Izifunda Eziyishumi Eziphezulu Ezikhiqiza Ukotini eNdiya

Uma kuziwa ekukhiqizeni ukotini, iNdiya ihamba phambili emhlabeni. Ukotini uthathwa njengesilimo semali esihamba phambili e-India futhi unegalelo elikhulu emnothweni wezwe wezolimo. Ukutshalwa kukakotini eNdiya kudla cishe u-6% wamanzi atholakalayo ezwe kanye nama-44.5% esamba sezibulala-zinambuzane. I-India ikhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo ezisezingeni lokuqala embonini kakotini emhlabeni wonke futhi ithola imali enkulu evela ekukhiqizweni kukakotini minyaka yonke.

Ukukhiqizwa kukakotini kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nomhlabathi, izinga lokushisa, isimo sezulu, izindleko zabasebenzi, umanyolo, namanzi anele noma imvula. Kunezifundazwe eziningi eNdiya ezikhiqiza inani elikhulu likakotini njalo ngonyaka, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kuyehluka kuye ngokwezifundazwe. Nalu uhlu lwezifunda eziyishumi ezihamba phambili ezikhiqiza ukotini eNdiya ngo-10 ezizokunikeza umbono ocacile wesimo sokukhiqiza ukotini kazwelonke.

10. I-Gujrat

Njalo ngonyaka, iGujarat ikhiqiza amabhala kakotini angaba ngu-95, okungamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 omkhiqizo kakotini ophelele ezweni. I-Gujarat iyindawo ekahle yokutshala ukotini. Noma ngabe izinga lokushisa, inhlabathi, ukutholakala kwamanzi nomanyolo, noma izindleko zabasebenzi, yonke into ivuna ukuchelelwa kukakotini. EGujarat, cishe amahektha angama-30 omhlaba asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukotini, okuyingqophamlando ngempela. IGujarat yaziwa kakhulu ngemboni yendwangu futhi kungalesi sifundazwe kuphela lapho kukhiqizwa khona imali eningi yezwe yezindwangu. Kunezinkampani eziningi zendwangu emadolobheni amakhulu afana ne-Ahmedabad ne-Surat, kanti i-Arvind Mills, i-Raymond, i-Reliance Textiles kanye ne-Shahlon ithandwa kakhulu.

9. Maharashtra

Mayelana nokukhiqizwa kukakotini okuphelele eNdiya, iMaharashtra ingeyesibili ngemuva kweGujarat. Akushiwo, izwe linezinkampani eziningi zendwangu ezinkulu ezifana neWardhman Textiles, Alok Industries, Welspun India kanye neBombay Dyeing. I-Maharashtra ikhiqiza amabhala kakotini angaba ngu-89 lakh njalo ngonyaka. Njengoba i-Maharashtra inkulu kune-Gujrat; umhlaba otholakalayo wokulima ukotini nawo mkhulu e-Maharashtra, olinganiselwa kumahektha angama-41 lakh. Izifunda ezinkulu ezifaka isandla kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kukakotini esifundazweni zifaka i-Amravati, Wardha, Vidarbha, Marathwada, Akola, Khandesh kanye neYavatmal.

8. U-Andhra Pradesh noTelangana Kuhlanganiswe

Ngo-2014, uTelangana wahlukaniswa no-Andhra Pradesh futhi wanikezwa ngokusemthethweni ukuqashelwa okuhlukile kombuso ukuze enze ukuhlela kabusha ulimi. Uma sihlanganisa lezi zifunda ezimbili futhi sicabangela idatha kuze kufike ku-2014, ibhizinisi elihlanganisiwe likhiqiza amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6641 kakotini ngonyaka. Uma ubheka idatha yomuntu ngamunye, uTelangana uyakwazi ukukhiqiza amabhala kakotini angaba ngu-48-50 lakh kanti i-Andhra Pradesh ingakhiqiza cishe amabhala angu-19-20 lakh. I-Telangana iyodwa ikleliswe endaweni yesithathu phakathi kwezifunda ezingu-3 ezihamba phambili ezikhiqiza ukotini e-India, phambilini eyayiphethwe u-Andhra Pradesh. Njengoba i-Telangana iyisifunda esisanda kwakhiwa, uhulumeni wesifunda uhlala ethula ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi uletha imishini yesimanje endaweni yesigameko ukuze kusheshiswe ukukhiqizwa futhi kusize kakhulu emalini yezwe neyezwe kakotini.

7. Karnataka

I-Karnataka ikleliswe endaweni yesi-4 ngamabhala kakotini angama-21 lakh unyaka ngamunye. Izifunda eziyinhloko zaseKarnataka ezinokukhiqiza ukotini okuphezulu yiRaichur, iBellary, iDharwad neGulbarga. I-Karnataka yenza u-7% wengqikithi yokukhiqizwa kukakotini wezwe. Isamba esihle somhlaba, esingaba amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyisi-7.5, sisetshenziselwa ukutshala ukotini esifundazweni. Izinto ezifana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nakho kusekela ukukhiqizwa kukakotini e-Karnataka.

