Iyini i-fuel injection?
I-Bosch yakha i-diesel fuel injection ngo-1920 ukuphendula ukukhuphuka kwesidingo sikaphethiloli kanye namanani. Selokhu kwavela ukujova uphethiloli ezimotweni, ijubane nokushesha kwezimoto eziningi selishintshile. ihaba ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kwenze izinjini zonga kakhulu, zasebenza kahle futhi zenze zaba phezulu amandla ehhashi. Lobu buchwepheshe, nakuba olusha, yebo esetshenziswa namuhla kuzo zombili izinjini zikadizili nekaphethiloli.
I-fuel injector iyithuluzi lokufafaza nokufaka uphethiloli ekamelweni elivuthayo langaphakathi. injini. I-injector i-atomize uphethiloli futhi uyipompa ngqo ekamelweni elivuthayo endaweni ethile emjikelezweni womlilo. Ama-injection amasha angaphinda alinganise inani likaphethiloli njengoba kushiwo futhi kulawulwa. yini iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi (ECM). uphethiloli fama-injection kaphethiloli manje asebenza njengenye indlela ye-carburetor, lapho ingxube ye-air-fuel imuncwa i-vacuum edalwe ukushona phansi kwepiston.
Njengomthetho, ama-injection ka-diesel fuel afakwe ekhanda lenjini nge-tip ngaphakathi kwegumbi lomlilo. igumbi, umgodi usayizi, inani lezimbobo kanye nama-engeli wesifutho angahluka kuye ngenjini.
Ama-injection kaphethiloli angafakwa ekuthatheni. okuningi (много-ichweba umjovo, i-throttle imizimba, noma kamuva nje ngqo ekamelweni elivuthayo (GDI).
Kungani kudingeka ama-injection kaphethiloli?
Ama-injection kaphethiloli ayizakhi zenjini ezibalulekile ngoba:
Umgomo wokusebenza kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi uthi ikhwalithi engcono yengxube ye-fuel-air, ingcono ukuvutha, okuthi, inikeza ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nokukhipha umoya omncane.
· Ukuxutshwa kahle kukaphethiloli nomoya ohlinzekwa ama-carburetors kushiya izinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene ezingashi ngaphakathi kwegumbi elivuthayo lenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Lokhu kuholela ekusakazweni okungalungile komlilo ovuthayo ngenxa ukungasebenzi kahle eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-detonation", kanye nekhabhoni ephakeme.
Uphethiloli ongashile osesimweni sekhabhoni noma amagesi angashi kanye nezinhlayiya ezingaphakathi kwegumbi elivuthayo kuthinta kabi ukusebenza kahle (imayela), kanye nokukhishwa kwezimoto. Ukugwema lokhu, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bomjovo kaphethiloli buye badingeka.
Izinhlobo zokujova amafutha
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bomjovo kaphethiloli kuholele ekuveleni kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokujova uphethiloli, njengomjovo we-throttle fuel, umjovo kaphethiloli we-multiport, umjovo kaphethiloli olandelanayo kanye nomjovo oqondile, ohluka ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zama-injection kaphethiloli:
Izanamuhla dieAma-injection kaphethiloli azishayelayo asetshenziselwa i-atomization kanye nomjovo noma i-atomization udizili (uphethiloli osindayo kunophethiloli) uqonde ngqo egumbini elivuthayo likadizili injini yokushisa kokucindezela (Cha I-Spark plug).
Ama-injection ka-diesel fuel adinga ingcindezi yomjovo ephezulu kakhulu. (phezulu kufika ku-30,000 psi) kunama-injection kaphethiloli njengoba udizili usinda kunophethiloli futhi kudingeka ingcindezi ephakeme kakhulu ukuze kusetshenziswe uphethiloli.
2. Ama-injection kaphethiloli kaphethiloli
Ama-injection kaphethiloli kaphethiloli asetshenziselwa ukujova ngqo noma ukufutha uphethiloli. (GDI) noma ngokudla okuningana (amaningi-ichweba) noma cindezela umzimba ungene egunjini elivuthayo ukuze kuthungeleke inhlansi.
Umklamo wama-injection kaphethiloli iyashintsha ngohlobo...amabhomu e-GDI amasha asebenzisa umbhobho onezimbobo eziningi, ama-multiport futhi umzimba we-throttle usebenzisa okunamathiselwe okungenanjongo.Umfutho womjovo kaphethiloli uphansi kakhulu kune Ukufaukukhetha…3000 psi for GDI kanye 35 psi for I-Pinter isitayela
Izisekelo Zokukhipha Uphethiloli - Izijovo
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zomthamo kaphethiloli (ukulawula ubude bomjovo ubuningi,ingcindezi, kanye nesikhathi sokuletha uphethiloli) uphethiloli ama-injection. Izinjini zesimanje zinemijovo efika kwemi-5 emjikelezweni womlilo ngamunye... ukuze zizuze ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuncishisweni kokungcola.
