injini yesitimu sokhuni

Izinjini zokuqala zesitimu ezinosilinda oscillating ezihambayo zadalwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX futhi zasetshenziselwa ukuhambisa imikhumbi emincane yesitimu. Izinzuzo zabo zihlanganisa ubulula bokwakha. Yiqiniso, lezo zinjini ze-steam zazingenziwanga ngokhuni, kodwa ngensimbi. Zazinezingxenye ezimbalwa, azizange ziphuke, futhi zazishibhile ukuzikhiqiza. Zazenziwe ngendlela evundlile noma eqondile ukuze zingathathi isikhala esiningi emkhunjini. Lezi zinhlobo zezinjini ze-steam nazo zakhiqizwa njengama-miniatures asebenzayo. Kwakungamathoyizi e-polytechnic asebenzisa umusi.

Ubulula bomklamo wenjini ye-oscillating cylinder steam yinzuzo yayo enkulu, futhi singase silingeke ukwenza imodeli enjalo ngokhuni. Ngokuqinisekile sifuna ukuthi imodeli yethu isebenze futhi ingagcini nje ukuma. Kuyafezeka. Kodwa-ke, ngeke siyishayele ngesitimu esishisayo, kodwa ngomoya obandayo ojwayelekile, okungcono kakhulu kusuka ku-compressor yasekhaya noma, ngokwesibonelo, i-vacuum cleaner. I-Wood iyinto ethokozisayo futhi kulula ukusebenza, ngakho-ke ungaphinda udale umshini wenjini ye-steam kuyo. Kusukela lapho sakha imodeli yethu, sihlinzekele ingxenye yesilinda eseceleni, ngenxa yalokhu singabona ukuthi i-piston isebenza kanjani nokuthi isilinda sihamba kanjani ngokuhlobene nezimbobo zesikhathi. Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ufike emsebenzini ngokushesha.

Ukusebenza komshini umusi nge-cylinder enyakazayo. Singazihlaziyela isithombe 1 ochungechungeni lwezithombe ezimakwe ukusuka ku-a kuya ku-f.

1. I-steam ingena kusilinda nge-inlet bese iphusha ipiston.
2. I-piston izungeza i-flywheel phakathi kwe-piston rod kanye ne-crank rod yokuxhuma.
3. I-cylinder ishintsha indawo yayo, njengoba i-piston ihamba, ivala i-inlet futhi ivule i-steam outlet.
4. I-piston, eshayelwa yi-inertia ye-flywheel esheshayo, iphusha umusi we-exhaust kule mbobo, futhi umjikelezo uqala phansi.
5. Isilinda sishintsha indawo lapho okungena khona kuyavuleka.
6. Isitimu esicindezelwe futhi sidlula endaweni yokungena bese siphusha ipiston.

Amathuluzi: I-drill kagesi endaweni yokuma, i-drill enamathiselwe ebhentshini lokusebenzela, i-sander yebhande, i-grinder enyakazayo, i-dremel enamathiphu okusebenza ngokhuni, i-jigsaw, umshini wokunamathisela ngeglue eshisayo, i-M3 ifa nge-chuck yokufaka i-chuck, umshini wokubaza amamilimitha angu-14. Sizosebenzisa i-compressor noma i-vacuum cleaner ukushayela imodeli.

Izinto zokwakha: I-pine board 100 by 20 millimeters ububanzi, roller 14 millimeters ububanzi, ibhodi 20 by 20 mm, ibhodi 30 by 30 millimeters, ibhodi 60 by 8 millimeters, plywood 10 millimeters obukhulu. Amafutha e-Silicone noma uwoyela womshini, isipikili esinobubanzi obungamamilimitha angu-3 nobude obungamamilimitha angu-60, isiphethu esinamandla, i-nati ene-washer ye-M3. I-varnish ecacile ethini le-aerosol yokhuni lokuvanisha.

Isisekelo somshini. Sizokwenza ebhodini likala 500 by 100 by 20 millimeters. Ngaphambi kokudweba, kuhle ukukala konke okungahambi kahle kwebhodi nezindawo ezisele ngemuva kokusika nge-sandpaper.

