Iyini ipani yamafutha enjini. Izici, isakhiwo, izinhlobo kanye nalokho okudingekayo

Namuhla sizofunda lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-pan kawoyela ye-crankcase yenjini yemoto, ukuthi yini i-elementi, yimiphi imisebenzi nemisebenzi eyenziwa ingxenye, futhi lapho umhlangano utholakala khona. injini gumbi

IYINI IPHINI LAmafutha Enjini Yemoto. IZICI, ISAKHIWO, IZINHLOBO KANYE NEKUDINGEKAYO KUKHO

Sawubona, namuhla sizothola liyini ipani lamafutha enjini imoto, ithini i-elementi I-power plant, imiphi imisebenzi и umsebenzi wenziwa ingxenye, kanye ne, iphi indawo в injini gumbi imoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ake sikhulume ngakho ipani lamafutha linamuphi umphumela on ukusebenza kwenjini izimoto, siyini isakhiwo и idivayisi yesici, kanye ne, yiziphi izinhlobo ze-node. Sengiphetha, ake sikhulume uyini umehluko phakathi kwepani lamafutha le-crankcase enemivimbo emibili kusukela ezine-stroke injini, yiziphi izinzuzo и yokuntula abanakho imininingwane, kungaba imboni yamandla emoto umsebenzi ngaphandle unikezwe ifindo, kanye ne, yiziphi izinto zokwakha khiqiza ingxenye yemoto.

Isici esinjalo semoto njenge i-crankcase oil pan ingenye ye- ukhiye izingxenye в ukwakheka kukaphethiloli noma injini ye-diesel imoto. Ipani lamafutha kuyinto engavamile umkhumbi noma umthamo, ehlinzeka uwoyela wenjini... Ngokuvamile sump efakwe ku phansi kwe-injini block. Ukuze uthole ireferensi, siyakuqaphela lokho idivayisi noma iyiphi yesimanje imoto angikwazi nokucabanga ngaphandle ipani lamafutha, owenza okuyinhloko функцию on ukugcina inqwaba yoketshezi lobuchwepheshe в injini. Ngokuvamile, eziningi zazo izingxenye zenziwa kusukela insimbi noma i-aluminium, kuye ngokuthi thayipha I-power plant. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sump njalo ifakwe ekhethekile imbobo yokukhipha amanzi и ipulaki yesikulufu sensimbi kuyo, ngayo ukukhipha amafutha enjini endala.

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokubuyekezwa okuningiliziwe ipani lamafutha, kuyafaneleka ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini i-crankcase imoto? Carter power plant kuyinto umzimba injini, okuyinto kulungisiwe к injini blockngokusebenzisa irabha noma i-silicone gasket, ukuvikela injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kusukela ukuvuza koketshezi lobuchwepheshe ngaphandle. Ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwe-crankcase zibekwe qhuqha и ama-shafts okuqala I-power plant. IN ngezansi же izingxenye zefindo itholakala ipani lamafutha, okuyinto ifakiwe в ukwakheka kwe-crankcase, yingakho ibizwauwoyela sump". Ngokuvamile, пinkanyezi к i-crankcase inamathiselwe on amabhawodi futhi kunjalo ingxenye yenjini yokuhlukanisa. 

1. UMLANDO WOKUVELA, IZICI KANYE NOKUDINGEKA IPHANI LAmafutha

Ukucabangela kwethu imininingwane enjalo injini, njenge i-crankcase oil pan ngingathanda ukuqala umlando wemvelaphi yenodi. Qaphela ukuthi siyabonga ngokudala i-crankcase kanye neyakhe iphalethi ngidinga unjiniyela waseMelika UHarrison Carterokude Unyaka we-1889 wasungula lokhu okubalulekile imininingwane noma iyiphi imoto yesimanje. Ekuqaleni ukusungulwa usosayensi kwaba ithunyelwe on amasondo amabili. Carter udale okukhethekile isitoreji ngoba ibhayisikililapho yayigcinwe khona uketshezi lobuchwepheshe ngoba lubrication chain. Umsebenzi we-crankcase nezakudala ngaleso sikhathi iphalethikuphi kwagcinwa amafutha kwaba banal ukuvikelwa kwesakhiwo kusukela ukungena komswakama с ukungcola.

