Yini ongayikhetha: igesi noma i-oil shock absorber? Kuya ngokuthi ugibela ini futhi kanjani.

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi kunengxoxo mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-shock absorber olungcono kakhulu. Nakuba izimoto zesimanje eziningi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa igesi shock absorbers, ngoba kunenzuzo eyodwa enkulu phezu uwoyela - ziphephile.

Ukuze uqonde kahle imuphi umehluko wangempela phakathi kwegesi ne-oil shock absorber, Kunezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile okufanele uzinake: ithini i-shock absorber? Oraz ayini amandla okudambisa. Ngizosebenzisa kakhulu ulimi olulula nolukhulumayo ukuze kube lula ukuluqonda.

I-shock absorber isici esidambisa ukudlidliza. zibangelwa amandla asebenza emotweni futhi avela emithonjeni emibili - njengendawo yomgwaqo (imigodi nemigodi) kanye nokuhamba kwemoto (ukujika, ukubhuleka, ukusheshisa). Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubalulekile ngoba imithombo emibili ikhiqiza ukudlidliza okuhlukile.

Ukushayela phezu kwamahlebezi emgwaqeni (njenge-pothole) kwenza imoto ihambe.. Lawa amandla angazelelwe adonswa ngokuphelele isici sasentwasahlobo (isb. intwasahlobo) futhi ukunyakaza kwentwasahlobo kuphela, ngakho-ke isondo elihlobene nemoto, liyancishiswa (lidayisiwe) yi-shock absorber. Ku-jargon yobungcweti, sikhuluma ngayo i-shock absorber ngesivinini esikhulu (imvamisa yokudlidliza ephezulu kodwa i-amplitude ephansi). Okubalulekile ukuthi ngemva kokushaya ukungalingani, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, khulula isondo ekudlidlizeni okubangelwa yilo, ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela okude kakhulu nokunamandla kwesondo phansi.

Enye into lapho imoto yenza amasondo, ikakhulukazi ngokulandelana noma igijimela engxenyeni yomgwaqo enejiko elide kodwa elithambile, okunciphisa noma ukwandisa isisindo semoto (isibonelo, ucezu lwegquma). Khona-ke akulona kakhulu isondo elinyakazayo njengemoto yonke. Bese sikhuluma ngayo. isivinini esiphansi se-damper, i.e. isivinini esiphansi (imvamisa yokudlidliza ephansi kodwa i-amplitude ephezulu). Futhi njengama-bumps, ama-elementi entwasahlobo nawo adlala indima eyinhloko, futhi izinto zokudonsa ukushaqeka zenzelwe ukuthulisa ukunyakaza kwayo yonke imoto ngokuhlobene namasondo.

Ukwenza kube lula nokwenza lula kuze kufike emkhawulweni:

• ukudambisa ijubane eliphezuluukwehla kokuhamba kwesondo okuhlobene nemoto,
• ukudambisa isivinini esiphansi, - ukudambisa ukunyakaza kwemoto okuhlobene namasondo.

Ukuze kucace, lezi zimo ezimbili ezichazwe ngenhla azizimele zodwa, futhi akukho nhlobo umngcele phakathi kwazo. Kuyivelakancane ukuthi i-shock absorber isebenze kuphela ebangeni eliphansi noma lejubane eliphezulu ngoba enye ithinta enye. Uma imoto ishayelwa phezu kwengxenye yomgwaqo emagebhugebhu, ama-shock absorber asebenza ikakhulukazi ebangeni lejubane eliphezulu, kodwa ama-bumps engeziwe angayinyakazisa imoto, okusho ukuthi imanzi ngesivinini esiphansi. 

Isici sesibili esibalulekile amandla aqeda amandla.okungase futhi kubizwe ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kokudambisa. Leli yikhono le-shock absorber ukudambisa ukudlidliza ngokushesha okukhulu, kungaba imoto noma isondo. Sivame ukukhuluma ngokuqina kwe-damper, kodwa ekusebenzeni konke kumayelana namandla okunciphisa, ngoba i-damper ayinaso isici esinjengokuqina - iziphethu kuphela ezinayo. Iqiniso lokuthi awukwazi ukunyakazisa imoto ngokuyisunduza akubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lokuqina, kodwa ngenxa yokudambisa ukusebenza kahle. 

Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngama-shock absorbers anamandla okudambisa kakhulu, imoto izizwa isindayo ezimweni ezithile, njengoba i-shock absorber ithulisa ngokushesha ukunyakazisa komzimba futhi yenza isondo linamathele emgwaqeni, ukuze uzwe ama-bumps ngaphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla amancane okudambisa, ayanda ukunethezeka kokugibela. Bese uzwa ukugibela okuthambile phezu kwamaqhubu nokunyakazisa, okungathandwa yibo bonke. Nokho, konke lokhu kunentengo yakho. Lapho amandla okudambisa esemancane, lapho ama-oscillation ehlala isikhathi eside, aba makhudlwana, futhi izici ezilandelanayo ezidala lawa ma-oscillations angabangela ukuthi eqe.

Isibonelo, imoto ezungeza isithiyo yenza amajika amathathu aphikisanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi ngasinye umzimba ujikela ohlangothini oluhlukile. Uma ama-absorbers ethusayo enamandla okudambisa kakhulu ebangeni lejubane eliphansi, khona-ke azokwazi ukuthulisa kancane kancane ngemva kokujika kokuqala, ngaphambi kwesibili, bese kuthi ngaphambi kwesithathu. Ama-absorbers ashaqisayo anamandla aphansi okuthambisa awakwazi ukwenza lokhu, futhi ngemva kokujika kwesibili imoto ingashwibeka kakhulu kangangokuthi kuyoba nzima ukwenza ukuqondisa kwesithathu.

Kufana nokwehlisa isivinini esikhulu. Ngemva kokushaya i-bump, isondo liyandindizela, futhi uma amaqhubu enzeke ngokulandelana, khona-ke ngalinye elilandelayo lizobangela ukudlidliza okukhulu nakakhulu kwesondo ngamandla amancane okudambisa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, isondo lingase lihambe ngokungalawuleki ngokuphelele ngokuphathelene nomgwaqo futhi ngaleyo ndlela lishiye umgwaqo isikhathi eside, okungaba yingozi uma kudingekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho - kungase kumangaze - lapho ushayela ngokushesha emgwaqeni we-holey, uzozizwa ukhululekile kakhulu nge-shock absorbers nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi. isici esiqinile, okungukuthi amandla amakhulu okudambisa. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe, bukela ividiyo engezansi bese uzama ukuphendula lo mbuzo: ama-shock absorbers kule moto anamandla aphezulu noma aphansi, kodwa kuthiwani uma bekungenye indlela?

Impendulo ithi Yebo: high damping force. Ukube bekuyingcosana, amasondo ayezophuma emgwaqeni, futhi imoto yayingeke ikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esinjalo, kodwa ngeke ikwazi ngisho nokusheshisa isivinini esinjalo, ngoba nge-back-wheel drive eyodwa. ezindaweni ezingalingani kangako ngeke ikwazi ukudlulisa amandla phansi. Vele, lokhu futhi kuyindaba yeminye imingcele efana ne-rebound kanye ne-rebound damping, kodwa leso yisihloko sesinye isihloko. 

Umehluko phakathi kwegesi ne-oil shock absorbers

Kulesi sigaba, uma uqonda okungenhla, ngeke ube nenkinga yokuqonda umehluko wobunikazi. i-gas-oil shock absorber. Kuyaphawuleka, nokho, ukuthi i-gas shock absorber yigama elenziwe lula, futhi igama layo elilungile lithi uwoyela wegesi. Ngeke sihlale lapha ngesakhiwo esinemininingwane yazo zombili izinhlobo, ngoba akunandaba. Incazelo yesenzo ibalulekile.