Ukusekelwa kwe-Flywheel. Siyisika ebhodini likaphayini likala 150 by 100 by 20 millimeters. Sidinga izakhi ezimbili ezifanayo. Ngemuva kokugoqa nge-grinder yebhande, i-sandpaper engu-40 emaphethelweni angaphezulu kuma-arcs futhi icutshungulwe nge-sandpaper enhle ezisekelweni, bhoboza izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungamamilimitha angu-14 ezindaweni njengoba kuboniswe emkhiwaneni. isithombe 2. Ubude bekalishi phakathi kwesisekelo ne-asi kufanele bube bukhulu kunerediyasi ye-flywheel.

Irimu ye-Flywheel. Sizoyisika ku-plywood ngamamilimitha ayi-10 ubukhulu. Isondo linobubanzi obungamamilimitha angu-180. Dweba imibuthano emibili efanayo ku-plywood nge-caliper bese uyisika ngejigsaw. Endingilizini yokuqala, dweba indingilizi enobubanzi obungamamilimitha ayi-130 nge-coaxially bese usika isikhungo sayo. Leli kuzoba irimu le-flywheel, okungukuthi, unqenqema lwalo. Umqhele wokwandisa inertia yesondo elijikelezayo.

Flywheel. I-flywheel yethu inezipoki ezinhlanu. Zizokwakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi sizodweba onxantathu abahlanu esondweni elinemiphetho eyindilinga futhi sizungeza amadigri angama-72 maqondana ne-axis yesondo. Ake siqale ngokudweba indilinga enobubanzi obungamamilimitha ayi-120 ephepheni, kulandele izinaliti zokunitha ezingamamilimitha ayi-15 ubukhulu kanye nemibuthano emakhoneni abonxantathu abawumphumela. Ungayibona ivuliwe isithombe 3. i 4., lapho kuboniswa khona ukwakheka kwesondo. Sifaka iphepha emibuthanweni enqunyiwe futhi siphawule izikhungo zayo yonke imibuthano encane nge-punch yembobo. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukunemba kokumba. Sishayela wonke amakhona onxantathu nge-drill enobubanzi obungamamilimitha ayi-14. Njengoba i-blade drill ingalimaza i-plywood, kunconywa ukuthi ubhoboze isigamu sobukhulu be-plywood, bese uphendulela izinto bese uqedela ukubhoboza. I-drill eyisicaba yalobu bubanzi iphetha ngomphini omncane ovele phezulu ozosivumela ukuthi sithole ngokunembile indawo ephakathi yembobo ebhoboziwe ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-plywood. Uma sicabangela ukuphakama kokubhoboza okuyisilinda kombazi ngaphezu kokubaza okuyisicaba, sizosika izinto ezingadingekile ezisele ku-flywheel ngejigi kagesi ukuze sithole izinaliti zokuluka ezisebenzayo. I-Dremel inxephezela noma yikuphi ukungalungi futhi izungeza imiphetho yama-spokes. Namathisela umbuthano we-wreath nge-vicola glue. Sibhoboza imbobo enobubanzi obungamamilimitha angu-6 phakathi nendawo ukuze sifake isikulufu se-M6 phakathi nendawo, ngaleyo ndlela sithole cishe i-axis yokujikeleza kwesondo. Ngemva kokufaka ibhawodi njenge-eksisi yesondo ku-drill, sicubungula isondo elijikelezayo ngokushesha, okokuqala nge-coarse-grained bese kuba nge-sandpaper enhle. Ngikweluleka ukuthi ushintshe isiqondiso sokujikeleza kwe-drill ukuze i-bolt yesondo ingakhululeki. Isondo kufanele libe nemiphetho elinganayo futhi lijikeleze ngokulinganayo ngemva kokucubungula, ngaphandle kokushaya uhlangothi. Uma lokhu kufinyelelwa, siqaqa ibhawudi lesikhashana bese sibhoboza imbobo ye-axle eqondiwe enobubanzi obungamamilimitha ayi-14.

Induku yokuxhuma. Sizoyisika ku-plywood ngamamilimitha ayi-10 ubukhulu. Ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngiqale ngokumba izimbobo ezimbili eziyi-14mm ngokuhlukana okungama-38mm, bese ngikhipha umumo wokugcina wakudala, njengoba kubonisiwe ku- isithombe 5.

Nali i-flywheel. Yenziwe nge-shaft enobubanzi obungamamilimitha ayi-14 nobude obungamamilimitha ayi-190.

