Knock inzwa ZMZ 406

Abashayeli abanolwazi bakhumbula kahle ukuthi i-Zhiguli yaqhuma kanjani lapho ifaka uphethiloli ngophethiloli omubi noma one-octane ephansi. Ukushaya kwenjini kwenzeka lapho injini ima. Isikhathi esithile ngemva kokucisha ukushisa, iyaqhubeka nokujikeleza ngokungalingani, "iyanyakaza".

Uma ushayela ngophethiloli wezinga eliphansi, njengoba abashayeli besho, “ingangqongqoza iminwe”. Lokhu futhi kuwukubonakaliswa komphumela wokuqhunyiswa. Eqinisweni, lokhu kude nomphumela ongenangozi. Lapho kuvezwa kukho, ukugcwala okukhulu kwamapiston, ama-valve, i-cylinder head kanye nenjini iyonke kwenzeka. Ezimotweni zesimanje, izinzwa zokugoqa (DD) zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ukuvikela ukushayisa kwenjini).

Yini i-detonation

Ukungqongqoza kwenjini kuyinqubo yokuzishisa ngokwakho kwengxube kaphethiloli nomoya ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwenhlansi yokuthungela.

Ngokwethiyori, uma ingcindezi kusilinda idlula inani eliphakeme elivumelekile lengxube nophethiloli wenombolo ethile ye-octane, ukuzithungela ngokwakho kwenzeka. Ukuncipha kwenombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli, kuncipha isilinganiso sokucindezela kule nqubo.

Lapho injini iqhunyiswa, inqubo yokuzithungela isiyaluyalu, awukho umthombo owodwa wokuthungela:

Uma sakha ukuncika kokucindezela kusilinda ku-engeli yokushisa, kuzobukeka kanjena:

Igrafu ibonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqhunyiswa, ukucindezela okukhulu kusilinda cishe kuphindwe kabili ingcindezi enkulu ngesikhathi sokusha okuvamile. Imithwalo enjalo ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenjini, ngisho nokuba nzima njengebhulokhi eliqhekekile.

Izici eziyinhloko eziholela ekubonakaleni komphumela wokuqhunyiswa:

• inombolo ye-octane engalungile kaphethiloli ogcwalisiwe;
• izici zokuklama zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (isilinganiso sokucindezela, ukuma kwepiston, izici zegumbi lomlilo, njll.) zifaka isandla ekwandeni kwamathuba alo mphumela);
• izici zokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla (izinga lokushisa lomoya elizungezile, izinga likaphethiloli, isimo samakhandlela, umthwalo, njll.).

Ukuqokwa

Injongo eyinhloko yenzwa yokugoqa iwukubona ukwenzeka kwalo mphumela olimazayo kusenesikhathi futhi idlulisele ulwazi kuyunithi yokulawula injini ye-elekthronikhi ukuze kulungiswe ikhwalithi yengxube kaphethiloli nomoya kanye ne-engeli yokubasa ukuze kugwenywe ukungqongqoza kwenjini okuyingozi.

Ukubhaliswa kweqiniso lalo mthelela kwenziwa ngokuguqula ukudlidliza kwemishini kwenjini ibe isignali kagesi.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Umgomo wokusebenza cishe kwazo zonke izinzwa ezingqongqozayo usekelwe ekusetshenzisweni komphumela we-piezoelectric. Umphumela we-piezoelectric yikhono lezinto ezithile zokwakha umehluko ongaba khona ngaphansi kwengcindezi yemishini.

Amadoda amaningi asebenzise izibani ze-piezo futhi azi ukuthi adala inhlansi kagesi eyingozi. Lawa ma-voltage aphezulu awenzeki kuzinzwa zokungqongqoza, kodwa isignali etholwe kulokhu yanele iyunithi yokulawula injini.

Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa ezingqongqozayo: i-resonant ne-broadband.

