Izinto eziyishumi okufanele uzihlole emotweni yakho ngaphambi kobusika

Bheka ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zemoto okufanele uzihlole ukuze kuphephe ukushayela ebusika, futhi injini ivutha ngisho nayisithwathwa esishubile.

Ubusika yisikhathi esinzima kakhulu kubashayeli. Ukuhlwa okushesha ukuwa, izindawo ezishelelayo kanye neqhwa kudala izimo eziyingozi emigwaqweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isithwathwa singakwazi ukwenza imoto epakwe ngaphandle ingakwazi ukuhamba. Ukuze imoto ingaphumeleli futhi iqale injini ekuseni ngeqhwa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuze ingabi usongo emgwaqeni, kufanele ilungiselelwe kahle ngalesi sikhathi. Asikwazi ukuhlola amafindo amaningi ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile. Kuhle uma umakhenikha enza lokhu, isibonelo, lapho eshintsha amathayi. Sabuza abasebenzi abanolwazi lweziteshi eziningana zesevisi ukuthi yini okufanele banake ngokukhethekile ekwindla. Sikhethe amaphuzu ayishumi okudingeka uwahlole imoto ngaphambi kobusika.

Bheka futhi: Amathayi asebusika - nini ukushintsha, yikuphi ukukhetha, yini okufanele uyikhumbule. Umhlahlandlela 

1. Ibhethri

Ngaphandle kwebhethri elisebenzayo, ungakhohlwa ukuqala injini. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kobusika, kufanelekile ukuhlola isimo sokushaja kwebhethri namandla ayo okuqala esikhungweni sesevisi. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umhloli okhethekile. Omakhenikha kufanele bahlole nesistimu kagesi yemoto. Ibhethri lingaphela ngenxa yesifunda esifushane ekufakeni, noma i-alternator ingase ingakwazi ukuyishaja ngenkathi ushayela.

Khumbula ukuthi ama-pantograph akumele ashiywe evuliwe ebusuku: izibani zangaphambili ezicwilisiwe noma amalambu asemaceleni, umsakazo, ukukhanya kwangaphakathi. Bese kuba lula ukukhipha ibhethri. 

Abanye omakhenikha batusa ukuthi ekuseni okuneqhwa, ngaphambi kokuqala imoto, vula ibhethri - khanyisa ukukhanya imizuzwana embalwa.

"Esithwathwaneni esinamandla -XNUMX degree, ungakwazi ukuyisa ibhethri ekhaya ebusuku," kusho u-Rafal Kulikovsky, umeluleki wesevisi kwaToyota Dealer, Auto Park e-Bialystok. – Njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, amandla kagesi ebhethri ayancipha. Uma singasebenzisi imoto isikhathi esidekungcono ugcine ibhethri indawo efudumele.

Nqamula ibhethri, uqale ngetheminali "-", bese u-"+". Xhuma ngokulandelana. 

Amabhethri athengisiwe okwamanje awalungiswa mahhala. Ebusika, kungaba kuhle ukubona ukuthi yimuphi umbala okuthiwa. iso eliwumlingo litholakala kukesi lebhethri. Okuluhlaza kusho ukuthi ibhethri ishajiwe, okumnyama kusho ukuthi idinga ukushajwa, futhi okumhlophe noma okuphuzi kusho ukuthi ibhethri idinga ukushintshwa ngelentsha. Ngokujwayelekile kufanele uyithenge njalo eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu. Uma kuvela ukuthi ibhethri ishajwe kancane, kufanele ishajwe kabusha ngokuyixhuma eshaja.

Uma sinebhethri yesevisi, kufanele sihlole ileveli ye-electrolyte. Senza ukushiyeka kwayo ngamanzi a-distilled.

Bheka futhi: Ibhethri lemoto - lithengwa kanjani futhi nini? Umhlahlandlela 

2. Ijeneretha

Kubalulekile ukukala umsinga wokushaja. I-alternator ishaja ibhethri ngenkathi ushayela futhi iwumthombo wamandla lapho injini isebenza. Uphawu olubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwejeneretha ukuvutha kwesibani esiyisixwayiso sebhethri ngenkathi ushayela. Lokhu kuwuphawu kumshayeli ukuthi i-current ikhishiwe ebhethrini futhi ayikashajwa.