Nansi induku yokuxhuma. Inqunywa ku-shaft enobubanzi obungamamilimitha ayi-14 nobude obungamamilimitha angama-80.

Isilinda. Sizoyisika ku-plywood ngamamilimitha ayi-10 ubukhulu. Iqukethe izakhi ezinhlanu. Ezimbili zazo zikala amamilimitha ayi-140 ngamamilimitha angama-60 futhi ziyizindonga ezisemaceleni zesilinda. Phansi nangaphezulu 140 by 80 millimeters. Ingxenye engezansi yesilinda ikala 60 by 60 futhi ingamamilimitha angu-15 ubukhulu. Lezi zingxenye ziboniswa ku isithombe 6. Sinamathisela phansi kanye nezinhlangothi ze-cylinder nge-glue eboshwe. Enye yezimo zokusebenza okulungile kwemodeli yi-perpendicularity ye-gluing yezindonga nangaphansi. Geza izimbobo zezikulufu phezulu kwekhava yesilinda. Sibhoboza izimbobo nge-3 mm drill ukuze iwele phakathi nendawo yodonga lwesilinda. Geza izimbobo kukhava ngo-8mm ukuze amakhanda ayisikulufu akwazi ukucasha.

Piston. Ubukhulu bayo buyi-60 by 60 by 30 millimeters. Ku-piston, sibhoboza imbobo eyimpumputhe emaphakathi enobubanzi obungamamilimitha ayi-14 ukuya ekujuleni kwamamilimitha angama-20. Sizofaka induku yepiston kuyo.

Induku ye-piston. Yenziwe nge-shaft enobubanzi obungamamilimitha ayi-14 nobude obungamamilimitha angama-320. I-piston rod iphetha ngakolunye uhlangothi nge-piston, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi ngehhuku ku-axis ye-crank rod yokuxhuma.

I-axle yenduku yokuxhuma. Sizokwenza kusuka kubha enesigaba se-30 by 30 kanye nobude obungamamilimitha angu-40. Sibhoboza imbobo engu-14 mm ebhulokhini kanye nembobo yesibili eyimpumputhe ebheke kuyo. Sizonamathisela enye ingxenye yamahhala yenduku yepiston kulo mgodi. Hlanza ingaphakathi lembobo bese uyigcoba nge-sandpaper ecolekile egoqwe ibe yishubhu. I-ekseli yenduku yokuxhuma izozungeza kubhore futhi sifuna ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngaleso sikhathi. Ekugcineni, isibambo siyafinyezwa futhi siqedwe ngefayela lezinkuni noma i-sander yebhande.

Ibakaki Lesikhathi. Sizoyisika ebhodini likaphayini elilinganisa u-150 ngo-100 ngo-20. Ngemva kokufaka isihlabathi esisekelweni, bhoboza izimbobo ezintathu ezindaweni njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Imbobo yokuqala enobubanzi obungu-3 mm we-eksisi yesikhathi. Ezinye ezimbili ziyi-air inlet kanye ne-outlet ye-cylinder. Iphoyinti lokubhoboza lazo zontathu liboniswe ku isithombe 7. Lapho ushintsha ubukhulu bezingxenye zomshini, izingosi zokumba kufanele zitholwe ngokomthetho ngokuhlanganisa umshini kusengaphambili nokunquma izikhundla ezingaphezulu neziphansi ze-cylinder, okungukuthi indawo yomgodi oboshiwe ku-cylinder. Indawo lapho isikhathi sizosebenza khona ifakwe isanti nge-orbital sander enephepha elihle. Kufanele ilingane futhi ibushelelezi kakhulu.

I-axle yokuguqula isikhathi. Buthuntu isiphetho sesipikili esingu-60 mm ubude futhi usizungeze ngefayela noma ngegrinder. Usebenzisa i-M3 die, usike isiphetho sayo cishe ngamamilimitha ayi-10 ubude. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha isiphethu esiqinile, i-M3 nut newasha.