6. EHaryana

IHaryana ikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu ekukhiqizeni ukotini. Ikhiqiza amabhala kakotini angaba ngu-5-20 lakh ngonyaka. Izifunda ezinkulu ezifaka isandla ekukhiqizweni kukakotini eHaryana yiSirsa, iHisar neFatehabad. IHaryana ikhiqiza u-21% wawo wonke ukotini okhiqizwa eNdiya. Ezolimo zingenye yezindawo eziyinhloko ezithi iHaryana nePunjab kugxilwe kuzo kakhulu futhi lezi zifundazwe zisebenzisa imikhuba yesigaba sokuqala nomanyolo ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa nokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngaphezulu kwamahektha ayizi-6 omhlaba asetshenziswa eHaryana ukukhiqiza ukotini.

5. Madhya Pradesh

I-Madhya Pradesh iphinda iqhudelane kakhulu nezifunda ezifana ne-Haryana ne-Punjab mayelana nokukhiqizwa kukakotini. Amabhala kakotini angu-21 lakh akhiqizwa minyaka yonke eMadhya Pradesh. IBhopal, iShajapur, iNimar, iRatlam nezinye izifunda ziyizindawo eziphambili zokukhiqiza ukotini eMadhya Pradesh. Ngaphezulu kwamahektha angama-5 omhlaba asetshenziselwa ukutshala ukotini eMadhya Pradesh. Imboni kakotini iphinde idale imisebenzi eminingi esifundazweni. I-Madhya Pradesh ikhiqiza cishe u-4-4-5% wawo wonke ukotini okhiqizwa eNdiya.

4. Rajasthan

I-Rajasthan ne-Punjab zihlinzeka cishe ngamanani alinganayo kakotini engqikithini yokukhiqizwa kukakotini wase-India. I-Rajasthan ikhiqiza amabhala kakotini angaba ngu-17-18 lakh kanti i-Confederation of Indian Textile Industry nayo iyasebenza ezifundeni eziningi zase-Rajasthan ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kanye nokwethula izindlela zokulima ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezulu kwamahektha angu-4 omhlaba asetshenziselwa ukutshala ukotini e-Rajasthan. Izindawo eziphambili ezitshala ukotini esifundazweni zifaka iGanganagar, Ajmer, Jalawar, Hanumangarh kanye neBhilwara.

3. IsiPunjab

I-Punjab iphinda ikhiqize inani elikhulu likakotini elilingana ne-Rajasthan. Ngonyaka, inani eliphelele lokukhiqizwa kukakotini ePunjab lingaba amabhala ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9-10. I-Punjab yaziwa ngokotini wekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu futhi inhlabathi evundile, ukutholakala kwamanzi amaningi kanye nezindawo zokunisela ezanele kuyalifakazela leli qiniso. Izindawo eziyinhloko zasePunjab ezaziwa ngokukhiqiza ukotini yiLudhiana, iBhatinda, iMoga, iMansa neFarikot. I-Ludhiana idume ngezindwangu zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezinkampani zendwangu ezinobuhlakani.

2. IsiTamil Nadu

I-Tamil Nadu ikleliswe endaweni yesi-9 kulolu hlu. Isimo sezulu nekhwalithi yenhlabathi e-Tamil Nadu ayivelele, kodwa uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izifundazwe zase-India ezingafakiwe kulolu hlu, i-Tamil Nadu ikhiqiza inani elihloniphekile likakotini wekhwalithi, naphezu kwezimo zezulu ezijwayelekile kanye nezinsiza. Umbuso ukhiqiza amabhala kakotini angaba yizinkulungwane ezi-5-6 ngonyaka.

1. Orissa

I-Orissa ikhiqiza inani elincane likakotini uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izifundazwe ezishiwo ngenhla. Ikhiqiza amabhala kakotini ayizigidi ezi-3 isiyonke njalo ngonyaka. I-Subernpur iyisifunda esikhulu esikhiqiza ukotini e-Orissa.

Ngaphambi kuka-1970, ukukhiqizwa kukakotini waseNdiya kwakunganaki njengoba kwakuncike ekuthengisweni kwempahla eluhlaza evela ezifundeni zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngemuva kuka-1970, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuningi bethulwa ezweni, futhi izinhlelo eziningi zokuqwashisa abalimi zenziwa ezihloselwe ukukhiqiza ukotini okulungile ezweni ngokwalo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kukakotini eNdiya kwafinyelela ukuphakama okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, futhi izwe laba umphakeli omkhulu kakotini emhlabeni. Eminyakeni edlule, uhulumeni waseNdiya naye uye wathatha izinyathelo eziningi ezikhuthazayo emkhakheni wokunisela ngenkasa. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kulindeleke ukwanda okukhulu kokukhiqizwa ukotini nezinye izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokunisela kanye nezindlela ezitholakalayo zokunisela okwamanje ziphezulu kakhulu.