Umsebenzi noma sump kuyinto uwoyela wenjini, evame ukuba ngaphansi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bezimoto banaka ngokukhethekile umhlangano lokhu noma lokhuya amamodeli imishini yethulwa ngqo ingxenye impahla. Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, i-crankcase с iphalethi ngokuvamile eyenziwe insimbi (aluminium noma Insimbi). 

Nokho, zikhona izimoto i-crankcase oil panngalo yenziwe kusuka kokukhethekile upulasitiki. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze nciphisa isisindo ngangokunokwenzeka izimoto. Ukuze uthole ireferensi, siphawula ukuthi umuntu angahlangana nabanjalo amamodeli we-sumpon indawo engaphakathi okuyinto ziyasungulwa okuhlukile izingxenye zenjini ezengeziwe, Ngokwesibonelo iphampu yamafutha.

Ukuze uthole ireferensi, siyakuqaphela lokho ipani lamafutha unga zifakwe hhayi kuphela embonini yamandla, kodwa futhi naku u-gearbox, noma ngabe okuzenzakalelayo noma izinhlobo zemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvamile ukuthola ipani lamafutha у isondo elingemuva izimoto noma amabhuloho Imoto. Ngakho, ngezinga elithile, wonke umuntu ifindo, okuyinto ukusebenza on uwoyela inesipesheli sayo iphalethi. 

Nokho, i-crankcase oil pan uqine ngokwanele okuhlukile kwabanye izinto ezifanayo, isibonelo kusuka i-pallet yokudlulisela... Into esemqoka umehluko ilele kwezinye imiqulu, amafomu и izinto zokukhiqiza imininingwane. Njengoba sazi, injini yamafutha epanini kakhulu mkhulu on umthamo futhi ngokuvamile ungathola le ngxenye ayihlukaniseki с injini, ku umehluko okufanayo sump gearboxlokho kuhamba njalo uhlobo olungalahleka.

2. IZINHLOBO, IZINHLOBO ZOKWAKHIWA KANYE NEZINTO EZIBALULEKILEYO ZOKUKHIQWA KWE-OIL PAN

Zonke amapani amafutha enjini share ngokuqinisekile izinhlobo. Uhlobo lwephalethi kuncike ekutheni imoto yena ifakiwe. Ngakho, zikhona amapani amafutha ngoba ukushaya kabili и ezine-stroke izitshalo zamandla. Okuyinhloko umehluko phakathi kwamapani amafuthaefakwe kwezinye izinjini, ihlanganisa isakhiwo uqobo imoto. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphalethi kungenzeka engahlukaniseki noma ayihlukaniseki, okungukuthi, bakhona ingxenye ye-crankcase, futhi hhayi indawo yokugcina amanzi.

Okokuqala uhlobo lwamapani amafuthaokuyi njengomunye с i-crankcase kubhekiswa ku izinjini ezimbili-stroke.Ngaphandle kwalokho, iphalethi kulezi zitshalo zamandla kuyingxenye yazo ingxenye yomzimbaFuthi ingxenye yesistimu yamandla imoto. IN motors ezimbili-stroke ngaphakathi i-crankcase с iphalethi okuyinhloko ingxenye yengxube kaphethiloli, okuyinto ke iyathunyelwa в amasilinda I-power plant. Lokhu uhlelo lwenjini luhlukile kusukela ezine-stroke iqiniso lokuthi esitshalweni samandla esinjalo uwoyela wezimoto, ngokuvamile etholakala phakathi ukuthintana ngqo с amafutha, okungukuthi, ku ithangi elilodwa. 