Uhlelo lwe-Broadband DD olusetshenziswa ku-VAZ nezinye izimoto ezenziwe kwamanye amazwe:

Izinzwa ze-Broadband zifakwe ku-cylinder block eduze kakhulu nendawo evuthayo. Usekelo lunohlamvu oluqinile ukuze lungadambisi ukushaqeka uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Isici senzwa se-piezoceramic sikhiqiza amandla kagesi we-amplitude eyanele ukuze icutshungulwe yiyunithi yokulawula injini ebangeni elibanzi lefrikhwensi.

Izinzwa ze-Broadband zakha isignali, kokubili lapho ukuthungela kuvaliwe injini ima ngesivinini esiphansi, nangesivinini esiphezulu ngenkathi ushayela.

Ezinye izimoto, njengeToyota, zisebenzisa izinzwa ezinomsindo:

Ama-DD anjalo asebenza ngesivinini esiphansi se-injini, lapho, ngenxa ye-resonance phenomenon, umphumela omkhulu wemishini epuleti le-piezoelectric ufinyelelwa, ngokulandelana, kwakhiwa isignali enkulu. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi i-protector shunt resistor ifakwe kulezi zinzwa.

Ubuhle bezinzwa ezinomsindo ukuhlungwa kwemiphumela yemishini lapho ushayela emigwaqweni emibi, ukushaqeka kwemishini okungaphandle okungahlobene nokuqhunyiswa kwenjini.

Uhlobo lwe-DD resonant lufakwe kuxhumo lwazo lwentambo, lufana nezinzwa zokucindezela uwoyela ngokuma.

Izimpawu Zokungasebenzi Kwenzwa Ye-Knock

Uphawu oluyinhloko olubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokungqongqoza ukubonakaliswa okuqondile komphumela wokungasebenzi kahle kwenjini ochazwe ngenhla.

Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungaba imbangela yokubhujiswa kwemishini yenzwa, ikakhulukazi, ngesikhathi somthelela phakathi nengozi, noma ukungena komswakama kusixhumi noma ngokuqhekeka esifundeni senzwa ye-piezoelectric.

Uma i-DD iqala ukuphuka ngomshini, ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, inani le-voltage kumatheminali ayo lingashintsha kakhulu. Iyunithi yokulawula injini izosabela ekukhuphukeni kwamandla njengokuqhunyiswa okungaba khona.

Ngokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-engeli yokushisa, injini iyaqala, isivinini siyantanta. Umphumela ofanayo ungenzeka uma ukukhwezwa kwenzwa kukhululekile.

Ungayihlola kanjani inzwa yokungqongqoza

Ukuxilongwa kwekhompuyutha akulungisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokungqongqoza. Ukuxilongwa kwenjini kuvame ukwenzeka ngendlela emile esiteshini sesevisi, futhi ukungqongqoza kugqama kakhulu lapho imoto ihamba nemithwalo eyengeziwe (ngegiya eliphezulu) noma okwamanje ukucisha kucishiwe, lapho ukuxilongwa kwekhompyutha kungenakwenzeka.

Ngaphandle kokukhipha emotweni

Kukhona indlela yokuxilonga inzwa yokungqongqoza ngaphandle kokuyisusa endaweni yayo evamile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala futhi ufudumale injini, bese ngokungenzi lutho ushaye into encane yensimbi kubhowodi yokufaka inzwa. Uma kukhona ukuguqulwa kwejubane lenjini (ukushintsha kwejubane), i-DD iyasebenza.

I-Multimeter

Indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuhlola ukusebenza ukuqaqa inzwa, ukunqamula isixhumi, ukuxhuma i-multimeter kumatheminali ayo endaweni yokulinganisa i-voltage engu-2 volts.

Khona-ke udinga ukumshaya ngento yensimbi. Ukufundwa kwe-multimeter kufanele kukhuphuke kusuka ku-0 kuya kumashumi amaningana amamilivolthi (kungcono ukuhlola i-pulse amplitude encwadini yereferensi). Kunoma yikuphi, uma i-voltage ikhuphuka lapho ithintwa, inzwa ayinakuphulwa ngogesi.

Kungcono nakakhulu ukuxhuma i-oscilloscope esikhundleni se-multimeter, khona-ke ungakwazi ukucacisa ngokunembile ngisho nokuma kwesignali yokuphuma. Lokhu kuhlola kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu esiteshini sesevisi.

