohlaka lwesisekelo setafula lokulinganisa. Isilinganiso singenziwa futhi ngaphandle kohlaka lokusekelwa kokuma kokulinganisa, uma imoto isestendini noma uma iboshiwe. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusetshenziswa izinduku ezimbili zokulinganisa, ezitholakala ezingeni elifanele ngasemotweni. Ziqukethe i-laser unit, i-splitter splitter kanye namayunithi amaningi we-prismatic. Iyunithi ye-laser idala imisebe yemisebe ehamba ngokufana futhi ibonakale kuphela lapho ishayisana nesithiyo. Isigaxa sogongolo siphambuka ngogongolo lwe-laser lubheke ngasesitimeleni esifushane sokulinganisa futhi ngasikhathi sinye siyivumela ukuthi ihambe ngomugqa oqondile. Amabhulokhi e-prism ahlanekezela ugongolo lwe-laser ngokungaguquguquki ngaphansi kwaphansi kwemoto.

Uhlelo lokulinganisa olubonakalayo

Okungenani amaphoyinti wokulinganisa angalinyaziwe ezindlini kufanele alengiswe ngamarula wepulasitiki asobala futhi alungiswe ngokweshidi lokulinganisa ngokuhambisana nezinto ezihambisanayo ezixhumanisayo. Ngemuva kokuvula iyunithi ye-laser, ukuma kwensimbi yokulinganisa kuyashintsha kuze kube yilapho isibani sokukhanya sishaya indawo ecacisiwe yabaphathi bokulinganisa, engabonakala ngechashazi elibomvu kubabusi bokulinganisa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-laser beam iyafana naphansi kwemoto. Ukunquma ubukhulu bokuphakama obengeziwe bomzimba, kuyadingeka ukubeka amarula wokulinganisa angeziwe ezindaweni zokulinganisa ezahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwemoto. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhambisa izinto ze-prismatic, kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ubukhulu bokuphakama kubabusi bokulinganisa nobukhulu besilinganiso kumzila wokulinganisa. Bese beqhathaniswa neshidi lokulinganisa.

Uhlelo lokulinganisa ngogesi

Kulolu hlelo lokulinganisa, amaphuzu wokulinganisa afanele emzimbeni akhethwa yingalo yokulinganisa ehamba engalweni yomhlahlandlela (noma induku) futhi inethiphu yokulinganisa efanelekayo. Ukuma ngqo kwamaphoyinti wokulinganisa kubalwa yikhompyutha engalweni yokulinganisa futhi amanani alinganisiwe adluliselwa kwikhompyutha yokulinganisa ngomsakazo. Omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu balolu hlobo lwemishini yiCelette, uhlelo lwayo lokulinganisa olunezinhlangothi ezintathu lubizwa nge-NAJA 3.

Uhlelo lokulinganisa ngogesi lweTelemetry olulawulwa yiCelette NAJA computer yokuhlolwa kwezimoto

Inqubo yokukala: Imoto ibekwa entweni yokuphakamisa futhi iphakanyiswe ukuze amasondo ayo angathinti phansi. Ukunquma indawo eyisisekelo yemoto, iphenyo kuqala likhetha amaphuzu amathathu angalimele emzimbeni bese iphenyo isetshenziswa kumaphoyinti wokulinganisa. Amanani alinganisiwe aqhathaniswa namanani agcinwe kukhompyutha yokulinganisa. Lapho uhlola ukuphambuka kobukhulu, umlayezo wephutha noma okufakwayo okuzenzakalelayo (irekhodi) kuphrothokholi yokulinganisa kuyalandela. Uhlelo lungasetshenziselwa ukulungisa (ukudonsa) izimoto ukuze kuhlolwe njalo isikhundla sephoyinti kusiqondisi x, y, z, kanye nangesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwezingxenye zohlaka lomzimba.

Izici zezinhlelo zokulinganisa zomhlaba wonke:

• ngokuya ngesistimu yokulinganisa, kuneshidi lokulinganisa elikhethekile elinamaphuzu wokulinganisa athize ohlobo ngalunye nohlobo lwemoto,
• amathiphu wokulinganisa ayashintshana, kuya ngesimo esidingekayo,
• amaphuzu omzimba angalinganiswa ngeyunithi efakiwe noma ehlukaniswe,
• ingilazi yezimoto ethe njo (noma iqhekekile) akumele isuswe ngaphambi kokulinganisa umzimba, njengoba imunca kuze kufike ku-30% wamandla asontayo omzimba,
• izinhlelo zokulinganisa azikwazi ukuxhasa isisindo semoto futhi azikwazi ukuhlola amandla ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwangemuva,
• ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ezisebenza ngemishayo ye-laser, gwema ukuvezwa ngogongolo lwe-laser,
• Izinhlelo zokulinganisa zomhlaba wonke zisebenza njengamadivayisi wekhompyutha anesoftware yazo yokuxilonga.

