Iyini i-turbocharger? Funda ngezimo zokusebenza ze-turbocharger enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi

Igama ngokwalo liphakamisa ukuthi inhloso ye-turbine ukucindezela. Umoya uyadingeka ukuze kuthunge uphethiloli, ngakho-ke i-turbocharger ithinta uhlaka lomoya ongena ekamelweni elivuthayo. Kusho ukuthini ukwanda komfutho womoya? Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukushisa umthamo omkhulu wamafutha, okusho ukwandisa amandla enjini. Kodwa lokhu akuwona kuphela umsebenzi owenziwa yi-turbine. Funda kabanzi mayelana nama-turbocharger ezimoto!

Ihlelwa kanjani i-turbine?

Uma ufuna ukuqonda ukuthi i-turbine isebenza kanjani, udinga ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi:

• amakhaza;
• kushisa.

Ingxenye eshisayo iqukethe isondo le-turbine, eliqhutshwa amagesi e-exhaust abangelwa ukusha kwengxube ye-fuel-air. I-impeller ifakwe endlini exhunywe ku-exhaust ye-injini eminingi. Uhlangothi olubandayo lubuye lube ne-impeller kanye nendlu lapho umoya uphoqeleka usuka kusihlungi somoya. Womabili ama-rotor abekwe kumongo we-compressor ofanayo.

Ipheya ohlangothini olubandayo nalo liyingxenye ebalulekile. Induku ivala i-valve yokukhipha umoya lapho i-boost ephezulu ifinyelelwa.

Ukusebenza kwe-turbocharger emotweni evuthayo yangaphakathi

Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-flue gas impulse, i-rotor ohlangothini olushisayo iyasheshisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-rotor etholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-core isethwe ukunyakaza. I-geometry turbocharger engaguquki incike ngokuphelele kumfutho wamagesi okukhipha umoya, ngakho-ke lapho ijubane lenjini liphakeme, ama-rotor aphenduka ngokushesha. Emiklamo emisha, ukuhamba kwama-blade ahambayo e-turbine kuyathinta. Isilinganiso se-boost pressure nesivinini senjini siyehla. Ngakho-ke, i-boost isivele ivela ebangeni eliphansi le-rev.

I-Turbocharger - isimiso sokusebenza kanye nomthelela enjinini

Yini engenzeka ngenxa yokuthi umoya ocindezelwe ungena ekamelweni elivuthayo? Njengoba wazi, umoya omningi, i-oxygen eyengeziwe. Eyokugcina yona ngokwayo ayithinti ukwanda kwamandla eyunithi, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, isilawuli senjini siphinde sikhiphe umthamo okhulisiwe kaphethiloli ngokufakwa ngakunye ngakunye. Ngaphandle komoya-mpilo, wawungeke ushiswe. Ngakho, turbocharger kwandisa amandla kanye torque injini.

I-Turbocharger - lusebenza kanjani uhlangothi olubandayo?

Leli gama lavelaphi? Ngigcizelela ukuthi umoya ongena ku-multifold intake uyabanda (noma okungenani ubanda kakhulu kunamagesi okukhipha umoya). Ekuqaleni, abaklami bafaka ama-turbocharger kuphela ezinjini eziphoqelela umoya ngokuqondile kusukela kusihlungi ukuya ekamelweni elivuthayo. Nokho, kwaqashelwa ukuthi iyashisa futhi ukusebenza kahle kwedivayisi kuyehla. Ngakho-ke, kwakudingeka ngifake isistimu yokupholisa kanye ne-intercooler.

Isebenza kanjani i-intercooler futhi kungani ifakwe?

Irediyetha yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi ukugeleza komoya odlula emaphikweni ayo kupholise umoya ofakwe kuyo. Imishini yegesi ifakazela ukuthi ukuminyana komoya kuncike ekushiseni. Lapho kubanda, kulapho i-oksijini eningi khona. Ngakho-ke, umoya omningi ungaphoqelelwa ungene egunjini lenjini ngesikhathi, okudingekile ukuze kuthuthelwe. Kusukela efektri, i-intercooler yayivame ukufakwa kwi-arch yamasondo noma engxenyeni engezansi yebhampa. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaqashelwa ukunikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu uma ibekwe phambi kwesipholile esiwuketshezi.

Isebenza kanjani i-diesel turbocharger - ingabe ihlukile?

Ngamafuphi - cha. Zombili izinjini zokucindezelwa nokuthungela inhlansi zikhiqiza amagesi akhipha umoya, ngakho i-turbocharger enjinini kaphethiloli, udizili, negesi isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Nokho, ukuphathwa kwayo kungahluka ngokusebenzisa:

• i-valve yokudlula;
• isilawuli se-vacuum (isb i-valve N75);
• ukuma okuguquguqukayo kwama-blades. 

Ibanga lokujikeleza kwe-turbine enjinini enikeziwe nalo lingahluka. Kudizili namayunithi amancane kaphethiloli, ukunyuka kungase kuzwakale kusukela ebangeni eliphansi lokuvuselela kabusha. Izinhlobo ezindala zezimoto zikaphethiloli ngokuvamile zifinyelela umfutho omkhulu ku-3000 rpm.

Ama-turbocharger amasha nemishini yawo ezimotweni

Kuze kube muva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-turbocharger eyodwa ngenjini bekugcinelwe izinjini ezisebenza kahle kuphela. Manje akukho lutho olungavamile kulokhu, ngoba ngisho nangaphambi kuka-2000, imiklamo enama-turbines amabili yakhiqizwa ukuze isetshenziswe ngobuningi (isibonelo, i-Audi A6 C5 2.7 biturbo). Imvamisa, izitshalo ezivuthayo ezinkudlwana zihlala ama-turbine amabili anosayizi abahlukene. Enye yazo ishayela injini nge-rpm ephansi, kanti enye inikeza i-boost nge-rpm ephezulu kuze kuphele isikhathi somkhawulo we-rev.

I-turbocharger iyinto eqanjiwe enhle futhi okufanele uyinakekele. Inikwa amandla ngamafutha enjini futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Lokhu akusizi kuphela lapho ushayela ngokushesha, ushesha noma ukhulisa amandla emotweni. Kuyasebenziseka kakhulu. Unganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli (awudingi ukwandisa amandla enjini ukuze uthole amandla engeziwe nokusebenza kahle), uqede intuthu (ikakhulukazi udizili), futhi ukhuphule amandla ngesikhathi esibalulekile (uma udlula, isibonelo).