Kuhle uma uchwepheshe ehlola futhi isimo sebhande le-alternator accessory, elaziwa nangokuthi i-V-belt noma ibhande le-multi-groove, ukuze uthole imifantu. Esimweni esinjalo, kuzodinga ukushintshwa.

Bheka futhi: Isiqalisi ne-alternator. Ukungasebenzi kahle nezindleko zokulungisa 

3. Amapulaki akhanyayo nama-spark plug

Amapulagi akhanyayo atholakala ezimotweni ezinezinjini zikadizili. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokushisa kuqala igumbi lomlilo, futhi ngemva kokuguqula ukhiye kukhiye wokuthungela, bathatha ugesi ebhethrini ngale njongo. Abasasebenzi beshayela. Inani lamapulaki akhanyayo lihambisana nenani lamasilinda enjini. Esikhungweni senkonzo, hlola isimo sabo nge-multimeter, noma ngabe bafudumala kahle.

Amapulagi ashisiwe azodala inkinga ukuqalisa imoto yakho kubanda. Kungase kwenzeke ukuthi siqale injini ngemva kokuduma isikhathi eside kwesiqalisi, noma singakwazi nhlobo ukukwenza. Ukuphaphama komshayeli kufanele kube injini engalingani esebenza ngokushesha ngemva kokuyiqala, okungasho ukuthi i-spark plugs eyodwa noma amabili ahlulekile. Ezinye izimpawu yilambu eliphuzi ikhoyili elingacimi ngemva kokuvula i-ignition key kanye nesibani senjini. Akudingekile ukufaka esikhundleni sawo wonke ama-plug akhanyayo, angalungile kuphela, ngoba anempilo ende yesevisi, ukumelana namakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amaningana.

Ama-Spark plug asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinezinjini zikaphethiloli ashintshwa ngemva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi olunconywe umenzi wemoto. Ngokuvamile leli liyimayela lezinkulungwane ezingama-60. km ukuya ku-120 km. Kungumqondo omuhle ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kobusika ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho uma ulindele ushintsho lwe-spark plug ngoDisemba noma ngoJanuwari. Sizokonga isikhathi sokuvakashela iworkshop. Ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zingxenye akulawuleki. Nokho, kuyasiza umakhenikha ukuhlola ibanga phakathi kwama-electrode. Ama-spark plugs angalungile angadalwa yizinkinga zokuqalisa injini, ukusebenza kwayo okungalingani kanye namajeki, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa.

Bheka futhi: Uhlelo lokuthungela - isimiso sokusebenza, ukugcinwa, ukuwohloka, ukulungiswa. Umhlahlandlela 

4. Izintambo zokuthungela

Elinye igama labo amakhebuli kagesi aphezulu. Zingatholakala ezimotweni ezindala, kodwa ziseziningi izimoto zentsha emigwaqweni yasePoland. Ezimotweni zamanje, izintambo zishintshiwe ngamakhoyili namamojula okulawula.

Ekwindla, kungaba kuhle ukuhlola ngokubukeka ukuthi izintambo zibukeka kanjani. Uma igugile noma iqhekekile, yishintshe. Ngokufanayo, uma siqaphela ukuthi sinokuphuka kwamanje lapho izintambo ziba manzi. Ukuze uhlole ama-punctures, phakamisa i-hood ngemva kokumnyama noma egalaji elimnyama. Yiqiniso, njengoba injini isebenza - uma sibona izinhlansi ezintanjeni, lokhu kuzosho ukuthi kukhona ukubhoboza.

Izintambo zidlulisela amandla kagesi kuma-spark plug. Uma kukhona ama-puncture, ukushaja kagesi okuncane kakhulu kuzokwenza kube nzima ukuqalisa idrayivu. Injini izophinde isebenze ngendlela engalingani bese iklinya ngenkathi ushayela.

Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole igalari yezithombe - izinto ezingu-10 okufanele uzihlole emotweni yakho ngaphambi kobusika

5. Ukucindezelwa kweTire

Kufanele zihlolwe njalo, okungenani kanye njalo emasontweni amathathu nangaphambi kokuhamba ngakunye. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla, ingcindezi emathayini iyancipha. Okungalungile kuholela ekushiseni okukhulu kanye nokuguga kwamasondo okusheshayo nokungalingani. Kuyingozi futhi ngoba kwenza ukushayela kube nzima.