Ukuxilongwa kwezithuthuthu

Lapho kubhekwa ubukhulu bohlaka lwesithuthuthu olusetshenziswayo, kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluphezulu oluvela eScheibner Messtechnik, olusebenzisa amadivayisi wokuhlola ukuhlola ngokubambisana nohlelo lokubala indawo efanele yamaphoyinti ngamanye wohlaka lwesithuthuthu.

Imishini yokuhlola i-Scheibner

Ukulungiswa kohlaka / komzimba

Ukulungiswa kohlaka lwamaloli

Njengamanje, ekusebenzeni kokulungisa, izinhlelo zokuqondisa uhlaka lwe-BPL ezivela enkampanini yaseFrance i-Celette kanye ne-Power cage evela enkampanini yaseMelika i-Blackhawk isetshenziswa. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukulinganisa zonke izinhlobo zokuguqulwa, kuyilapho ukwakhiwa kwama-conductor akudingi ukususwa okuphelele kwamafreyimu. Inzuzo ukufakwa kweselula kwemibhoshongo edonsayo yezinhlobo ezithile zezimoto. Amamotho aqondile asebenza ngogesi anamandla okusunduza/wokudonsa angaphezu kwamathani angama-20 asetshenziselwa ukulungisa ubukhulu befreyimu (push/donsa). Ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuvumelanisa amafreyimu nge-offset ecishe ibe imitha eyi-1. Ukulungisa uhlaka lwemoto kusetshenziswa ukushisa ezingxenyeni ezikhubazekile akunconyiwe noma kunqatshelwe kuye ngemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.

Ukuqondisa uhlelo BPL (Celette)

Isici esiyisisekelo sohlelo lokulinganisela isakhiwo sokhonkolo sensimbi, esisekelwa amahange.

Ukubukwa kwesikhulumi sokulinganisa se-BPL

Izindonga zensimbi ezinkulu (imibhoshongo) zivumela amafreyimu ukuthi adudulwe futhi adonswe ngaphandle kokufudumeza, afakwa ngokuhamba emasondweni alula lapho isandla sidonsa isigwedlo sihamba, siphakamisa ibha futhi singahanjiswa. Ngemuva kokukhipha isigwedlo, amasondo afakwa esakhiweni se-traverse (umbhoshongo), futhi yonke indawo yayo ihleli phansi, lapho inanyathiselwa esakhiweni sikakhonkolo kusetshenziswa amadivayisi okubopha anezinsimbi zensimbi.

Dabula nesibonelo sokubopha esakhiweni sesisekelo

Kodwa-ke, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqondisa ifreyimu yemoto ngaphandle kokuyikhipha. Lokhu kwenzeka kuye ngokuthi kukuphi lapho kufanele ukusekela ifreyimu, ngokulandelana. liphi iphuzu lokuPhusha. Lapho uqondisa ifreyimu (isibonelo esingezansi) kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ibha yesikhala engena phakathi kwemishayo emibili yohlaka.

Ukulimala ngemuva kohlaka

Ukulungiswa kohlaka ngemuva kokuqaqa izingxenye

Ngemuva kokulinganiswa, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okubuyiselwe kwento, kuvela ama-overhangs wendawo amaphrofayli wohlaka, angasuswa kusetshenziswa i-jig hydraulic.

Ilungisa ukukhubazeka kwasendaweni kozimele

Ukuhlela amakhabethe ngezinhlelo zeCelette

Uma kunesidingo sokuvumelanisa amakamelo amaloli, lo msebenzi ungenziwa usebenzisa:

• uhlelo oluchazwe ngenhla kusetshenziswa amadivayisi wokudonsa (enqamula) kusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwamane ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqaqa,

Umfanekiso wokusetshenziswa kombhoshongo omude wokulinganisa amakamelo

•  ukusebenzisa ibhentshi elikhethekile lokuqondisa i-Celette Menyr 3 elinemibhoshongo emibili yamamitha amane (ezimele ngohlaka lomhlabathi); imibhoshongo ingasuswa futhi isetshenziselwe ukudonsa uphahla lwamabhasi futhi kuhlaka lomhlabathi,

Isihlalo esikhethekile sokuhlala samakamelo

Uhlelo lokuqinisa ikheji (iBlackhawk)

Idivayisi yehlukile ohlelweni lokulinganisa i-Celette, ikakhulukazi, ekutheni ifreyimu esekelayo inezinsika ezinkulu ngamamitha ayi-18 ubude, lapho imoto eyakhahlazeka izokwakhiwa khona. Idivayisi ilungele izimoto ezinde, ama-semi-trailer, abavuni, amabhasi, ama-cranes nezinye izindlela.

