Idrayivu yokuhlola i-Citroën 11 CV, Citroën DS, Citroën CX: French avant-garde
Phila umehluko! Ukuhlangana nezikhathi ezimbili zakamuva nezisodwa zakudala zaseFrance
Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, uphawu lweCitroën lunendawo ekhethekile emhlabeni wezimoto ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bamuva kanye nokwakhiwa kwangempela. Namuhla sizobheka izinhlobo ezintathu zakudala: i-11 CV, DS ne-CX.
Ngama-60s okuqala, izivakashi ezivakashele eFrance zabona isithombe esingajwayelekile emgwaqeni: phakathi kwe-Ultra-yesimanje iCitroën ID namamodeli we-DS anezindawo ezinesitayela se-torpedo kanye ne-posh Pininfarina emise iPeugeot 404 enamaphiko amancane angemuva. , izimoto eziningi ezimnyama noma ezimpunga zedizayini yangaphambi kwempi bezishayela.
Kubukeka sengathi akuwona wonke umuntu waseFrance owayekwazi ukuthenga imoto yomndeni entsha. Okungenani, abanikazi abaningi be-Opel Rekord neFord 17 M, abeza nezingane ezivela eJalimane bezochitha amaholide abo eFrance, bacabanga kanjalo. Kodwa-ke babenephutha elikhulu, ngoba "izimoto" zamaqembu ezigelekeqe zakudala, eziphansi futhi ezisabisayo zazigcwele ubuchwepheshe besimanje futhi zathengiswa ngabakwaCitroën njengezimoto ezintsha kwaze kwaba ngo-1957. Futhi namuhla wethule iTraction Avant ngo-1934. enguqulweni engu-7, 11 no-15 i-CV ingenye yamamodeli akudala afunwa kakhulu.
ICitroën 11 CV eneminyaka engama-23 yokusebenza
Ngomzimba wayo ozisekelayo, idonsa ngamasondo ahambisanayo futhi aphephile, isikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi ne-torsion bar entofontofo, iTraction Avant, njengoba ibizwa njalo, ihlale ebangeni lenkampani iminyaka engama-23. Ngenkathi umkhiqizo uphinde waqala ngonyaka we-1946 ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yemijaha ngesikhathi sempi, ama-CV ayi-11 asakugcina ukubukeka kwawo ngaphambi kwempi ngeminyango yangemuva, irediyetha enkulu eme mpo nezifakeli ezinkulu ezivulekile namalambu.
Ushintsho olubalulekile kuphela lwafika ehlobo lika-1952, lapho ama-wiper enamathiselwe phansi, futhi ngenxa yokwanda, indawo yangemuva yavulelwa isondo eliyisipele elifakwe ngaphandle kanye nemithwalo eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa phakathi "kwemodeli enesondo" kanye "nemodeli enomphongolo." Eyesibili isivele inathi futhi isilungele ukugibela ukuhlolwa.
Istroller esinomhlane othokomele
KwiTraction Avant, umshayeli nomgibeli ongaphambili bathathwa njengengxenye yabalindi, umsebenzi wabo owukuqondisa kahle abanumzane abahamba ngesihlalo esingemuva esithokomele. I-legroom enciphayo ngaphambili kanye ne-windshield ephakama kwesokudla phambi komshayeli kubukeka sengathi akulungile uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zobukhosi zesihlalo sangemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-shift lever engajwayelekile ephuma kudeshibhodi igcina inikeze umshayeli weTraction Avant isigxivizo somqeqeshi onekhono - nakuba u-gearbox onamagiya amathathu, ongaphambili, ngemuva kwe-grille, ugudluzwa kalula yileli.
Kodwa-ke, isistimu yokuqondisa amandla idinga amandla amaningi esizeni njengesondo lokuqondisa le-MAN Bundeswehr elingamathani amahlanu. Emgwaqeni, noma kunjalo, imoto ibamba kahle, futhi induduzo yokumiswa ifanelwe incazelo yokuthi "emnandi". Izinga eliphezulu lomsindo lidala inkohliso yesivinini esiphuthumayo. Injini engu-four-cylinder engu-1,9 litre enamandla angu-56 hp ikwazi ukusheshisa ifinyelele ku-120 km/h - labo ababefuna okwengeziwe kwadingeka balinde i-DS enamandla kakhulu.