– Isixazululo esihle ukufutha amasondo nge-nitrogen, igcina ingcindezi edingekayo izikhathi eziningana kunomoya, kusho u-Jacek Baginski, umphathi wesevisi ye-Mazda Gołembiewscy e-Białystok.

Indlela elula yokuhlola ingcindezi egalaji likaphethiloli ukusebenzisa i-compressor. Kulesi simo, amasondo kufanele abe abandayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukucindezela kufanele kufane kulelo nalelosondo lamasondo. Ulwazi mayelana nengcindezi efanele yemoto yethu lungatholakala ngaphakathi kweflaphu yokugcwalisa uphethiloli, kusinamathiseli esiseduze nensika eseceleni, endaweni yamagilavu, noma encwadini yemiyalelo yomnikazi wemoto.

Bheka futhi: Abashayeli abanandaba nengcindezi yamasondo. Isifunda saseLublin yisona esibi kakhulu 

6. Ukusetha ukukhanya

Kuba mnyama ngokushesha ebusika, futhi amalambu angabekwa kahle angakhanyi kahle emgwaqeni noma abashayeli abangaboni bezimoto ezizayo. Izibani zesevisi - okungcono esiteshini sokuxilonga - akufanele zifakwe ngaphambi kobusika kuphela, kodwa futhi nangemva kokushintshwa kwe-bulb ngayinye.

Ukucubungula kwenziwa endaweni eyisicaba, imoto akufanele ilayishwe, ingcindezi emasondo kufanele ilungile. Kubalulekile ukuthi umakhenikha noma uchwepheshe wokuxilonga akwazi ukulungisa kahle izibani zangaphambili esebenzisa umshini wokulinganisa okhethekile.

Izimoto eziningi ziphinde zibe nesistimu yokulungisa amalambu. Ukulungiswa kwe-switch ku-dashboard kufanele kwenziwe uma sihamba nabagibeli nemithwalo, ngoba uma imoto ilayishiwe, ingaphambili lemoto lizophakama.

Bheka futhi: Ukushayela okuphephile ebusuku - ukuthi uzilungiselela kanjani, yini okufanele uyibheke 

7. Ukupholisa

Kubalulekile ukuhlola indawo yayo yokuqandisa nge-glycometer ukuze ugweme ukubanda. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuqhuma kwe-radiator.

“Imikhiqizo etholakala emakethe inezinga lokuqhwaza lika-minus 35 noma susa 37 degrees Celsius,” kusho u-Jakub Sosnowski, omunye wabanikazi be-Diversa evela e-Białystok, edayisa uwoyela noketshezi olusebenzayo phakathi kwezinye izinto. – Uma kudingekile, gcwalisa izinga le-liquid, kungcono ukugcwalisa umkhiqizo oqediwe, inqobo nje uma lowo osethangini unemingcele efanele. Sengeza ukugxilisa ingqondo uma sifuna ukubuyisela le mingcele.

Umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezipholile usesisekelweni esenziwa ngaso: i-ethylene glycol (evame ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kanye ne-propylene glycol (evame ukuluhlaza) kanye nemikhiqizo engenayo i-silicate. Khumbula ukuthi i-ethylene glycol ayihambisani ne-propylene glycol futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Umbala awunandaba, ukwakheka kubalulekile. Isipholisi sishintshwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.

Bheka futhi: Uhlelo lokupholisa - ukushintshwa koketshezi futhi uhlole ngaphambi kobusika. Umhlahlandlela 

8. Amawipha noketshezi lwewasha

Kufanele uhlole i-blade ukuze ubone izinyembezi, ukusikeka, noma imihuzuko. Khona-ke kudingeka ukushintshwa. Izimpaphe nazo zidinga ukushintshwa lapho zikhala futhi azikwazi ukubhekana nokukhipha amanzi noma iqhwa engilazini, kushiya imivimbo. Ebusika, ungasebenzisi ama-wipers engilazini ehlanganiswe neqhwa, ngoba izowohloka ngokushesha. Ama-windshield wiper kufanele ashintshwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Uketshezi lwewasha lomshini womoya wasehlobo kufanele kushintshwe uketshezi lwewasha yasebusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, owokuqala udinga nje ukusetshenziswa. Kungcono ukuthenga eyodwa enezinga lokushisa elibandayo okungenani elingu-20 degrees Celsius. Ikhwalithi yoketshezi ibalulekile. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi uketshezi olushibhe kakhulu.

