Kuyini ukumiswa kwebha ye-torsion yemoto?

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinhlelo zokumiswa ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje, kukhona ibha ye-torsion, futhi manje sizozama ukukuletha ngokuningiliziwe.

Yini ibha ye-torsion?

Incazelo elula kunazo zonke esingayinikeza ukuthi ukumiswa, lapho isigxobo se-torsion sisetshenziswa njengesici sokuqina esisebenza kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezelo. Ukwandisa ukuqina kwethorsional, insimbi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugongolo, olwenziwe ukwelashwa kokushisa okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhlukahlukene.

Isici sesici sohlelo lokumiswa kwe-torsion bar ukuthi umkhawulo owodwa we-torsion bar unamathele esondweni, kanti omunye umkhawulo, ngendlela efanayo, emzimbeni wemoto. Zombili iziphetho ze-torsion ziyasuswa, okutholakala ngokusebenzisa ama-bearings kanye nama-slot joints ukuze kunxeshezelwe izinguquko ezibangelwa umthwalo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.

Ngakho-ke, i-axis yokujikeleza kanye ne-axis ye-torsion bar ihlala emgqeni noma, ngamanye amagama, ngesikhathi lapho isondo lishayisana khona namaqhubu, ibha ye-torsion iyagoba ukunikeza ukuxhumana okunwebeka phakathi kokumiswa nomzimba wemoto.

Lolu hlobo lokumiswa lungafakwa ngobude noma ngokushintshana. Ukumiswa kwebha ye-Longitudinal bar kumiswa ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezisindayo lapho i-chassis ithwalwa khona imithwalo ebalulekile. Ukumiswa kwebha ye-transversion kuvame ukufakwa ezimotweni zabagibeli.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezenza ukumiswa kwebha ye-torsion yilezi:

• shaft yokushayela;
• ihlombe eliphansi neliphezulu;
• i-shock absorber;
• ukuzinzisa ibha;
• umehluko wangaphambili;
• isingeniso.

Ngabe lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lokumiswa kwe-torsion bar?

Manje sekucacile ukuthi iyini i-torsion bar, ake sibone ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inqubo yokusebenza kwalokhu kumiswa ilula futhi icishe ifane nentwasahlobo. Ngamafuphi, nansi indlela ibha ye-torsion esebenza ngayo.

Imikhawulo yebha ye-torsion (njengoba kushiwo) inamathiselwe esondweni nasemzimbeni wemoto. Lapho isondo lemoto lidlula phezu kwamaqhuqhuva, ugongolo lwe-torsion luyaguquguquka, oludala umphumela wasentwasahlobo, nawo onikeze induduzo yokushayela. Lapho isikhuthazi sangaphandle siphela, i-torsion esontekile iyancipha futhi isondo libuyela esimeni salo esijwayelekile.

Iziphethu ezengeziwe zekhoyili kanye nezinciphisi ezishaqisayo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezinqubo ze-torsion, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze ukuxhumana okuphephe nakakhulu nokuguquguqukayo phakathi kwesondo nomzimba wemoto.

Izinhlobo ezidumile zezinhlelo zokuhlukumeza:

Imidiya emibili
Lapha i-torsion bar ihambisana ne-chassis ukuze ubude bayo bungalungiswa phezu kwebanga elibanzi. Ingxenye eyodwa ye-torsion bar ixhunywe kubakaki abaphansi kanti enye inamathele ohlakeni lwemoto. Lo mklamo we-torsion bar suspension ujwayele ukusetshenziswa kuma-SUV futhi usebenza njenge-front suspension.

Ibha ye-torsion yangemuva ezimele
Kulokhu, ibha ye-torsion itholakala ngaphesheya komzimba wemoto futhi isebenza njengokumiswa kwangemuva.

Amahlombe emuva axhunyiwe
Le nketho imvamisa imishayo emibili ye-torsion exhunywe ngogongolo lwe-torsion. Lo mklamo wokumiswa kwebha ye-torsion usetshenziswa njengokumiswa kwangemuva kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto zesabelomali.

Ubuhle nobubi bohlelo lokumiswa kwebha ye-torsion

Eminyakeni edlule, ukumiswa kwebha ye-torsion kube nezinguquko eziningi ezixazulule ezinye zezinkinga zayo zokuqala. Vele, njengakho konke okusemhlabeni, lolu hlobo lokumiswa alunamaphutha, kepha sizokhuluma ngabo ngemuva kwesikhashana.