Amandla aqine futhi acindezelayo amathani angama-20 noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokulinganisa anikezwa ngamaphampu wokubacindezela. IBlackhawk inezinamathiseli ezihlukene zokusunduza nokudonsa. Imibhoshongo yedivayisi ingasuswa ohlangothini olude futhi amasilinda wokubacindezela angafakwa kuyo. Amandla abo okudonsa adluliselwa ngamaketanga anamandla wokuqondisa. Inqubo yokulungisa idinga ulwazi oluningi nolwazi lwezingcindezi nobunzima. Isinxephezelo sokushisa asikaze sisetshenziswe, ngoba singaphazamisa ukwakheka kwento. Umkhiqizi wale divayisi uyakuvimbela lokhu. Ukulungiswa kozimele abakhubazekile ngaphandle kokuqaqa izingxenye ezithile zemoto nezingxenye ezikule divayisi kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezintathu. Ezimweni ezilula, ingaqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa ama-pulley drives akhulisa ukuqina noma amandla wokucindezela abe ngamathani angama-40. Noma ikuphi ukungalingani okuvundlile okuncane kufanele kulungiswe ngendlela efanayo nakuhlelo lweCelette BPL.

Isiteshi seRovnation Blackhawk

Kulesi siteshi sokuhlela, ungahlela nezakhiwo, ngokwesibonelo, emabhasini.

Ukuqondisa ukwakhiwa kwamabhasi

Ukulungiswa kwamafreyimu amaloli anezingxenye ezikhubazekile ezishisayo - ukushintshwa kwezingxenye zefreyimu

Ezimweni zezinsizakalo ezigunyaziwe, ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okhubazekile izingxenye lapho kuqondiswa ozimele bezimoto kusetshenziswa kuphela isilinganiso esilinganiselwe, ngokuya ngezincomo zabakhiqizi bezimoto. Uma ukufudumeza okunjalo kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi, ukufudumeza kokungeniswa kuyasetshenziswa. Ubuhle bale ndlela ngaphezu kokushisa kwelangabi ukuthi esikhundleni sokufudumeza ubuso, kungenzeka ukushisa indawo eyonakele ngokuqonde ngqo. Ngale ndlela, ukulimala nokudilizwa kokufakwa kukagesi nocingo lomoya lweplastiki akwenzeki. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokuguqulwa ekwakhiweni kwento, okuyi-coarsening yamabele, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushisa okungafanele uma kwenzeka kube nephutha lokukhanda.

Induction yokushisa idivayisi i-Alesco 3000 (amandla 12 kW)

Ukushintshwa kwezingxenye zozimele kuvame ukwenziwa ezimweni zezinsizakalo "zegaraji", ngokulandelana. lapho kulungiswa ozimele bezimoto, zenziwa zodwa. Lokhu kufaka ukufaka ezinye izingxenye zikakhubazekile (ukuzisika) bese uzifaka ngezingxenye zozimele ezithathwe kwenye imoto engalimele. Ngesikhathi salokhu kulungiswa, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukufaka nokuhlanganisa ingxenye yozimele ohlakeni lokuqala.

Ukulungiswa kozimele bezimoto zabagibeli

Ukulungiswa komzimba kulandela ingozi yemoto kususelwa kuzindawo zokunamathisela ngazinye zezingxenye ezinkulu zemoto (isib. Ama-asi, injini, amahinji omnyango, njll.). Izindiza zokulinganisa ngazinye zinqunywa ngumenzi, futhi nenqubo yokulungisa nayo icacisiwe kumanuwali yokulungisa izimoto. Ngesikhathi sokuzilungisa uqobo, izixazululo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka zisetshenziselwa amafreyimu wokulungisa akhelwe phansi phansi kwezindawo zokusebenzela noma izitulo zokuqondisa.

Ngesikhathi sengozi yomgwaqo, umzimba uguqula amandla amaningi abe yi-deformation deformation, ngokulandelana. amashidi omzimba. Lapho ulinganisa umzimba, amandla aqinile ngokwanele nawokucindezela ayadingeka, asetshenziswa ngokudonsa amandla nokubhoboza amadivayisi. Umgomo ngukuthi amandla okusonteka emuva kufanele aphikisane nesiqondiso samandla okusonteka.