ICitroën DS ngokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic okokuqala ngqa
Ngenkathi i-Citroën yethula i-DS 1955 njengelandela i-Traction Avant ngo-19, iningi lamakhasimende athembekile omkhiqizo ahlangabezana "nokushaqeka kwesikhathi esizayo" lapho u-Citroën ehlongoza ukushintshwa kwe-steji ijethi. Kodwa-ke, ngosuku lokuqala lokwethulwa kwemoto embukisweni wezimoto waseParis, kwatholwa ama-oda ayi-12.
Ngochungechunge lwe-DS, abaklami abagcini nje ukweqa isigamu sekhulu leminyaka lokuthuthukiswa komklamo, kodwa futhi bacasha ngaphansi kwecala lesikhathi esizayo kanye nemishini ehlukahlukene yokuqamba. Ngisho nokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic kukodwa kwanele ukwenza ukushayela kube yinto entsha.
IPallas ebomvu yango-21 i-DS 1967 ibukeka njengomkhumbi-mkhathi ngoba amasondo angemuva acishe afihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi komzimba. Lapho injini iqala, i-chassis iyavuka futhi iphakamise umzimba ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic kuhlanganisa i-nitrogen njengesiphethu nohlelo oluphakathi lwe-hydraulic onompompo wawo ohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhlala phansi okungahle kulungiswe. Isihlalo esiphakeme nje kuphela esikhumbuza imodeli yangaphambilini, kuyilapho isiteringi esikhuluma kanye kanye nedeshibhodi yesitayela sedivayisi yezokwelapha ekhuluma ngezikhathi zesimanje zeCitroën.
Ngenxa ye-semi-automatic transmission eya kwi-DS sponge brake ejwayelekile, ayikho i-clutch pedal. Sishintsha amagiya ngaphandle konyawo lwesokunxele, kuphela nge-lever esondweni lokuqondisa, simisa ngaphandle kokuhamba okujwayelekile, sicindezela isipontshi senjoloba kakhudlwana noma sibuthakathaka - futhi sishelela eduze kwe-asphalt, njengokungathi cishe ngaphandle kokuyithinta. Inqubekela phambili iyabonakala nangejubane elizuziwe - nge-100 hp yayo. I-DS 21 ishaya umqansa ongu-175 km/h. Nokho, emakhoneni asheshayo imoto incike ngendlela eshiya abagibeli nabadlulayo bethukile - kodwa lokho kubonakala sengathi sekuxolelwe. Futhi efakwe i-CX, lapho ukuqhathanisa kwethu kathathu kunguqulo ye-GTI ka-1979.
ICitroën CX GTI ene-128 HP
Futhi lapha umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kochungechunge lwe-DS kanye nomlandeli walo, owethulwa ngo-1974, mkhulu - nakuba i-CX ingamasentimitha ayisithupha emincane kune-DS, ibukeka ibanzi kakhulu futhi ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kuneyandulelayo. Umehluko ubangelwa ikakhulukazi izibani ezinkulu ze-trapezoidal kanye nokwehla kobude bemoto cishe ngamasentimitha ayishumi. I-CX ithathwa njengehybrid eyimpumelelo phakathi kwe-DS kanye ne-sporty mid-engine engine Matra-Simca Bagheera.
Izihlalo zesikhumba ezinama-sporty contour kanye ne-five-speed vertical-lever transmission zigcizelela isimangalo ku-dynamics yemoto enkulu yabagibeli engu-128 hp. futhi ijubane layo elikhulu ngu-190 km/h. Naphezu kwe-hydropneumatic suspension kanye nomehluko osabonakala phakathi kwamathrekhi angaphambili nangemuva, i-CX ijika ngokuzethemba kodwa ayizideli izinto ezijwayelekile zakwaCitroën njengesiteringi esikhuluma umuntu oyedwa, i-speedometer kanye ne-magnifying tachometer. Kodwa yingakho siwathanda lawa maFulentshi anesibindi, anhlanhlathayo - ngoba ayasisindisa kumaswidi amaningi.
isiphetho
Umhleli u-Franz-Peter Hudek: I-Citroën Traction Avant ne-DS ibafanelekele ukuba seqenjini lama-classics amahle. Banikeza inani elikhulu le-charm yomuntu ngamunye futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ethakazelisa kakhulu. I-CX iyaqhubeka naleli siko. Ngeshwa, ngisho nabalandeli bakwaCitroen bakubonile lokhu sekwephuzile - namuhla i-CX isivele ingeyohlobo lwezimoto ezisengozini.
imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe
ICitroën 11 CV (yakhiqizwa ngo-1952)
Injini
Injini eyisine, isilinda esine-in-line esine-camshaft eseceleni ngemuva. ngeketanga lesikhathi, iSolex noma iZenith carburetor.
