Dassault Rafale e-Indian Air Force
URafale ufike endaweni yase-Ambala e-India ngemuva kwendiza enemilenze emibili esuka eFrance ngoJulayi 27-29, 2020. I-India isibe ingeyesithathu abasebenzisi bakwamanye amazwe abasebenzisa impi yaseFrance ngemuva kwe-Egypt neQatar.
Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2020, kwaqala ukulethwa kwama-Dassault Aviation Rafale multirole fighters e-India. Izindiza zathengwa ngo-36, okwakuwumvuthwandaba (yize kwakungenjalo njengoba bekulindelekile) wohlelo olwethulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-2016. Ngakho-ke, i-India yaba umsebenzisi wesithathu wangaphandle wama-fighters aseFrance ngemuva kwe-Egypt neQatar. Mhlawumbe lesi akusona isiphetho sendaba kaRafale eNdiya. Njengamanje useyikhandidethi ezinhlelweni ezimbili ezalandela okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola indiza entsha ye-multirole fighter ye-Indian Air Force kanye ne-Navy.
Kusukela yathola inkululeko, i-India ibifisa ukuba amandla amakhulu esifundeni saseNingizimu Asia futhi, ngokubanzi, endaweni yolwandle i-Indian Ocean. Ngokunjalo, nangokusondela kwamazwe amabili anobutha - iPeople's Republic of China (PRC) kanye nePakistan - agcina amanye amasosha amakhulu emhlabeni. I-Indian Air Force (Bharatiya Vayu Sena, BVS; Indian Air Force, IAF) ibe sendaweni yesine ngemuva kwe-United States, China kanye neRussian Federation ngokwenani lezindiza zokulwa eziphethwe amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Lokhu kube ngenxa yokuthengwa kwempahla okuqinile okwenziwe engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu lama-23 kanye nokuqala kokukhiqizwa okunelayisensi embonini ye-Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) e-Bangalore. ESoviet Union, kwase kuthi eRussia, kwathengwa ama-MiG-29MF kanye ne-MiG-23 fighters, i-MiG-27BN kanye ne-MiG-30ML fighter-bombers kanye nama-Su-2000MKI multirole fighters athengwa, e-UK - amabhomu e-Jaguar, naseFrance. - Ama-Mirage fighters angu-XNUMX (bheka ibhokisi).
ONgqongqoshe Bezokuvikela base-India uManohar Parrikar kanye no-France uJean-Yves Le Drian basayina inkontileka yama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7,87 ukuze kuthengwe i-36 Rafale yi-India; New Delhi, 23 Septhemba 2016
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuthathelwe indawo imikhumbi emikhulu ye-MiG-21 fighters futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kugcinwe inani elifiselekayo lama-squadrons angama-42-44, ukuthengwa okwengeziwe kwakudingeka. Ngokohlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwe-IAF, owalandela i-MiG-21 bekufanele abe yindiza yokulwa ekhanyayo yaseNdiya i-LCA (Light Combat Aircraft) Tejas, kodwa ukusebenza kuyo kwabambezeleka (umbonisi wokuqala wezobuchwepheshe waqala emoyeni ngo-2001, esikhundleni sokuthi - ngokohlelo - ngo-1990.). Maphakathi nawo-90s, kwaqalwa uhlelo lokuthuthukisa izilwi eziyi-125 ze-MiG-21bis zibe yinguqulo ye-UPG Bison ukuze zikwazi ukuhlala zisebenza kuze kube kwethulwa i-LCA Tejas. Ngo-1999-2002, ukuthenga okwengeziwe kwe-Mirage 2000s nokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwayo okunelayisensi e-HAL nakho kwacatshangelwa, kodwa lo mbono wagcina ulahliwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwavela udaba lokuthola ozongena esikhundleni se-Jaguar kanye ne-MiG-27ML fighter-bhombers. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-2015, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zizoqedwa cishe ngonyaka ka-XNUMX. Ngakho-ke, okwakuseqhulwini kwakuwukuthola indiza entsha ye-Medium Multi-Role Combat (MMRCA).
Uhlelo lwe-MMRCA
Ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-MMRCA, bekufanele kuthengwe izindiza eziyi-126, ezizokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlomisa amabutho ayisikhombisa (18 ngalinye) ngemishini. Amakhophi okuqala ayi-18 ayezohlinzekwa ngumkhiqizi okhethiwe, kuyilapho amakhophi ayi-108 asele ayezokhiqizwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-HAL. Esikhathini esizayo, i-oda lingangezwa namanye amakhophi angu-63-74, ngakho-ke izindleko eziphelele zokuthengiselana (kuhlanganise nezindleko zokuthenga, ukugcinwa kanye nezingxenye ezisele) zingaba cishe kusuka ku-10-12 kuya ku-20 billion US dollar. Akumangalisi ukuthi uhlelo lwe-MMRCA lwavusa isithakazelo esikhulu kubo bonke abakhiqizi bezindiza zempi abakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngo-2004, uHulumeni wase-India wathumela ama-RFI okuqala ezinhlanganweni zezindiza ezine: i-French Dassault Aviation, i-American Lockheed Martin, i-Russian RAC MiG kanye ne-Swedish Saab. AmaFulentshi anikeze i-Mirage 2000-5 fighter, abaseMelika i-F-16 Block 50+/52+ Viper, amaRussia iMiG-29M, kanye namaSweden iGripen. Isicelo esiqondile seziphakamiso (i-RFP) bekumele yethulwe ngoDisemba 2005 kodwa sibambezeleke izikhathi eziningi. Isicelo seziphakamiso sagcina simenyezelwe ngo-Agasti 28, 2007. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-Dassault yavala ulayini wokukhiqiza we-Mirage 2000, ngakho umnikelo wayo obuyekeziwe wawungezezindiza ze-Rafale. U-Lockheed Martin unikeze inguqulo elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ye-F-16IN Super Viper yase-India, ngokusekelwe kuzixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswe ku-Emirates F-16 Block 60 Desert Falcon. AmaRussia wona, ashintsha i-MiG-29M afaka i-MiG-35 ethuthukisiwe, kuyilapho abaseSweden banikeza i-Gripen NG. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Eurofighter consortium ne-Typhoon ne-Boeing ijoyine umncintiswano ne-F/A-18IN, inguqulo "ye-Indian" ye-F/A-18 Super Hornet.
Umnqamulajuqu wokufaka izicelo wawungomhla zingama-28 kuMbasa wezi-2008. Ngokwesicelo samaNdiya, umkhiqizi ngamunye waletha indiza yabo (ezikhathini eziningi ezingakabikho ekucushweni kokugcina) e-India ukuze ihlolwe yi-Air Force. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe, okwaphela ngoMeyi 27, 2009, u-Rafal akazange afakwe esigabeni esengeziwe somncintiswano, kodwa ngemva kokubhala amaphepha nokungenelela kokhulumela, wabuyiselwa. Ngo-Agasti 2009, ukuhlolwa kwendiza kwaqala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa e-Bangalore, e-Karnataka, endaweni ewugwadule yase-Jaisalmer e-Rajasthan kanye nesizinda sezintaba i-Leh esifundeni sase-Ladakh. Izivivinyo zeRafale zaqala ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
