Liyini ibhande lesikhathi
Okuqukethwe
Liyini ibhande lesikhathi futhi yini umsebenzi webhande kulo
Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi (isifinyezo se-GRM) iwumshini ohlinzeka ngokungena nokuphuma koketshezi olusebenzayo ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Kalula nje, ilawula isikhathi se-valve, inesibopho sokuhlinzekwa okufika ngesikhathi (umjovo) wengxube ye-fuel-air kumasilinda asebenzayo kanye nokukhululwa kwamagesi aphuma kuwo.
Ibhande lesikhathi (isikhathi esifushanisiwe) linesibopho sokuvumelanisa i-crankshaft nama-camshafts. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukufana ncamashi kwemijikelezo yokusebenza kwenjini: amavalvu avuleka futhi avale ncamashi kulezo zikhathi ezihambisana nendawo eyodwa noma enye yepiston.
Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zifakelwe izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezine-stroke, umjikelezo wokusebenza onezigaba ezine - ukuthatha, ukucindezelwa, ukushaywa kwamandla kanye nokukhipha umoya.
Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwenjini, kuyadingeka ukulawula ukunyakaza kwama-pistons ngaphakathi kwamasilinda futhi uvumelanise ngokunembile ngokuvula nokuvala ama-valve okungenisa kanye nokukhipha. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi esifanele, injini imane ingakwazi ukusebenza. Lo msebenzi wenziwa yi-gas distribution mechanism (GRM).
Inhloso yesikhathi ukugcwalisa amasilinda ngengxube yamafutha omoya futhi asuse amagesi okukhipha amandla ngezikhathi ezichazwe ngokuqinile.
Isici sokulawula isikhathi yi-camshaft, amakhamera avula futhi avale ama-valve. Ukuze i-camshaft yenze umsebenzi wayo, idinga ukujikeleziswa. Yilokhu kanye okwenziwa yibhande, elidlulisa i-torque kusuka ku-crankshaft. Kuwo wonke umjikelezo wenjini ophelele, i-camshaft izungeza kanye bese i-crankshaft izungeza kabili.
Ngaphezu kokuvumelanisa i-crankshaft ne-camshaft, ibhande lesikhathi ezimweni eziningi futhi liqinisekisa ukusebenza kwepompo yamanzi.
Ezimweni eziningi, ibhande liphinde limbozwe nge-casing ukuvimbela ukungcola, isihlabathi noma iqhwa ekungeneni kulo. Nokho, ukufika kuyo ukuze ihlolwe noma ishintshwe ngokuvamile akulula.
Ibhande lesikhathi libukeka njengendandatho ebanzi enamazinyo ngaphakathi. Yenziwe ngerabha, lapho i-fiberglass noma ama-polymers engezwa khona ukwandisa ukumelana nokugqoka nokumelana nokushisa.
Izizathu zokwehluleka
Naphezu kwamandla amabhande esikhathi samanje, noma kunjalo angaphansi kokugqoka.
Abashayeli abaningi abaqapheli kahle isimo sabo futhi bangazinaki izikhathi zokushintsha ezinconywe abakhiqizi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugqoka kwemvelo kuphetha ngekhefu.
Inkinga engathi sína ingabangelwa uwoyela noma olunye uketshezi olungena ebhandeni, oluzobangela ukushelela futhi, ngokufanele, ukuphazamiseka kwenjini. Ekugcineni, konke kuzophela eweni. Uketshezi lwangaphandle akunakwenzeka ukuba luthembeke futhi lususwe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ibhande kufanele lishintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka esimweni esinjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphampu yamanzi, ama-roller kanye nama-mechanical or hydraulic tensioners nakho kungaba umthombo wezinkinga, isimo sazo okudingeka sigadwe.
Imiphumela yewa
Lapho ibhande lesikhathi linqamuka, i-camshaft iyayeka ngokushesha ukujikeleza futhi iyeke ukulawula ama-valve, abe yiqhwa esimweni abekuso ngesikhathi sekhefu.
Okulandelayo, ama-pistons ashaya ama-valve, awakhubaza. Amapiston ngokwawo angase alimale. Ukusabela kweketango kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-camshaft, i-cylinder head nezinye izingxenye zenjini. Konke lokhu kuzoholela ekulungisweni okubizayo kweyunithi, futhi kwezinye izimo kungaholela engozini.