1. Ama-injection kaphethiloli anokulawula ngomshini
Ama-injection kaphethiloli emishini lapho kulawulwa khona uphethiloli isivinini, ubuningi, время futhi ingcindezi yenziwa ngomshini kusetshenziswa iziphethu nama-plungers. Lezi zingxenye zithola isignali evela kukhamera noma iphampu yamafutha omfutho ophezulu.
2. Electronic fuel injection
Lawa ma-injection kaphethiloli alawulwa ngogesi uma kukhulunywa ngenani likaphethiloli. ingcindezi, kanye nezinsuku zokugcina. I-solenoid ye-elekthronikhi ithola idatha kusuka kumojula yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. (ECU) imoto.
umklamo wokujova uphethiloli
Idizayini eyenziwe lula yombobho kaphethiloli ifana nombhobho wepayipi lengadi elisetshenziselwa ukufafaza amanzi otshanini.Umsebenzi ofanayo wenziwa i-fuel injector, kodwa umehluko wukuthi esikhundleni samanzi, uphethiloli uyafuthwa futhi "ufuthwe" ngaphakathi kwenjini, okwenza indlela yayo ingene ekamelweni lokushisa.
Ake Qonda ukuklanywa nokusebenza komjovo kaphethiloli ngokucabangela kokubili izijovo zikaphethiloli ezilawulwa ngomshini nange-elekthronikhi.
Umjovo wamafutha olawulwa ngomshini
Ama-injection kaphethiloli anokulawula ngomshini siqukethe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo:
Izindlu zomjovo - indlu yangaphandle noma "igobolondo" lapho zonke ezinye izingxenye zomjovo zikhona. an i-injector eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ingaphakathi lomzimba womjovo kufanele liqukathe i-capillary eklanywe ngokunembile noma indawo lapho uphethiloli ophakeme osuka kuphampu kaphethiloli ungageleza ukuze u-atomization kanye nomjovo.
· I-Plunger - Umjovo kaphethiloli ungase usebenzise ipiston esetshenziselwa ukuvula noma ukuvala umjovo ngomfutho wamafutha. Ilawulwa yinhlanganisela yeziphethu nama-spacers.
· Iziphethu - Isiphethu esisodwa noma ezimbili zisetshenziswa ngaphakathi komjovo kaphethiloli olawulwa ngomshini. Lokhu kufaka:
1. Intwasahlobo ye-Plunger. Ukuya phambili nangemuva kwe-plunger kulawulwa isiphethu se-plunger, esicindezelwa ngenxa yokwanda komfutho kaphethiloli. Uma umfutho kaphethiloli ngaphakathi komjovo kaphethiloli ukhuphuka ube inani elikhulu kunesilungiselelo se-spring/shim inhlanganisela, inaliti ku-nozzle iphakama, i-fuel is atomized futhi ijovwe, njengokucindezela kuncipha umlomo wombhobho uyavala.
2. Intwasahlobo enkulu. Intwasahlobo eyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukulawula imbobo yomjovo. ingcindezi.Intwasahlobo eyinhloko работает kusukela esenzweni sokucindezela kukaphethiloli okudalwe yiphampu yamafutha.
Isijojo sikagesi esinokulawula ngogesi
Lolu uhlobo "oluhlakaniphile" lwesijojo sikaphethiloli olulawulwa imojula yokulawula i-electronic yenjini (ECM), eyaziwa nangokuthi ubuchopho bezinjini zesimanje.
Ama-injection kaphethiloli alawulwa nge-elekthronikhi ahlanganisa okulandelayo izingxenye:
· Umzimba weNozzle. Njengomjovo kaphethiloli olawulwa ngomshini, lolu hlobo lomzimba lomjovo luyigobolondo elingenalutho elakhiwe ngokunemba lapho zonke ezinye izingxenye zitholakala khona.
· Plunger. Njengama-injection kaphethiloli alawulwa ngomshini, i-plunger ingasetshenziswa ukuvula nokuvala umlomo wombhobho, kodwa kuma-injection kaphethiloli alawulwa nge-elekthronikhi, ukuvulwa kwenozzle kulawulwa nge-elekthronikhi kusetshenziswa izibuthe zikagesi noma ama-solenoid.
Intwasahlobo - Njengomshini wokujova uphethiloli osebenza ngomshini, isiphethu se-plunger sisetshenziselwa ukubamba i-plunger endaweni yayo kuze kufinyelele umfutho womjovo, bese kuvala umlomo womjovo lapho kuyadingeka.
· Ozibuthe kagesi. Ngokungafani nama-injector alawulwa ngomshini, lolu hlobo lomjovo lufakwe ama-electromagnets noma ama-solenoid azungeze i-plunger elawula ukuvuleka komjovo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthola isignali ye-elekthronikhi evela ku-ECM ngoxhumano lwe-elekthronikhi oluxhuma umjovo wamafutha ku-ECM.
· Ipulaki/uxhumano lwe-elekthronikhi. Umjovo kaphethiloli olawulwa nge-elekthronikhi unesixhumanisi lapho isignali ye-elekthronikhi esuka ku-ECM yenjini idluliselwa ku- ama-injection. Lokhu kuvula umlomo в fafaza uphethiloli.