Izinzuzo zesistimu ye-Torsion

• iqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kwemoto;
• kuqinisa amasondo;
• ilungisa i-engeli yokujikeleza lapho ijika;
• kumunca ukudlidlizela okuvela emasondweni nasemzimbeni wemoto.

Lolu hlelo lokumiswa alulula nje kuphela njengendlela yokwenza izinto, kepha futhi kulula kakhulu ukulifaka nokulungisa, okuvumela ngisho nomakhenikha ongenalwazi ukuthi alusingathe uma kudingeka.
Kunokulungiswa kokuqina okulula kakhulu noma ubani angakwenza futhi ukukhulisa nokunciphisa ukuqina kokumiswa kwemoto yakho. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuzimela ngokuphelele nasekhaya.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokumiswa, ugongolo lwe-torsion luhlangene kakhulu futhi alula.
Nange-dessert ... Lolu hlobo lokumiswa luqinile futhi lungahlala inqobo nje uma imoto yakho isebenza. Ibha ye-torsion yakhelwe ukwenza kahle iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokukhubazeka, futhi uma ilungiswa, ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngokulungiswa okukodwa nje okulula nangokhiye owodwa ngokoqobo osesandleni.

Okubi kohlelo lokuhlukumeza:

Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngu ukulawula okungazinzile kwemoto lapho ubheke khona. Ukushayela imoto emakhoneni aqinile kudinga ukunakwa kakhulu nesipiliyoni kumshayeli.

Okunye okubi kukhona ukudlidliza okwengeziwe, ezidluliselwa lapho imoto ima. Lokhu kudlidlizela kunamandla ikakhulukazi ngemuva emotweni futhi akufaki sandla ekunethezekeni kwabagibeli besihlalo sangemuva nhlobo.

Inkinga ngalokhu kumiswa yizinaliti zezinaliti, ezinokugijima okulinganiselwe okungaba ngu-60 - 70 km ayizinkulungwane, emva kwalokho kufanele zishintshwe. Ama-bearings avikelwe yizimpawu zenjoloba, kodwa ngenxa yemvelo enzima lapho lezi zimpawu zivezwa khona, zivame ukuphuka noma ukuqhekeka, okuvumela ukungcola, uthuli kanye nama-splashes ukuba angene kuma-bearings futhi anciphise ukusebenza kwawo. Ngokulandelayo, ama-bearings alimele anweba ukuxhumana kwe-torsion beam, futhi lokhu kushintsha ukusebenza kokumiswa.

Njengobubi, sengeza inqubo yokukhiqiza ebizayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nensimbi ekusonteni, kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezikhethekile zokuqinisa ubuso ngesikhathi senziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusha. Bonke lobu buchwepheshe obusha buholela ekukhuleni kwezindleko zokukhiqiza.

Kodwa-ke, esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kokumiswa kwebha ye-torsion kuhlala kungukusebenza kwayo njengokumiswa okuzimele ngokuphelele futhi kunikeze induduzo ephezulu. Yize ibha ye-torsion inikeza induduzo ethile, ayenele ezimotweni zesimanje ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Umlando wohlelo lokumiswa kwebha ye-torsion

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokusesha i-Intanethi ukuthola ulwazi "Iyini indawo yokucwenga futhi uyini umlando wayo", khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uthole imininingwane yokuthi iyiphi i-torsion bar eyaqala ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zeVolkswagen Beettle ngeminyaka yama-30s yekhulu lama-20. Yebo, lolu lwazi alulungile ngokuphelele, njengoba amaFrance afaka ukumiswa okufanayo kuCitroen Traction Avant ngo-1934. Lona kanye igama laleli pendenti livela eFrance futhi lisho "ukusonteka", ngakho-ke kucace bha ukuthi ngubani ozowina umncintiswano wobuqhawe).

Ngokushesha nje lapho amaFrance namaJalimane eqala ukusebenzisa amasistimu wokumiswa kwe-torsion esigabeni somhlaba, abaseMelika baphuma baqala ukufaka imigoqo ye-torsion ephumelela kakhulu ezimotweni zakwaChrysler.

Ngo-1938, unjiniyela waseCzech uLedwink wenza isimanjemanje futhi wasithuthukisa isibhaxu se-torsion, futhi uFerdinand Porsche wakuthanda ukuguqulwa kwaso kangangokuthi ngokushesha wasethula ngobuningi ezimotweni zakhe zezimoto.