Ngenxa yalokho, kuvame ukubonwa qeda umbala okuningi mnyama ezejwayelekile. Umbala wokukhipha enjalo izinjini ngokuvamile kwenzeka umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhakaikakhulukazi lokhu ngokuvamile ngoba isithuthuthu. Ukuze uthole ireferensi, siyakuqaphela lokho inhlansi plug в amayunithi amabili-stroke hamba kakhulu kancane,kuna ezine-stroke. Namuhla kunzima kakhulu ukukuthola ukudayiswa izimoto nalokhu uhlobo lwesenzo semoto, ngenxa yakhe ukusebenza kahle okuphansi.

Owesibili uhlobo lwamapani amafutha kubhekiswa ku izinjini ezine-stroke. I isakhiwo enjalo izinjini, sump ithwala kuphela umsebenzi womsizi, okungukuthi, kuphela ithangi ngoba isitoreji samanzi sezobuchwepheshe futhi akusekho. Ngenxa yokuthi ku ezine-stroke izimboni zamandla, uwoyela wezimoto cishe uyaphuthelwa в amakamelo omlilo we-cylinder, intuthu yethrafikhi kukhiqizwa injini okuningi ukukhanya ngombala, ngoba ohlanzekile on ukwakheka... Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinjini unikezwe unomusa ngaphezu kwalokho ifakwe okudala (neutralizer) qeda izinhlelo zegesi.

ngaphandle amapani okuhlukanisa on uhlobo lokubopha, imininingwane eyengeziwe kuhlukaniswa on isakhiwo и impahla yokukhiqiza. Mayelana impahla, kusukela kukhiqizwa izakhi, njengoba siphawulile ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile amapani amafutha zenziwa kusukela ama-alloys e-aluminium noma yensimbi engagqwali, kancane kancane kusuka Insimbi. Ngokuvamile Insimbi embonini yezimoto ziye zaba okuningi sebenzisa kancane, ngenxa ye impahla enkulu... ngaphandle insimbi, ezimotweni zesimanje, ikakhulukazi i-subcompact ingatholakala ama-pallets enziwe kusuka ku ipulasitiki yokushisa ephezulu. Amapani amafutha epulasitiki zinhle ngoba isisindo bakhona Kalula nakakhulu okufanayo i-aluminium cishe ngo Izikhathi ze-2.

Mayelana izakhiwo и ukubonakala kwepani lamafutha, bese kuthi ezimweni eziningi yenza ngesimo esincane isikebhe esimnyama esingunxande. Ama-automaker amaningi ngaphezu kwalokho vikela i-pallet okukhethekile ishidi kusuka ku upulasitiki noma sengibe, okuthiwa ukuvikelwa kwe-crankcase noma injini. Abanye amamodeli we-pallet kungenzeka kwenziwe nokunye okwengeziwe izimbambo, которые zitholakala yonke indawo ingaphezulu imininingwane. Izimbambo okudingekayo ukuze unikeze ukuqina okwengeziwe kwesakhiwo, uma kwenzeka iphalethi ithwala umthwalo we-semantic, okungukuthi, kunjalo ingxenye yezindlu zenjini (i-crankcase yohlobo olungahlukanisiwe).

Iphalethi ye-crankcase yenjini. Izici, isakhiwo, izinhlobo kanye nalokho okudingekayo

Ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo: “I-pan kawoyela yenjini. Izici, isakhiwo, izinhlobo kanye nalokho okudingekayo "

okutholakele

Uma sifingqa lokhu okungenhla, siyakuqaphela lokho i-crankcase imboni yamandla kanye ipani lamafutha, zimbili imininingwane ehlukeneabenzayo imisebenzi ehlukene futhi ngokuvamile xhuma nomunye usebenzisa amabhawodi okuqinisa. Carter - lokhu okuyinhloko injini ingxenye yomzimba, ngaphakathi okukhona indawo engayodwa, eyakhayo umgodi в imoto, lapho crankshaftfuthi ngezinye izikhathi kanye camshaft, kuye ngokuthi thayipha I-power plant. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingxenye engaphezulu ye-crankcase ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswe isilinda block futhi kube njengomunye. Mayelana i-crankcase oil pan, bese ngokwalo ukwakhiwa kakhulu elulaNokho, yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekile и ini okubalulekile usizo Humusha injini into ye-carthis.