Ngenhlanhla, ibhande lesikhathi eliphukile livame ukwenzeka lapho injini iqala ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kokuqala. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngesivinini esiphansi, khona-ke umonakalo ongenakulungiseka cishe uzogwenywa futhi udaba luzokhawulelwa ekulimaleni kwama-valve noma iziqondiso zawo.
Konke lokhu kuyiqiniso kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinjini zokuphazanyiswa, lapho ama-piston nama-valve abelana khona endaweni efanayo, kodwa angalokothi angqubuzane ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Lo mklamo uwuhlobo lwenkokhelo yokwandisa amandla nokusebenza kahle. Lawa maningi kaphethiloli kanye namayunithi amaningi kadizili. Uma injini yakho ingenasiphazamiso, khona-ke uma idrayivu yenjoloba iphuka, kwanele ukuyishintsha futhi ungaqhubeka nokushayela.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokudluliswa kwebhande namaketanga
Ngaphandle kwebhande lenjoloba, iketango lensimbi lingasetshenziswa ukudlulisa ukujikeleza ukusuka ku-crankshaft kuya ku-camshaft, ebukeka njengeketanga lebhayisikili.
Iketanga libiza kakhulu kunebhande, kodwa linempilo ende yesevisi. Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi batusa ukuyishintsha ngemva kwemayela elithile, futhi abanye baphikisa ngokuthi iketango alidingi ukushintshwa nhlobo. Konke kuncike kumodeli ethile yemoto.
Nakuba izinga lokuguga kweketango, ngokungafani nebhande lenjoloba, kunzima ukulihlola ngokubona, kodwa idrayivu yensimbi eyonakele izozenza izwakale ngokungqongqoza lapho injini ibanda. Futhi ikhefu elingalindelekile esifundeni alifakiwe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhande, iketango alithintwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nesitayela sokushayela esinolaka.
Okubi kuhlanganisa umsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nesidingo sokugcotshwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Esinye isici se-chain drive ama-hydraulic tensioners, alawulwa umfutho kawoyela wenjini. Uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu umfutho kawoyela wehla, ukungezwani kweketango kungase kunqamuke. Izixhumanisi zeketango elixegayo zingashibilika emazinyweni e-pulley, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwenjini okungazinzile.
Nini ukushintsha ibhande lesikhathi
Njengezinye izingxenye ezisebenzisekayo nezinto zokwakha, idrayivu yesikhathi kufanele ithathelwe indawo entsha ngesikhathi esifanele. Le nto ayilungiseki. Ukudonsa ngokufaka esikhundleni kuyibhizinisi eliyingozi kakhulu. Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kanye nezindleko eziphansi kuzosiza ukugwema ukushintshwa noma ukushintshwa kwenjini, izindleko zazo eziqhathaniswa nezindleko zemoto ngokwayo.
Isikhawu esinconyiwe sokushintsha ibhande lesikhathi sincike kumodeli yomshini kanye nohlobo lwenjini. Abakhiqizi baseYurophu ngokuvamile babonisa i-mileage ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-70-100, nakuba kukhona okuhlukile, kokubili phezulu naphansi. Ezimweni zase-Ukraine, kungcono ukugxila ku-50 ayizinkulungwane.
Kodwa ngokuvamile idrayivu yesikhathi serabha idinga ukushintshwa ngaphambi kwalezi zinsuku. Inganwebeka futhi ihlehle, futhi kungase kuvele imifantu kuyo. Lokhu kungabonwa ngokuhlola okubonwayo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhande liqiniswe kahle, futhi amazinyo awagugi futhi abe nokuzibandakanya okuthembekile namagiya we-shafts. Ungavumeli noma yiluphi uketshezi olunamafutha ukuthi luthinte idrayivu. Ngisho nenani elincane lamafutha lizobangela ukushelela.
Lapho uthenga ibhande lesikhathi, qaphela izimpawu. Idrayivu kufanele ihambisane nenjini yakho, ibe nenani elifanele lamazinyo, ukuphakama nobubanzi.
Ibhande kufanele lithembeke, liqine, limelane nokwelula futhi limelane nokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Ngakho-ke, gwema imikhiqizo yemvelaphi engabazekayo nekhwalithi engaziwa.
Ukuze ungawenzi umsebenzi futhi kamuva, ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanelekile ukushintsha izingxenye ezinomthombo ofanayo - ama-roller, ama-tensioners, kanye nepompo yamanzi uma iqhutshwa ibhande lesikhathi.