I-Porsche iyazisa inzuzo enkulu ye-torsion bar, okungukuthi ukukhanya kwayo nokubumbana kwayo, izimfanelo ezifunwa kakhulu kwezemidlalo nezimoto zomjaho.

Lolu hlobo lokumiswa lwathuthukiswa kakhulu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II lapho lwalusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zezikhali. (Phakathi kwemikhiqizo edume kakhulu yamathangi ane-torsion bar yokumiswa ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyi-KV-1 ne-PANTERA).

Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, cishe bonke abakhiqizi abakhulu baqala ukufaka lolu hlobo lokumiswa kwezinye zezinhlobo zabo, kwathi ama-50s kanye nama-60s ekhulu lama-20 babona ukuqhuma okukhulu ekumisweni kwe-torsion ezimotweni nasezimotweni ezigijimayo. Le nzalo enkulu evela kubakhiqizi nakubanikazi bezimoto ingenxa yokuxinana kohlelo lwe-torsion bar, izindleko eziphansi zokufaka nezokulungisa futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuqina kwalokhu kumiswa.

Ngo-1961, i-torsion bar yaqale yasetshenziswa njengokumiswa ngaphambili kuJaguar E-Type.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kweminyaka nangokufika kwezentuthuko ezintsha, uhlelo lokumiswa kwe-torsion bar lwaqala ukulahlekelwa ukuthandwa, ngoba alunanzuzo ngokuphelele. (Inqubo yokukhiqiza yokuphatha insimbi iyinkimbinkimbi impela, inabasebenzi abaningi futhi iyabiza, futhi lokhu kwenza lolu hlobo lokumiswa lubize kakhulu).

Namuhla, lolu hlobo lokumiswa lusetshenziswa kakhulu emalolini noma kumaSUV avela kubakhiqizi abanjengoFord, Dodge, Mitsubishi Pajero, General Motors, nabanye.

Ukulungiswa okungadingeka ekumisweni kwebha ye-torsion

Njengoba sekushiwo, enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zalolu hlobo lokumiswa ukuthi umsebenzi wokulungisa ungenziwa ngokushesha futhi kalula, ngisho nangabashayeli abangajwayelene kakhulu nelungiselelo lokumiswa.

Okungcono futhi, ibha ye-torsion ayidingi ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwanoma yiziphi izinto. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokulungiswa, uma singazibiza kanjalo, yilezi:

Ukwenza buthaka kwanoma yiziphi izinto zokumiswa
Ukulungiswa kuyashesha kakhulu, kudinga kuphela ukusonta okukodwa nesikhathi esincane. Ukuphela kokufanele ukwenze ukuthola ukuxhumana okuxekethile bese ukuqinisa futhi.

Ukulungiswa kokuphakama kokumiswa kwebha ye-torsion
Lokhu akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa, njengoba kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngabashayeli abasebenzisa isitayela sokushayela futhi bafuna ukuphakamisa imoto ngemuva. Ukushintsha ukuphakama kwemoto kunengqondo uma udinga ukwandisa ukuqina kokumiswa. Futhi lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "ukulungiswa" kwenziwa kalula futhi kuphela ngokhiye.

Ishintsha amabhele
Futhi, sibuyela enkingeni evame kakhulu ngohlelo lokumiswa kwebha ye-torsion, okungukuthi amabheringi, aguga ngokushesha futhi adinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Kulokhu, sincoma ukuvakashela isikhungo sesevisi, lapho bengenakususa kuphela izimvu zamanzi namabhere agugile, kepha futhi bengahlola imiphongolo ye-torsion, imishayo nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwalolu hlobo lokumiswa.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kungani ukumiswa kwe-torsion bar kuhle? Lokhu kumiswa kunesakhiwo esihlangene futhi kulula ukukulungisa nokufaka. Unesisindo esincane, ungashintsha imvume yemoto, enokwethenjelwa, ukuzinza okungcono kwemoto.

Ayini ama-torsion bar emotweni? Kuyi-cross-like crossbeam. Okuhlukile kwayo ukuthi imelana kakhulu nemithwalo ye-torsional eqhubekayo. Izimoto eziningi zanamuhla zikhiqizwa ngokumiswa okunjalo.

Isetshenziselwa ini i-torsion beam? Kuyisici sokudambisa sokumiswa kwemoto. Umsebenzi wawo uyafana nowentwasahlobo - ukubuyisela amasondo acindezelwe endaweni yawo ngokuhlobene ne-wheel arch.