Awu, yendabuko Ngaphakathi kwe-oil damper, indawo yokusebenza ingamafutha. onesibopho sokudlidliza okudambisayo. Lawa mafutha athululelwa ngama-valve, futhi njengoba wazi, uketshezi lunomthamo othile, ngakho-ke lokhu kumpompa akusheshi kakhulu. Kukhona futhi amafutha ku-valve yegesi futhi into efanayo kwenzeka futhi nansi uhlobo lwesibili loketshezi olusebenzayo - igesi yomfutho ophezulu (ngokuvamile i-nitrogen). Ayihlanganisi namafutha, kodwa igcwalisa ikamelo elihlukile, okusiza ukunciphisa ukudlidliza kwepiston ku-absorber shock, esebenza njenge-gas cushion - ingcindezi eyengeziwe kuyo, iba nzima kakhulu. Okuyinhloko futhi eqinisweni okuwukuphela kwenzuzo ephawulekayo ye-gas shock absorber phezu kwe-oil shock absorber ukuthi igesi isabela ngokushesha ekudlidlizeni kunamafutha, noma imane ibeke: igesi icindezelwe ngokuphumelelayo kunokuba uwoyela ugeleza ngama-valve. Futhi lokhu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusho ukuthi izinto zokudonsa igesi zisebenza kangcono ebangeni lejubane eliphezuluemva kwakho konke, yilolu hlu olubhekene nengxenye yegesi ye-shock absorber kanye nengxenye yamafutha.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngokwenza? Uma ushayela emgwaqeni omubi onemigodi namabhampa, ukushaqeka kwegesi kudambisa ukundindizela ngokuphumelelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyo yonke imibhalo kaFr. umehluko phakathi kwe-gas shock absorber kanye ne-oil shock absorber, uzothola ulwazi lokuthi igesi inzima kakhulu. Okungukuthi, yiqiniso, kungabhekwa njengephutha, kodwa indlela okuyiyo. Nakuba I-oil shock absorber ayikudambisi lokhu kudlidliza, noma okungenani hhayi ngendlela ephumelelayo, okwenza imoto ikhululeke kakhudlwana. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba ngokungahambi kahle okukhulu kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukudlala ku-suspension, kodwa ngokwenza lokhu isondo liphuka emgwaqeni futhi liyishaye. Futhi njengoba i-oil shock absorber ingakwazi ukudambisa ukudlidliza futhi ibangele ukuthi amasondo akhuphuke asuke endaweni yomgwaqo, lapho ebhuleka noma ephenduka, noma ngisho nokusheshisa, asibambi kakhulu emgwaqeni. Lokhu, futhi, kuhumusha ezingeni eliphansi lokuphepha, kodwa ukunethezeka okuphezulu.

Kungani i-gas shock absorber kanye ne-oil shock absorber?

Nakuba kubonakala kusobala ukuthi ukushaqeka okugcwele igesi kungcono, ukushaqeka okugcwele uwoyela kusekuhle. Yiqiniso, hhayi ezimotweni - lapha, uma kungenzeka, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-gas-oil. Ngisho noma uneSUV endala oyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, kufanelekile ukwengeza imali ethile kulesi sinqumo. Futhi lapha kufanelekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-gas-oil shock absorbers ibiza kakhulu. Kungase kubonakale kumangala ukuthi ama-absorbers okuqala okushaqeka ama-jeep amadala abiza i-PLN 80-100, nama-gas substitutes, isibonelo, ama-300. Kungani? Ngoba eyokuqala yokuqala, ie. amafutha.

Umehluko omkhulu kangaka emananini uwumphumela womklamo oyinkimbinkimbi we-gas-filled shock absorbers. Ama-absorbers anjalo ayakwazi ukulimaza futhi ahluleke ngokuphelele, isibonelo, lapho evuza. Ziguga ngokushesha kunezikawoyela futhi zilahlekelwe izakhiwo zazo ngamavelu ayiziro-one ngokuphazima kweso. Yilapho inzuzo ye-oil shock absorbers, esasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezimotweni zezentengiselwano nezingekho emgwaqeni omkhulu, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwe-damping kungabalulekile njengokuqina, ukuqina kanye nekhono lokusebenza ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. 

Nakuba sesitholile ukuthi igesi edonsa amanzi iphephile kunento edonsa uwoyela, umehluko mkhulu uma sikhuluma ngemoto yabagibeli. Elolini, i-SUV noma imoto esindayo yonke indawo, umehluko awubalulekile ngesizathu esilula - lezi izimoto ezisindayo. Isisindo siphinde sinqume ukusebenza kokudambisa, njengoba ungafunda mayelana nombhalo ocwaningweni lwe-shock absorbers. Futhi lapha kufanelekile ukuphawula lokho hhayi nje kuphela eshibhile, kodwa futhi kuphephile ukugibela ama-dampers kawoyela uma imoto ilayishwe kakhulungoba uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okungazelelwe kwe-gas shock absorber, ivele iyeke ukusebenza.