Amathuluzi Wokulinganisa we-Hydraulic

Ziqukethe umshini wokucindezela kanye nemoto eqondile yokubacindezela exhunywe ngepayipi lokucindezela okukhulu. Endabeni yesilinda somfutho ophakeme, induku ye-piston idlulela ngaphansi kwesenzo sengcindezi ephezulu; esimweni sesilinda eseluliwe, iyahlehla. Imikhawulo yensimbi eyisilinda ne-piston kufanele isekwe ngesikhathi sokuminyanisa nokukhulisa izibopho kufanele kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa.

Amathuluzi Wokulinganisa we-Hydraulic

Ilift umfutholuketshezi (ngogandaganda)

Siqukethe ugongolo ovundlile nekholomu efakwe ekugcineni kwayo nethuba lokujikeleza, lapho isilinda sengcindezi singahamba khona. Idivayisi yokululama ingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela kumatafula wokulinganisa uma kwenzeka kulimala okuncane kuya naphakathi emzimbeni, okungadingi amandla amakhulu kakhulu. Umzimba kufanele uvikeleke kumaphoyinti acaciswe ngumenzi ngezinsimbi ze-chassis kanye namapayipi wokusekelwa kugongqo oluvundlile.

Izandiso ze-Hydraulic (bulldozers) zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene;

Ithebula eliqondisayo elinedivayisi yokuqondisa i-hydraulic

Isihlalo sokuqondisa siqukethe ifreyimu eqinile ebamba amandla wokuqondisa. Izimoto zinamathiselwe kuyo ngomphetho ongezansi wesigxobo sill usebenzisa izibopho (izibopho). Idivayisi yokulinganisa i-hydraulic ingafakwa kalula noma kuphi etafuleni lokulinganisa.

Ithebula eliqondisayo elinedivayisi yokuqondisa i-hydraulic

Ukulimala okukhulu komzimba kungabuye kulungiswe ngamabhentshi wokulinganisa. Ukulungiswa okwenziwe ngale ndlela kulula ukukufeza kunokusebenzisa isandiso se-hydraulic, ngoba ukuguqulwa komzimba okuphambene nomzimba kungenzeka endaweni eqonde ngqo ekuguqulweni komzimba kokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa amazinga we-hydraulic ngokususelwa kumgomo we-vector. Leli gama lingaqondwa njengamadivayisi wokuqondisa angelula noma acindezele isitho somzimba esikhubazekile kunoma iyiphi indlela yendawo.

Ukushintsha ukuqondiswa kwamandla e-reverse deformation

Uma, ngenxa yengozi, ngaphezu kokuguqulwa komzimba okuvundlile, ukushiyeka nakho kwenzeka eceleni kwe-eksisi yayo eqondile, umzimba kufanele uhlehliswe yidivayisi yokuqondisa usebenzisa i-roller. Amandla aqine abe esesebenza esiqondisweni esiphambene ngqo namandla e-deformation okuqala.

Ukushintsha ukuqondiswa kwamandla e-reverse deformation

Izincomo zokulungiswa komzimba (ukuqondiswa)

• ukuqondiswa komzimba kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye zomzimba ezingalungiseki zihlukaniswe,
• uma ukuqondiswa kungenzeka, kwenziwa kubanda,
• uma ukudweba okubandayo kungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwengozi yokuqhekeka kokuqukethwe, ingxenye ekhubazekile ingafudunyezwa endaweni enkulu kusetshenziswe isibhengezo esifanele sokuzikhiqiza; kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa kwento akufanele leqe ama-700 ° (obomvu obomvu) ngenxa yezinguquko zesakhiwo,
• ngemuva kokugqoka ngakunye kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuma kwamaphoyinti wokulinganisa,
• ukuze kutholakale izilinganiso zomzimba ezinembile ngaphandle kokungezwani, isakhiwo kufanele soluleke kancane kunosayizi odingekayo wokuqina,
• izingxenye ezithwala imithwalo eziqhekekile noma eziphukile kumele zishintshwe ngezizathu zokuphepha,
• ukudonsa amaketanga kufanele kuvikelwe ngentambo.

Ukulungiswa kozimele wesithuthuthu

Umdwebo: 3.31, Ukubukwa kwesiteshi sokugqoka izithuthuthu

I-athikili inikeza ukubuka konke kwezinhlaka zohlaka, ukulimaza ukuxilongwa, kanye nezindlela zesimanje zokulungisa ozimele kanye nezinhlaka ezisekelayo zezimoto zomgwaqo. Lokhu kunikeza abanikazi bezimoto ezilimele amandla okuzisebenzisa kabusha ngaphandle kokufaka ezinye esikhundleni sazo, okuvame ukuholela ekongeni kakhulu kwezezimali. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwamafreyimu owonakele kanye nezakhiwo ezingaphezulu akunawo nje kuphela umnotho kepha nezinzuzo zemvelo.