Yini i-Car Catalytic Converter?

Isiguquli semoto esihamba phambili

I-catalyst ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya yakhelwe ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emkhathini. Ngamagesi aqeda ukuwaphendulela ezintweni ezingenabungozi. I-catalyst isetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinjini zikaphethiloli nedizili. Izindlela ezintathu zokuguqula okuguqukayo. Isetshenziswa ezinjini zikaphethiloli. Isebenza ekubunjweni kwe-stoichiometric yenhlanganisela, eqinisekisa ukushisa okuphelele kwephethiloli. Umklamo onamandla wokuguqula wesithathu wokubandakanya uhlanganisa ibhulokhi yokusekela, ukufakwa kwezindlu kanye nezindlu. Inhliziyo yesiguquli se-catalytic ibhulokhi yokusekela, esebenza njengesisekelo se-catalysts. Ibhulokhi yenethiwekhi yenziwa ngobumba obukhethekile obukhanyayo. Ngokwesakhiwo, ibhulokhi yokusekela iqukethe iqoqo lamaseli we-longitudinal. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu indawo yokuxhumana namagesi aqeda amandla.

Izakhi zokuguqula izinto

Izinto zeCatalytic zisetshenziswa ebusweni bamaseli ezinyosi. Isendlalelo esincanyana esifaka phakathi izinto ezintathu: iplatinamu, i-palladium ne-rhodium. Ama-catalysts asheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ku-neutralizer. I-Platinum ne-palladium yizinto ezenza ukuthi kube namachibi. Zithuthukisa uketshezi kwama-hydrocarbon angashiswanga kuya emhosheni wamanzi, kusuka ku-carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide kuya ku-carbon dioxide. I-Rhodium iyisisusa sokunciphisa. Lokhu kunciphisa ama-nitrogen oxides abe yi-nitrogen engenabungozi. Ngale ndlela, ama-catalyst amathathu anciphisa ukungcoliswa okuthathu kumagesi e-exhaust. Ibhulokhi yokusekelwa ifakwe ebhokisini lensimbi. Ngokuvamile kukhona ungqimba lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo. Endabeni ye-neutralizer, inzwa ye-oxygen ifakiwe. Okudingekayo ukuqala isiguquli se-catalytic ukuthi izinga lokushisa lifinyelelwe ku-300 ° C. Ibanga lokushisa elifanele lingu-400 kuye ku-800 ° C.

Ungasifaka kuphi isiguquli semoto esikhangayo

Kulesi simo sokushisa, kuze kufinyelele ku-90% wezinto eziyingozi. Amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-800 ° C abangela ukushona kwamakhemikhali ensimbi namabhulokhi osizo lwezinyosi. Isiguquli se-catalytic sivame ukufakwa ngqo ngemuva kokuphindaphindeka kokukhipha noma phambi kwesimungulu. Ukufaka isiguquli okokuqala kuyisiza ifudumale ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke le divayisi ibhekene nemithwalo ephezulu yokushisa. Kulokhu kokugcina, kudingeka izinyathelo ezengeziwe ukuze i-catalyst ikwazi ukushisa ngokushesha, okwandisa izinga lokushisa kwamagesi okukhipha. Ukulungisa isikhathi sokuthungela endaweni yokwehliswa; ukwandisa isivinini sokungenzi lutho; ukulungiswa kwesikhathi kwe-valve; imijovo eminingana kaphethiloli ngomjikelezo ngamunye; ukuhanjiswa komoya ohlelweni lokukhipha amandla.

Yini enikeza i-diesel oxidation

Kusetshenziswa indlela yesiguquli yokuguqula izindlela ezintathu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: isiguquli sokuqala. Okutholakala ngemuva kokuphindaphindeka ngokweqile. Isiguquli esikhulu sokulawula, esitholakala ngaphansi kwangaphansi kwemoto. Idizili yenjini yedizili iqinisekisa ukufakwa kwe-oxidation kwezingxenye ngazinye zamagesi okukhipha nge-oxygen. Okukhona ngobuningi obanele emagesi aqeda injini yenjini kadizili. Lapho kudlula isiguquli se-catalytic, izinto eziyingozi i-carbon monoxide nama-hydrocarbon ahlanganiswa nemikhiqizo engenabungozi ye-carbon dioxide nomhwamuko wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-catalyst icishe iqede ngokuphelele iphunga elingathandeki lokukhishwa kukadizili.

Isiguquli seCatalytic

Ukusabela kwe-oxidation ku-catalyst nakho kudala imikhiqizo engafuneki. Ngakho-ke, i-sulphur dioxide ikhishwa ku-sulfur trioxide. Lokhu kulandelwa ukwakheka kwe-sulfuric acid. Igesi ye-sulfuric acid ihlangana nama-molecule amanzi. Okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlayiya eziqinile - ama-sulfate. Banqwabelana ku-converter futhi banciphise ukusebenza kwayo. Ukukhipha ama-sulphate ku-converter, uhlelo lokuphatha injini luqala inqubo ye-desulfurization. Lapho i-catalyst ishiselwa kumazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-650°C futhi ihlanzwa ngamagesi aphumayo anothile. Awukho umoya, kuze kube yilapho ungekho ngokuphelele. I-catalyst yenjini ye-diesel ayisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide ku-exhaust. Lo msebenzi enjinini kadizili wenziwa uhlelo. I-exhaust gas recirculation noma isistimu yokuguqula i-catalytic ethuthuke kakhulu.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Uyini umgomo wokusebenza kwesiguquli se-catalytic sesistimu yokukhipha umoya? Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka ku-catalyst ngokusekelwe kumazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuthintana kwama-nitrogen oxides nezinsimbi eziyigugu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinto eziyingozi ziyancipha.

Iyini i-exhaust gas converter? Lesi isitsha esincane esimi eduze kakhulu ne-exhaust manifold ye-motor. Ngaphakathi kwaleli flask kune-porcelain egcwele amangqamuzana asesimweni samakhekheba ezinyosi ahuqwe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu.

Iyini inhloso yesiguquli se-catalytic? Lesi sici sesistimu yokukhipha i-exhaust siqinisekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwezinto eziyingozi kumagesi okukhipha amandla ngokuwaguqula abe ayingozi kancane.

Itholakala kuphi i-catalytic converter? Njengoba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kufanele kwenzeke ku-catalyst esekelwe ekushiseni okuphezulu, amagesi akhipha umoya akufanele apholile, ngakho-ke i-catalyst itholakala eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nesistimu yokukhipha injini yangaphakathi yomlilo.