Ubunzima x Stroke: 78 x 100mm
Ukusebenza kwevolumu: 1911 cm³
Amandla: 56 hp ku-4000 rpm
UMax. i-torque: 125 Nm ngo-2000 rpm.
Ukudluliselwa kwamandlaIdrayivu edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, ukuhambisa ngamagiya amathathu kwejubane, igiya lokuqala liphuma ekuvumelaneni
Umzimba ne-chassis
Umzimba wensimbi ozimele, ukumiswa okuzimele, amabhuleki wesigubhu esinamasondo amane
Ngaphambili: imishayo engunxantathu nesiphambano, iziphethu eziguquguqukayo ze-longitudinal, ama-telescopic shock absorbers.
Engemuva: i-asi eqinile eqinile enezingodo ezinde neziphethu ezinqenqemeni, izifinyezi ezethusayo ze-telescopic
Ubukhulu nesisindo Ubude x ububanzi x ukuphakama: 4450 x 1670 x 1520 mm
I-Wheelbase: 2910 mm
Isisindo: 1070 kg.
Ukusebenza kwamandla nezindlekoIjubane elikhulu: 118 km / h
Ukusetshenziswa: 10-12 l / 100 km.
Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwegaziKusukela ngo-1934 kuya ku-1957 amakhophi angama-759.
ICitroën DS 21 (1967)
Injini
Injini eyisine, isilinda esine-in-line esine-camshaft eseceleni ngemuva. nge-timing chain, eyodwa ye-Weber yamakamelo amabili we-carburetor
Ubunzima x Stroke: 90 x 85,5mm
Ukusebenza kwevolumu: 2175 cm³
Amandla: 100 hp ku-5500 rpm
UMax. i-torque: 164 Nm ngo-3000 rpm.
Ukudluliselwa kwamandlaIdrayivu edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, ukudluliswa kwamagiya amane ngejubane le-hydraulic clutch actuation.
Umzimba ne-chassisIshidi lensimbi yesikhulumi, ukumiswa kokulinganisa kwe-hydropneumatic, amabhuleki ediski anamasondo amane
Ngaphambili: iziphambano
Emuva: imishayo longitudinal.
Ubukhulu nesisindo Ubude x ububanzi x ukuphakama: 4840 x 1790 x 1470 mm
I-Wheelbase: 3125 mm
Isisindo: 1280 kg
Ithangi: 65 l.
Ukusebenza kwamandla nezindlekoIjubane elikhulu: 175 km / h
Ukusetshenziswa 10-13 l / 100 km.
Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwegaziICitroën ID ne-DS kusuka ngo-1955 kuya ku-1975, i-1 isiyonke.
ICitroën CX GTI
InjiniInjini eyisine, isilinda esine-in-line esine-camshaft eseceleni ngemuva. ngochungechunge lwesikhathi, iBosch-L-Jetronic uhlelo lokujova uphethiloli
Ubunzima x Stroke: 93,5 x 85,5mm
Ukusebenza kwevolumu: 2347 cm³
Amandla: 128 hp ku-4800 rpm
UMax. i-torque: 197 Nm ngo-3600 rpm.
Ukudluliselwa kwamandlaIdrayivu edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, igiya elihamba ngesivinini emihlanu.
Umzimba ne-chassisUmzimba ozisekelayo nge-bolt-on subframe, ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic ngokulinganisa, amabhuleki e-disc kuwo womane amasondo
Ngaphambili: iziphambano
Emuva: imishayo longitudinal
Amathayi: 185 HR 14.
Ubukhulu nesisindo Ubude x ububanzi x ukuphakama: 4660 x 1730 x 1360 mm
I-Wheelbase: 2845 mm
Isisindo: 1375 kg
Ithangi: 68 l.
Ukusebenza kwamandla nezindlekoIjubane elikhulu: 189 km / h
Ukusheshisa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-100 km / h: 10,5 sec.
Ukusetshenziswa: 8-11 l / 100 km.
Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwegaziICitroën CX kusuka ngo-1974 kuya ku-1985, ikhophi eli-1.
Umbhalo: UFrank-Peter Hudek
Isithombe: Karl-Heinz Augustin
Ekhaya" Imibhalo " Okungenalutho » ICitroën 11 CV, iCitroën DS, iCitroën CX: iFrance avant-garde