Ukusabalalisa. Sizokwenza nge-strip ekala 140 by 60 by 8 millimeters. Izimbobo ezimbili zimbozwa kule ngxenye yemodeli. Eyokuqala ingamamilimitha ama-3 ububanzi. Sizofaka isikhonkwane kuwo, okuyi-axis yokujikeleza kwe-cylinder. Khumbula ukubhoboza le mbobo ngendlela yokuthi ikhanda lezinzipho lihlehle ngokuphelele okhunini futhi lingaphumi ngaphezu kobuso balo. Lesi yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wethu, esithinta ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli. Imbobo yesibili yobubanzi obungu-10 mm yi-air inlet / outlet. Kuye ngokuma kwesilinda maqondana nezimbobo kubakaki besikhathi, umoya uzongena ku-piston, uyiphushe, bese uphoqeleka ukuba iphume ngepiston ngakolunye uhlangothi. Namathisela isikhathi ngesipikili esigxilile esisebenza njenge-asili endaweni yesilinda. I-axis akufanele inyakaze futhi kufanele ibe yi-perpendicular phezulu. Ekugcineni, bhoboza imbobo kusilinda usebenzisa indawo yembobo ebhodini lesikhathi. Konke okungahambi kahle kwezinkuni, lapho kuzobe kuthintana khona nokusekelwa kwesikhathi, kubushelelezi nge-sander ye-orbital ene-sandpaper enhle.

Ukuhlanganiswa komshini. Namathisela izisekelo ze-axle ye-flywheel esisekelweni, uqaphele ukuthi zisemgqeni futhi zihambisana nendiza yesisekelo. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa okuphelele, sizopenda izakhi kanye nezingxenye zomshini nge-varnish engenambala. Sibeka induku yokuxhuma ku-axis ye-flywheel futhi siyinamathisele ngokuqondile kuyo. Faka i-ekseli yenduku yokuxhuma emgodini wesibili. Zombili izimbazo kufanele zihambisane. Namathisela izindandatho zokuqinisa zokhuni ku-flywheel. Kwiringi yangaphandle, faka isikulufu sokhuni embobeni evikela i-flywheel ku-axle ye-flywheel. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesisekelo, namathisela ukusekelwa kwesilinda. Gcoba zonke izingxenye zokhuni ezizohamba futhi zihlangane nomunye ngamafutha we-silicone noma uwoyela womshini. I-Silicone kufanele ipholishwe kancane ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana. Ukusebenza kahle komshini kuzoncika kulokhu. I-cylinder ifakwe enqoleni ukuze i-axis yayo iphumele ngaphandle kwesikhathi. Ungayibona ivuliwe isithombe 8. Beka isiphethu ku-nail ephumela ngaphesheya kokusekelwa, bese u-washer futhi uvikele yonke into nge nut. Isilinda, esicindezelwe isiphethu, kufanele sihambe kancane ku-axis yayo. Sifaka i-piston endaweni yayo ku-cylinder, bese sibeka ukuphela kwenduku ye-piston ku-axle yenduku yokuxhuma. Sifaka ikhava yesilinda bese siyibopha ngezikulufo zokhuni. Gcoba zonke izingxenye ezisebenzisanayo zomshini, ikakhulukazi isilinda nepiston, ngamafutha omshini. Masingazisoli amanoni. Isondo elihamba ngesandla kufanele lijikeleze ngaphandle kokuphikiswa okuzwakalayo, futhi induku yokuxhuma kufanele idlulisele ukunyakaza ku-piston nesilinda. Isithombe 9. Faka isiphetho se-compressor hose endaweni yokungena bese uyivula. Guqula isondo futhi umoya ocindezelwe uzohambisa ipiston futhi i-flywheel izoqala ukujikeleza. Iphuzu elibalulekile kumodeli yethu ukuxhumana phakathi kwepuleti lesikhathi kanye ne-stator yalo. Ngaphandle uma umoya omningi uphunyuka ngale ndlela, imoto eklanywe kahle kufanele ihambe kalula, inikeze abathanda i-DIY ubumnandi obukhulu. Imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle ingase ibe buthakathaka kakhulu isiphethu. Ngemva kwesikhashana, amafutha angena okhunini futhi ukungqubuzana kuba kakhulu. Iphinde ichaze ukuthi kungani abantu bengazakhanga izinjini zesitimu ngokhuni. Kodwa-ke, injini yokhuni iyasebenza kakhulu, futhi ulwazi lwendlela isilinda oscillating isebenza ngayo kule injini elula umusi uhlala isikhathi eside.

injini yesitimu sokhuni