Uketshezi olusezingeni eliphansi lungabanda ku-minus degree degree Celsius. Uma uketshezi luba yiqhwa engilazini, ngeke ukwazi ukubona lutho. Ukwengeza, ukuzama ukuqala ama-washers kungashaya i-fuse noma kulimaze ipompo ye-washer. Uketshezi oluqandisiwe lungabangela nokuthi ithangi liqhume. Imikhiqizo eshibhe kakhulu futhi ivame ukuba nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-methanol. Lokhu-ke kuyingozi empilweni yomshayeli nabagibeli.

Isitsha samalitha amahlanu soketshezi lwewasha yasebusika ngokuvamile sibiza cishe u-20 PLN.

Bheka futhi: Izisusi zezimoto - ukushintshwa, izinhlobo, amanani. I-Photoguide 

9. Ukumiswa

Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukudlala ekumisweni nasekushayeleni imoto, okungaphazamisa ukuphatha. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka kakhulu ama-shock absorbers. Uma sezigugile, ibanga lokuma lizoba lide, okuzoba yingozi kakhulu ezindaweni ezishelelayo lapho imoto ithatha isikhathi eside ukuma. Uma ugoqa amakhona ngama-absorber agugile, kuzoba lula ukushelela futhi umzimba uzonyakaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezimunca ukushaqeka ezinephutha zifushanisa ukuphila kwesondo.

Akulimazi ukuhlola amandla okudambisa ama-absorbers ethusayo endleleni yokuxilonga. Kuyasiza ukuthi umakhenikha ahlole ukuthi izinto zokudonsa ukushaqeka ziqinisiwe yini nokuthi uwoyela ugeleza yini kuzo, uma kukhona okudlalwayo ezikhonweni zokudonsa ukushaqeka.

Lapho uhlola isimo sokumiswa, futhi ikakhulukazi ngemva kokulungiswa kwayo, kufanelekile ukuhlola i-geometry yayo. Ukuhlelwa kwesondo okungalungile akuhlanganisi nje kuphela ukuguga kwesondo ngokushesha, kodwa futhi nasekusimameni kwemoto lapho ushayela.

Bheka futhi: Ama-shock absorbers - kanjani futhi kungani kufanele uwanakekele. Umhlahlandlela 

10. Amabhuleki

UGrzegorz Krul, inhloko yesikhungo sezimoto iMartom e-Białystok, usikhumbuza ukuthi ngaphambi kobusika kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukushuba kwamaphedi nesimo sama-brake disc. Kuyoba kuhle futhi ukuhlola ama-hoses ama-brake - aguquguqukayo kanye nensimbi. Endabeni yangaphambili, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ziphelele futhi azikho engozini yokuphazanyiswa. Insimbi yona yona iyagqwala. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwebhuleki lesandla.

Endleleni yokuxilonga, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okubopha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi phakathi kwama-axles kwesokunxele nakwesokudla wemoto. Ebusika, amandla okubhuleka angalingani angaholela kalula ekushibilikeni. Uma umgwaqo ushelela, imoto izontengantenga lapho ibhreka futhi ingase ilahlwe.

Ekwindla, umakhenikha kufanele ahlole ikhwalithi ye-brake fluid emotweni yethu.

"Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imitha ekhethekile, uketshezi luhlolwa ukuthi alukho yini amanzi," kusho uTadeusz Winski, inhloko yenkonzo yakwaFiat Polmozbyt Plus eBiałystok. – Iwuketshezi oluyi-hygroscopic, okusho ukuthi imunca umswakama.

Bheka futhi: Isistimu yamabhuleki - nini ukushintsha amaphedi, amadiski kanye noketshezi - umhlahlandlela 

I-brake fluid kufanele ishintshwe njalo eminyakeni emibili. Amanzi akuwo ehlisa izinga lokubila. Ingashisisa ngisho nangaphansi kwe-braking enzima. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kwamabhuleki kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Izimoto eziningi zidinga ukusetshenziswa koketshezi lwebanga le-DOT-4. Uma sidinga ukugcwalisa izinga le-liquid ethangini, khumbula ukungeza umkhiqizo ofanayo osuvele ukuwo. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole izinga le-brake fluid okungenani kanye ngenyanga. 

Petr Valchak