Ukufaka esikhundleni

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona izinsolo zokungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokungqongqoza, kufanele ishintshwe. Ngokuvamile, abavamile ukuhluleka futhi babe nensiza ende, ngokuvamile edlula insiza yenjini. Ezimweni eziningi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwakheka ngenxa yengozi noma ukuhlakazwa kweyunithi yamandla ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okukhulu.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwezinzwa ezingqongqozayo uyafana ohlotsheni ngalunye (i-resonant ne-broadband). Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ungasebenzisa idivayisi evela kwamanye amamodeli enjini uma ingekho yomdabu. Yiqiniso, uma kufanelana nedatha yokufika nesixhumi. Ivunyelwe ukufaka i-DD ebisebenza kusukela kwesusiwe.

Amathiphu

Abanye abashayeli bayakhohlwa ngo-DD, njengoba engavamile ukukhumbula ukuba khona kwakhe, futhi izinkinga zakhe azibangeli imiphumela efana nokungasebenzi kahle, isibonelo, inzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft.

Nokho, umphumela ukungasebenzi kahle kwalesi divayisi kungaba izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu injini. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa imoto, qiniseka ukuthi inzwa yokungqongqoza:

• wayevikelwe kahle;
• kwakungekho ketshezi olunamafutha emzimbeni wakhe;
• Bezingekho izimpawu zokugqwala kusixhumi.

Ungayihlola kanjani i-DTOZH nge-multimeter nokuthi yimaphi ama-nuances okungcono ukuwazi.

Ividiyo: iphi inzwa yokushaya i-ZAZ Lanos, i-Chance, i-Chery nokuthi ungayihlola kanjani nge-multimeter, futhi ngaphandle kokuyikhipha emotweni:

Kungaba nentshisekelo:

Ngesaba ukuthi ngemuva kwengozi, akuwona wonke umuntu ozokhumbula le nzwa, kuzoba nezinye izinkinga eziningi. Kodwa ngangingazi ukuthi uwoyela ungawulimaza, ngidinga ukubona ukuthi unjani emotweni yami. Azikho izimpawu zokulimala okwamanje, injini isebenza kahle, kodwa kwazi bani. Ngokuqondene nokuqhunyiswa kwe-Zhiguli, kwavela kuzo zonke izimoto ezindala ngezikhathi ezithile, into embi, ngiyakutshela, uma bengashayelanga izinjini ezindala ze-carburetor. Imoto isivele yabhampa iyaduma uyabona manje kukhona okuzowa.

Ngiphinde ngaba nenkinga ngale nzwa. I-Dynamics ayifani, ukusetshenziswa okuthe ukukhuphuka kancane. Ekugcineni, lapho kuvela ukuthi izinto zazingalungile ngale nzwa, kwakungeke kwenzeke ukumane uyiguqule noma, ngoba inzwa enjalo engu-1 kweziyi-10 isebenza ku-VAZ. Okusho ukuthi, udinga ukuyothenga nomhloli futhi uhlole inzwa ngayinye entsha

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso angikaze ngizwe kuthiwa le sensor iyafeyila ezimotweni zesimanje. Ku-FF2 iminyaka engu-9 awakaze ahlakazwe. Ngazi kahle ukuthi kuyini (kwakukhona abahlanu ngasekupheleni kwawo-90s). Ngokuvamile, shayela ngephethiloli eshiwo futhi ungabheki ukonga, kuzobiza kakhulu.

Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​ekusebenziseni imoto, ngiyazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi inzwa yokushaya imoto ayivamisile ukwehluleka. Empilweni yami kwadingeka ngisebenzise, ​​isikhathi eside, izimoto ezifuywayo njenge: Moskvich-2141, enenjini yeZhiguli enamasondo ayisithupha (cishe iminyaka engu-7); Zhiguli -2107 (cishe iminyaka engu-7); I-Lada eyishumi (iminyaka engaba ngu-6), isiyonke cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili yokuhlangenwe nakho ekusebenzeni lezi zimoto, inzwa yokucindezela ayikaze yehluleke. Kodwa ukuqhunyiswa kwezinjini zalezi zimoto kwakudingeka kubhekwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, izinga likaphethiloli elalithululelwa ezimotweni eziteshini zikaphethiloli lalibi kakhulu. Isikhiphi sikaphethiloli esingu-92 sasivame ukugcwaliswa ngophethiloli wenombolo ye-octane ephansi kakhulu, engaxazululeki kahle, ngokuba khona kwamanzi noma olunye uketshezi. Ngemva kokufaka uphethiloli okunjalo, iminwe yenjini yaqala ukugoqa, futhi ngenxa yokwanda komthwalo, kwabonakala sengathi babefuna ukugxuma bephuma emotweni egijima.

Uma uphethiloli wawunamanzi, injini kwakudingeka ithimule isikhathi eside. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba kwakubonakala kubashayeli, ukuze ulondoloze ekuthengeni uphethiloli, uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi kunalokho okushiwo umenzi wemoto watheleka ethangini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ucisha imoto, ucime ukuthungela, futhi injini iyaqhubeka nokuzamazama kabi, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nesici esibonakalayo ku-muffler, njengokungathi umlilo usethiwe ngokungalungile, khona-ke injini kufanele ithimule isikhathi eside. isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba kwakubonakala kubashayeli, ukuze ulondoloze ekuthengeni uphethiloli, uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi kunalokho okushiwo umenzi wemoto watheleka ethangini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ucisha imoto, ucime ukuthungela, futhi injini iyaqhubeka nokuzamazama kabi, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nesici esibonakalayo ku-muffler, njengokungathi umlilo usethiwe ngokungalungile, khona-ke injini kufanele ithimule isikhathi eside. isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba kwakubonakala kubashayeli, ukuze ulondoloze ekuthengeni uphethiloli, uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi kunalokho okushiwo umenzi wemoto watheleka ethangini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ucisha imoto, ucime ukuthungela, futhi injini iyaqhubeka nokuzamazama kabi, kwesinye isikhathi ibe nama-pops esici ku-muffler, njengokungathi ukusetha ngokungalungile.

Yiqiniso, ngezimpawu ezinjalo, injini yalimala.

Ngahlangana ne-knock sensor lapho ngingakwazi ukwehla erobhothini ngolunye usuku. Injini yaqhuma ngendlela esabekayo. Ngandlela thize wangena enkonzweni. Bahlole yonke into baze bashintsha inzwa, umphumela uyafana. Futhi-ke ngiqale ngahlangana nomshini owenza ukuhlaziya okubonakalayo kukaphethiloli. Yilapho abafana bangibonisa khona ukuthi esikhundleni sika-95 anginawo ngisho no-92, kodwa ngithanda u-80. Ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuba ubhekane nenzwa, hlola igesi.

Mingaki iminyaka ngisebenzisa imoto futhi ngishayela kusukela ngo-1992? Ngiyaqala ukuzwa ngalenzwa, ngamahloni. Iphakanyiswe ngaphansi kwe-hood, itholwe, ihloliwe, njengasendaweni yayo. Angikaze ngibe nezinkinga ngenzwa.

Ihlola inzwa yokushaya

Cisha ukutusa bese ukhipha itheminali yebhethri enegethivu.

Sisebenzisa ukhiye othi "13", sikhulula inati elivikela inzwa odongeni lwebhulokhi yesilinda (ukuze kucace, i-manifold yokuthatha isusiwe).

Ukucisha isiqeshana sasentwasahlobo kubhlokhi nge-screwdriver encane, nqamula ibhlokhi yocingo kusuka kunzwa.

Sixhuma i-voltmeter kumatheminali enzwa futhi, sithinta kancane umzimba wenzwa ngento eqinile, sibona ushintsho ku-voltage.

Ukungabikho kwama-voltage pulses kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa.

Kungenzeka ukuhlola ngokugcwele inzwa ngokungasebenzi kahle kuphela ekusekelweni okukhethekile kokudlidliza

Faka inzwa ngokulandelana kwayo.